Medicine, Conflict and Survival最新文献

{"title":"The Sheathed Sword: From Nuclear Brink to No First Use","authors":"J. Loretz","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2186769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2186769","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"180 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Crisis in Pakistan: a mass destruction to economy and fragile health care systems.","authors":"Abdullah Nadeem, Abdul Moiz Sahito, Shehroz Shahid","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2022.2157587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2022.2157587","url":null,"abstract":"Flooding has occurred in Pakistan as a result of unprecedented rainfall, particularly in the provinces of Baluchistan and Sindh. Torrential monsoon rains caused the worst floods in Pakistan’s history, destroying communities and leaving over 3.4 million children in need of aid and at heightened risk of waterborne infections, drowning, and starvation. The extent of the destruction is becoming clear as the floodwaters recede. There is a need for government and international organizations to intervene now to implement public health initiatives and multi-sectoral strategies. In Pakistan, the monsoon season is still having an impact on several provinces, bringing with it floods, flash floods, and other severe weatherrelated occurrences, as well as a greater socioeconomic burden. This flooding is attributed to record-breaking rainfall, especially in the provinces of Baluchistan and Sindh (CDC n.d.). As of September 8th, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) estimates around 1,400 fatalities and over 12,700 injured (ReliefWeb 2022). Floods have a variety of effects on human health which may be affected directly by coming into contact with floodwaters or indirectly by damage to infrastructure, ecology, food security, and water supply. The effects of floods might show up immediately or within days, weeks, or even months after the floods have subsided.","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9291346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health Narrative Community-Based Group Therapy in violence-displaced Afro-Colombians: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Francisco J Bonilla-Escobar,&nbsp;Andrés Fandiño-Losada,&nbsp;Diana M Martinez-Buitrago,&nbsp;Julián Santaella-Tenorio,&nbsp;Iván Escobar-Roldan,&nbsp;Daniel Tobón-García,&nbsp;Edgar J Muñoz-Morales,&nbsp;Lori Babcock,&nbsp;Eva Duarte-Davidson,&nbsp;Laura K Murray,&nbsp;María I Gutierrez-Martinez","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2177951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2177951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to evaluate the effect of a mental health Narrative Community-Based Group Therapy (NCGT) in Afro-Colombian violence survivors. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Buenaventura and Quibdó, Colombia. Afro-Colombian adults (<i>n</i>=521) were randomly allocated to a NCGT (n₁=175), a wait-control group (n₂=171) or a Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA, n₃=175). The CETA was described separately given conceptual/methodological differences. Lay psychosocial community workers delivered the NCGT. Symptoms were assessed before and after intervention/wait with culturally adapted mental health symptoms and gender-specific functionality scales. Intent to treat analysis and mean difference of differences were used for comparisons. In Buenaventura, a significant reduction in functional impairment (mean difference: -0.30, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: -0.55, -0.05) and depression (mean difference: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.07) were found, with small and moderate effect size, respectively. In Quibdó, functionality improved significantly (mean difference: -0.29, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.04, small effect size). Even though differences in depression and anxiety were not significant, there were reductions in symptoms. The NCGT is effective in improving daily functioning among violence victims in the Colombian Pacific and has the potential to reduce symptoms of depression. Further exploration is required to understand the effects of a narrative group therapy for mental health in Afro-Colombian populations.<b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01856673 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01856673).</p>","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"28-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9111724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict prevention as part of disaster preparedness: joining the dots.","authors":"Marion Birch,&nbsp;Leo van Bergen","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2185088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2185088","url":null,"abstract":"By the time this editorial goes to press, there will tragically be nobody left alive under the rubble in Turkey or Syria – at present, miracles are still happening an incredible 11 days after the earthquakes. All the issues related to disaster preparedness are coming to the fore: how crucial the first 72 hours are, building construction standards, how people will survive outside in the cold and the cost of rehabilitation. Conflict resolution is not usually considered a part of disaster preparedness, but perhaps it should be. Jan Egeland, secretary-general of the Norwegian Refugee Council and former UN UnderSecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, described the situation: ‘When we needed passable roads, bridges, airports, passage points across border lines the most, they were gone because of the earthquake. On top of that, in Syria, this happens in the middle of a conflict zone’. Limited access to the area is blamed on both the Syrian and Turkish governments – and the actual situation is far from clear – but the patchwork of armed groups in Idlib province and the civilian communities they live within are still in refugee camps. These groups have diverse enemies, allies and international supporters, but the civilian communities they live within who make up the majority of the population have effectively been left in limbo. As Jan Egeland also said, this is effectively ‘an earthquake in a cluster of refugee camps’, and reconstruction of infrastructure – including schools – presently not allowed by donors has to be allowed even without a political solution that has been illusive for 11 years. Meanwhile, disaster preparedness in the form of a warning system for famine did seem to work – just – at the end of 2022 in Somalia. The failure of five consecutive rainy seasons and ongoing conflict and instability have taken a heavy toll. The World Food Programme and others scaled up the number of people they were supporting in response to a prediction of famine towards the end of 2022, particularly in the Baidoa and Burkhaba districts and displaced people in Somalia’s Bay region. While this and the efforts of local communities averted a famine then, whether to declare one is again being discussed, and on 8 February 2023, the United Nations, humanitarian partners in Somalia, and the Federal and State Governments released the 2023 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) for Somalia. They concluded that there is a strong possibility of famine occurring from April to June 2023 if current MEDICINE, CONFLICT AND SURVIVAL 2023, VOL. 39, NO. 1, 1–3 https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2185088","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9244776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health of recently arrived male refugees in Germany reporting sexual violence.","authors":"Yuriy Nesterko,&nbsp;Kim Hella Schönenberg,&nbsp;Heide Glaesmer","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2022.2151742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2022.2151742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is one of the most severe and stigmatizing human rights violations. The recognition of men and boys as targets of sexual violence is a rather recent development. In the present study data on experiences of sexual violence as well as mental health outcomes were analysed in recently arrived male refugees (N = 392) in Germany. More than one third of the men interviewed (n = 128; 36.6%) reported having experienced sexual violence. Compared to male refugees without experiences of sexual violence, male refugee survivors showed higher prevalence rates of PTSD. Moreover, some differences were found between the subgroups on the single symptoms level, indicating higher severity in those affected by sexual violence, including negative alterations in cognition/mood, suicidal ideation, and nervousness or shakiness inside. The findings provide initial data on prevalence of sexual violence and related mental health outcomes in male refugees newly arrived in Germany and emphasize the significance of sexual violence as a risk factor for different mental health outcomes. This provides clear implications for health care professionals that could aid them in better identifying those affected. Finally, further research is urgently needed that takes a closer, more differentiated look at sexual violence in male refugee populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"4-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9872385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attacks on healthcare facilities in Sudan: an unprecedented surge amid a military coup.","authors":"Ahmed Hashim","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2022.2162299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2022.2162299","url":null,"abstract":"The medical community in Sudan has been shocked and dismayed at the level of saddening and unprecedented attacks on hospitals and healthcare facilities by the security and military forces following the country’s latest coup d’état. On October 25 2021, the military council took power, overthrowing the transitional government and suspending the interim constitutional document that was signed by the civil and military factions in 2019 following the toppling of the Al-Bashir’s autocratic regime (Salih and Beaumont 2021). This derailing of the democratic transition incited widespread disapproval among the Sudanese people and galvanized massive protests. Since then, the country has witnessed nationwide violence exercised by the militia that operates under the authority of the coup leaders. To date, over 100 protesters have been killed mostly by lethal bullet wounds in the head and chest as well as by tear gas canisters (Bachelet 2022). Moreover, thousands have been injured during the demonstrations against the coup, many of whom lost limbs or body parts and required major surgical intervention (Perthes 2022). Pressure on the healthcare system has been enormous and unrelenting. In January 2022, the WHO reported that 856 rapid response kits were distributed since the beginning of the coup to the capital Khartoum, where most of the injuries among protesters are reported, and other priority states (AlMandhari 2022). The COVID-19 vaccination program suffered extensive interruptions that affected the delivery of the vaccine amid the ongoing violence, although attempts were made to set up mobile vaccination units at the protest sit-ins (Al-Mandhari 2022). The scale of attacks is dramatically worse compared to early 2019 at the beginning of the Sudanese revolution when, even at the peak of the resistance and demonstrations against the later ousted regime, the invasions of hospitals were relatively isolated and limited. The most infamous incident at","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"86-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9242835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Afghanistan's healthcare under Taliban: what are the challenges?","authors":"Shamim Arif,&nbsp;Kaniz Fatima Rezaie,&nbsp;Shekiba Madadi,&nbsp;Sayed Hamid Mousavi","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2170576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2170576","url":null,"abstract":"Afghanistan’s healthcare, affected by civil wars and conflicts, continues to face challenges. In 2002, its health system was completely impaired, and some of the world’s worst health statistics were recorded in this country. In recent years, the humanitarian situation in Afghanistan has not only not improved, but has worsened in some areas. After the fall of the former government in Afghanistan in August 2021, the health care system approached near collapse. Access to education and healthcare services remain major challenges for people, particularly for women and girls. Women are at high risk of death due to pregnancy, and newborns also incur greater health risks. The Afghan people are facing shortages of essential medicines, medical equipment, and the most important and common healthcare services. Access to healthcare is a fundamental human right. Thus, the international community and relevant stakeholders need to strengthen their efforts and increase their humanitarian aid regardless of their political views to mitigate the situation amid these critical times. A combination of lack of funds and equipment, poverty, and considerable reduction in the international community’s support after the Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan has caused increased challenges and restrictions in people’s access to healthcare services. This commentary aims to assess the current restrictions and challenges in health services, and their recent history, amid the Taliban’s take-over of Afghanistan. Afghanistan is a developing country that is dependent on external support for its development. Its health care system affected by civil wars and conflicts continues to face stringent challenges (UNICEF 2020). In 2001, its health system had been completely impaired and had recorded some of the world’s worst health statistics. Since 2002, fundamental changes have been implemented by the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) to improve the health system, starting from providing Basic Package of Health Services (BPHS) and","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9292394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide and suicidality in Iraq: a systematic review.","authors":"Maha Sulaiman Younis,&nbsp;Riyadh K Lafta","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2170580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2170580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Suicide is the third-leading cause of death globally, predominantly among youth. We aimed at reviewing the available published literature and some reports about suicide, in an attempt to unveil aspects of this mental health problem in Iraq. Articles about suicide in Arab/Middle Eastern countries were also included to compare those populations of a similar race and religion. The estimated suicide rate in Iraq is 1.7/100000 population (mostly among youth), which is still lower than in western countries. However, underreporting is the reason actual numbers are not known and many who attempt suicide do not report it and so hide their intent to die. The most common method of suicide is self-hanging, followed by firearms, self-burning, and self-poisoning. Suicide and suicidality in Iraq are on the increase even though it is believed to be underreported. Many socio-demographic, psychological and environmental factors predispose to ideation, attempts, and completed suicides despite the religious and social taboos. Young females are more represented in suicide attempts and ideation using potentially lethal methods like self-burning as a consequence of higher rates of depression, community and domestic violence. A key component in suicide prevention is improving the accessibility and quality of mental and social health care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"48-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9463257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulnerability factors in conflict-related mental health.","authors":"Marie Louise D Østergaard,&nbsp;Diego Mauricio Aponte-Canencio,&nbsp;Yenny Barajas Ortiz,&nbsp;Helena Johanna Velez Botero,&nbsp;Jens Simon Modvig,&nbsp;Marie Brasholt","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2022.2156232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2022.2156232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Societies marked by armed conflict face huge challenges in mental health care provision due to lowered resources and destruction of infrastructure along with an increased need for care. This especially affects the vulnerable groups already facing bigger challenges in terms of higher disease burden and limited access to care.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine how the association between conflict-related trauma and mental health is affected by different factors affecting the individual's vulnerability, and to address the provision of and barriers in access to mental health services in conflict and post-conflict contexts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Scoping literature review based on a focused literature search in PubMed and DIGNITY Documentation Centre and Library.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Population mental health may be affected by violence and by general hardship by (1) causing new mental health conditions, predominantly PTSD, depression and anxiety, and (2) exacerbating pre-existing mental health conditions. Violence, stigmatization, social and physical capital, gender and access to health care were identified as the main vulnerability factors affecting the association between conflict and mental health conditions.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>The associations between violence, vulnerability and mental health might be overlapping and multi-directed. Vulnerability is considered an effect-modifier on the associations between conflict/trauma and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"63-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9462728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Red Cross Movement – Myths, practices and turning points","authors":"Cédric Cotter","doi":"10.1080/13623699.2023.2180796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13623699.2023.2180796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53657,"journal":{"name":"Medicine, Conflict and Survival","volume":"39 1","pages":"188 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42210130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}