Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica最新文献

{"title":"Disease burden from tobacco consumption in Peru and the projected effect of strengthening control measures: a modeling study.","authors":"Ariel Bardach, Andrea Alcaraz, Jhonatan R Mejia, Natalia Espinola, Elena Lazo, Federico Cairoli, Alfredo Palacios, Lucas Perelli, Federico Augustovski, Cesar Loza-Munarriz, Agustin Casarini, Andrés Pichon-Riviere","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14338","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motivation for the study. Despite progress in tobacco control, the economic and disease burden in Peru remains high. Strengthening smoke-free regulations, implementing plain packaging, banning tobacco promotion and sponsorship, and increasing taxes could reduce it. Main findings. Tobacco use causes 22,350 deaths and 126,000 disease events annually in Peru, resulting in a loss of 1.28% of GDP. Strengthening tobacco control policies would prevent thousands of deaths and save billions in costs. Implications. Stricter tobacco control policies can reduce the health and economic costs associated with smoking for the advancement of public health and economic sustainability in Peru.</p><p><strong>Objectives.: </strong>To estimate the economic burden and disease burden associated with tobacco use in Peru and the projected effect of strengthening specific tobacco control measures.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods.: </strong>We used a Markov microsimulation model to assess smoking-attributable mortality, disease events, economic costs, and projected benefits over ten years, considering the implementation of measures such as plain packaging, full enforcement of smoke-free laws, a complete ban on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, and increased cigarette taxes.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>Each year in Peru, approximately 22,350 deaths and 126,000 disease events are attributable to tobacco use, accounting for 19% of all deaths from heart disease, 18% of deaths from stroke, and 515,768 years of life lost. In addition, approximately 1.28% of gross domestic product is lost annually due to smoking. Over ten years, the implementation of plain packaging could prevent 6,218 deaths, 31,700 events, and save 576 million USD. Full compliance with smoke-free places would prevent 4,982 deaths, 25,400 events, and save 461 million USD. Banning advertising, promotion, and sponsorship could prevent 8,767 deaths, 44,700 events, and save 812 million USD. Increasing cigarette prices by 50% could prevent 20,400 deaths, 658,400 healthy life years lost, and an economic benefit of more than 3.3 billion USD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.: </strong>The economic and disease burden of tobacco use in Peru is significant. Greater efforts to control tobacco would significantly reduce this burden.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Motivation for the study. Despite progress in tobacco control, the economic and disease burden in Peru remains high. Strengthening smoke-free regulations, implementing plain packaging, banning tobacco promotion and sponsorship, and increasing taxes could reduce it. Main findings. Tobacco use causes 22,350 deaths and 126,000 disease events annually in Peru, resulting in a loss of 1.28% of GDP. Strengthening tobacco control policies would prevent thousands of deaths and save billions in costs. Implications. Stricter tobacco control policies can reduce the health and economic costs associated with smoking for the adv","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 2","pages":"126-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of antibiotic resistance using three phenotypic methods in Campylobacter coli strains isolated from commercial chicken meat in Lima, Peru.","authors":"Kiara N Cáceres-Bautista, Jorge L Arroyo-Acevedo, Hugo J Justil-Guerrero, Johnny A Tinco-Jayo, Edwin C Enciso-Roca, Enrique J Aguilar-Felices, Miguel A Rojas-Montes, Diego Diaz-Coahila, César A Lázaro-de la Torre","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14330","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14330","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Motivation for the study. Campylobacter coli, a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans through the consumption of contaminated chicken meat, has shown an increase in antibiotic resistance worldwide. In Peru, information on this is scarce, so we proposed to determine resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using three phenotypic methods. Main findings. In all methods, more than 70% of strains were multidrug resistant with a MIC ≥32 μg/mL, with plate microdilution being the most efficient method. Implications. C. coli strains from chicken carcasses had a high percentage of multidrug resistance. Continuous monitoring with a multisectoral approach encompassing human, animal, and environmental health is necessary.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives.: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine the resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline in Campylobacter coli strains isolated from chicken carcasses sold in Lima, Peru.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods.: &lt;/strong&gt;Cryopreserved strains of C. coli (n=106) were reactivated and the concordance (Kappa coefficient) of the resistance and MIC results between the disk diffusion (DD), E-test (ET), and microdilution plate (MDP) tests was evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results.: &lt;/strong&gt;Ninety-seven strains were reactivated, of which 94 to 100% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, while only 58% were resistant to azithromycin in the DD test. The ET and MDP tests showed 78 to 100% of resistant strains, with azithromycin presenting the lowest percentage of resistance. More than 70% of strains were resistant to at least three antibiotics in all three tests. In addition, 50%, 69%, and 100% of strains had a MIC ≥ 32 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and tetracycline/erythromycin, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.: &lt;/strong&gt;C. coli strains from chicken carcasses had a high percentage of multidrug resistance. The concordance between the three tests was almost perfect, but the ET strips showed maximum concentrations that are insufficient for the MIC in these strains. It is recommended to perform resistance and MIC testing using the MDP, as it allows for a wider range of antibiotic concentrations to be used.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Motivation for the study. Campylobacter coli, a bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans through the consumption of contaminated chicken meat, has shown an increase in antibiotic resistance worldwide. In Peru, information on this is scarce, so we proposed to determine resistance and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using three phenotypic methods. Main findings. In all methods, more than 70% of strains were multidrug resistant with a MIC ≥32 μg/mL, with plate microdilution being the most efficient method. Implications. C. coli strains from chicken carcasses had a high percentage of multidrug resistance. Continuous monitoring with a multise","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 2","pages":"147-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12380429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addison's disease due to adrenal insufficiency in an immunocompetent patient with disseminated cryptococcosis. Case report.","authors":"José Paz-Ibarra, Marcio Concepción-Zavaleta, Miguel Tipiani Mallma, Héctor Delgado Nicolás, Hilder Herrera-Silvestre, Laurie Marcilla-Truyenque, Joseph Arzapalo-Benavides, Luis Concepción-Urteaga","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14304","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic mycoses, such as cryptococcosis, mainly affect the lungs and central nervous system; however, involvement of other organs, such as the adrenal glands, is rare. This has been described in some cases of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) of fungal origin, which are associated with high mortality. We present the case of a 65-year-old immunocompetent man who presented clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency. Biochemical tests confirmed PAI, and abdominal tomography revealed hyperplasia of both adrenal glands, predominantly on the left side. Left adrenalectomy was performed, and pathological examination identified granulomas and fungal structures compatible with Cryptococcus spp. The patient received hormone replacement therapy and antifungal treatment, with favorable outcome. Cryptococcal adrenalitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of PAI, particularly in the presence of relevant epidemiological history, and timely treatment is key to improving prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 2","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation to Collao Quechua and psychometric analysis of the instrument for detecting violence against women.","authors":"Esmeralda Calsina-Rosa, Ruth Huaycani-Cotrado, Evelyn Magaly Yucra-Ticona, Julio Cjuno","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14426","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14426","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Motivation for the study: Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem, with higher prevalence in indigenous communities. Therefore, it is essential to have culturally and linguistically appropriate tools that allow for early screening of this form of violence among Quechua-speaking women. Main findings: The Women's Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) adapted to Collao Quechua showed evidence of internal and external validity, optimal reliability, and invariance of measurement according to age, educational level, place of residence, and monthly family income in a sample of Quechua-speaking women. Implications: The Collao Quechua WAST can be implemented as a screening tool in primary health care services and in state institutions that address cases of intimate partner violence in regions where Collao Quechua is spoken, promoting early detection and timely response to this problem.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives.: &lt;/strong&gt;To determine the validity, measurement invariance, and reliability of the Women's Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) in the Collao Quechua language for Peruvian women.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods.: &lt;/strong&gt;A psychometric study was conducted to adapt the WAST to the Collao Quechua language of Puno and Cusco in a non-probability sample of 521 women, 46.1% of whom were between the ages of 18 and 34. Initially, the WAST was directly and reverse translated, then five expert judges reviewed the Collao Quechua version, and a focus group of women confirmed the clarity and comprehensibility of the items. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used for measurement invariance, reliability analysis, and external validity using Spearman's rho.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results.: &lt;/strong&gt;The unidimensional model of the Collao Quechua WAST reported adequate goodness-of-fit values (CFI= 0.995; TLI= 0.992; SRMR=0.051; RMSEA=0.063) and showed measurement invariance by age, educational level, place of residence, and monthly family income (Δ CFI or Δ RMSEA &lt; 0.01). In terms of external validity, the Collao Quechua WAST and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) showed a direct relationship with moderate strength (Rho=0.618, p=0.001); it also reported optimal reliability, α =0.860 and ω=0.867.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.: &lt;/strong&gt;The unidimensional Collao Quechua WAST showed validity of its internal structure, external validity, invariance by age, educational level, place of residence, and monthly family income, and optimal reliability. Its use is recommended for screening for intimate partner violence in women who speak Collao Quechua.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Motivation for the study: Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem, with higher prevalence in indigenous communities. Therefore, it is essential to have culturally and linguistically appropriate tools that allow for early screening of this form of violence among Quechua-speaking women. Main findings: The Women's Abuse Screenin","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 2","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic diversity of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in clinical isolates from six latin american countries, 2018-2023.","authors":"Francesca Caballero, Anne Martinez-Ventura, Diego Cuicapuza, Alex Fajardo-Loyola, Rosmery Gutierrez-Ajalcriña, Javier Soto-Pastrana, Percy Asmat-Marrufo, Evelyn Barco-Yaipen de Vera, Henry Meza-Fernandez, Mario Chambi-Quispe, Jimena Pino-Dueñas, Nicomedes Laura-Rivas, Alexander Briones-Alejo, Pilar Diaz-Rengifo, Carlos Peralta-Siesquen, Guillermo Salvatierra, Pablo Tsukayama, Pool Marcos-Carbajal","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14299","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motivation for the study. To contribute to the genomic surveillance of UPEC in clinical samples from Latin America, in response to the growing public health problem represented by UTIs and their resistance to antimicrobials. Main findings. Our study revealed a high frequency of high-risk clones, such as ST131 and ST1193. Critical mutations were identified in genes associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, and fosfomycin. Implications. Our results highlight the urgent need to strengthen UPEC surveillance in Latin America. Tracking resistant strains and implementing measures to limit their spread is crucial and has a significant impact on the effectiveness of available treatments.</p><p><strong>Objective.: </strong>To genetically characterize clinical isolates of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from hospitals in Peru and contextualize them against 127 additional UPEC genomes reported in six Latin American countries between 2018 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods.: </strong>The genomes of 16 Peruvian UPEC isolates were sequenced, assembled and supplemented with 127 genomes available in the NCBI public database. Serotypes, sequence types (STs), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and resistance-associated mutations were identified. A phylogenetic analysis was also conducted in order to determine evolutionary relations and distribution in phylogroups.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>The ST131 clone was the most prevalent (42.7%), followed by ST1193 (13.3%). Phylogroup B2 was widely predominant (83.2%), with serotype O25:H4 standing out. The resistance genes blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCTX-M-27 were identified with high frequency, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, especially in the ST131 clone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>Our findings show high circulation of high-risk UPEC clones, such as ST131 and ST1193, in Latin America, along with a notable burden of genes and mutations linked to multidrug resistance, highlighting the need to strengthen regional genomic surveillance.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Motivation for the study. To contribute to the genomic surveillance of UPEC in clinical samples from Latin America, in response to the growing public health problem represented by UTIs and their resistance to antimicrobials. Main findings. Our study revealed a high frequency of high-risk clones, such as ST131 and ST1193. Critical mutations were identified in genes associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, and fosfomycin. Implications. Our results highlight the urgent need to strengthen UPEC surveillance in Latin America. Tracking resistant strains and implementing measures to limit their spread is crucial and has a significant impact on the effectiveness of available treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 2","pages":"156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification by PCR-FRLP of bacteria present in the colostrum of women residing in Barranquilla, Colombia.","authors":"Luz A Sarmiento-Rubiano, Leidys Goenaga, Marianella Suarez-Marenco, Clara Gutierrez-Castañeda, Carmen M Sarmiento, Jimmy Becerra Enríquez","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14321","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.422.14321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motivation for the study. There is little information on the microbiota found in the colostrum of women living in the Colombian Caribbean. Identifying and isolating microorganisms in this fluid is of interest to both medicine and industry. Main findings. The dominant bacterial genera found in colostrum were Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus. Microorganisms with probiotic potential were isolated and should be studied in greater detail. Public health implications. Understanding the microbiota found in colostrum allows us to understand its contribution to infant health and develop strategies to enhance the beneficial impact of these microorganisms on their development.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>With the aim of isolating and identifying bacteria present in the colostrum of women in the city of Barranquilla, located in the Colombian Caribbean, we carried out a descriptive study on 55 colostrum samples, which were cultured on M17, MRS, and TOS agar and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A total of 350 microorganisms were isolated, of which 296 were identified at the genus level by PCR-RFLP with the enzymes HaeIII and RsaI. The online program kodebio.shinyapps.io/RFLP-inator was used for the in-silico identification of the isolates. Seven hypothetical bacterial genera were identified: Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Corynobacterium, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc, with Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus being the most dominant, representing 61.1% of the identified microorganisms. Our results are a starting point for understanding the microbial composition of human colostrum, considering the particular context and environmental conditions of the Colombian Caribbean.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Motivation for the study. There is little information on the microbiota found in the colostrum of women living in the Colombian Caribbean. Identifying and isolating microorganisms in this fluid is of interest to both medicine and industry. Main findings. The dominant bacterial genera found in colostrum were Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus. Microorganisms with probiotic potential were isolated and should be studied in greater detail. Public health implications. Understanding the microbiota found in colostrum allows us to understand its contribution to infant health and develop strategies to enhance the beneficial impact of these microorganisms on their development.</p>","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 2","pages":"184-189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12377886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bullous pemphigoid associated with vildagliptin in an elderly adult with diabetes mellitus. First case in Peru.","authors":"Marcio Concepción-Zavaleta, Cristian D Armas, Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave, Janet Ángeles-Zavaleta, María Del Carmen Durand-Vásquez, José Paz-Ibarra, Janneth Y Quispe-Meza, Luis Concepción-Urteaga","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13871","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), stands out for its safety in older adults. However, it is associated with adverse reactions, such as bullous pemphigoid (BP), although no cases have been documented in Peru to date. We report the case of a 76-year-old male patient with hypertension and DM2 who started treatment with vildagliptin and metformin. After one month, he presented pruritic, bullous and ulcerated skin lesions, leading to the diagnosis of BP. BP, associated with DPP-4i, mainly affects older adults, manifesting on average about 9 months after the start of treatment. Its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria, histopathology and immunofluorescence. Treatment includes discontinuation of the drug and the use of corticosteroids. Vildagliptin, although safe and effective, can cause BP, which requires timely diagnosis and treatment due to its high mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crisis and uncertainty in global health.","authors":"Marcos Cueto","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.14784","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.14784","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with childhood chronic malnutrition during the first 12 months of life in children from a peruvian cohort.","authors":"Bladimir Morales-Cahuancama, Elena Gonzales-Achuy, Gilmer Solis-Sánchez, Cinthia Quispe-Gala, William Bautista-Olortegui, Gabriela Santos-Antonio, Paúl Hinojosa, Juan Pablo Aparco","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13662","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.13662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgroud: </strong>Motivation for the study. Chronic child malnutrition (CCM) remains a critical problem, especially in regions such as Huancavelica and Loreto. The specific factors that affect children during their first year of life are not fully understood, in spite of existing programs aimed at this issue. Main findings. Being male, bottle feeding, and using polluting fuels were identified as factors that increase the risk of CCM, while attending six or more prenatal checkups and receiving support from the JUNTOS program help prevent it. Factors such as maternal language and limited maternal participation also play a role. Implications for public health. These findings highlight the need for policies that strengthen prenatal care, promote healthy feeding practices, and empower mothers in decision-making.</p><p><strong>Objective.: </strong>To determine the factors associated with chronic child malnutrition (CCM) in two Peruvian regions: Huancavelica and Loreto.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods.: </strong>We analyzed four repeated cross-sectional evaluations nested in a prospective cohort of children treated in primary healthcare facilities. Data was collected on the characteristics of the child, the mother and the household, including anthropometric information, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and socioeconomic conditions. A generalized linear model was used to calculate the prevalence ratios (PR) for each of the four quarterly evaluations of the cohort (3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th months).</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>Factors such as male sex, bottle feeding and the use of polluting fuels were associated with a higher risk of CCM, on the other hand, having six or more prenatal check-ups and being a beneficiary of the JUNTOS program acted as protective factors. Mothers who did not speak Spanish as their native language, who worked or studied, or who had limited participation in family decisions, were also at higher risk of CCM. In addition, we identified unexpected associations, such as food insecurity acting as a protective factor, reflecting possible biases or confounding effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.: </strong>Our findings highlight the importance of addressing inequalities in prenatal care, dietary practices, and mothers' participation in household decision-making to prevent CCM in vulnerable contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 1","pages":"14-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Auramine-Rhodamine staining techniques in the detection of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.","authors":"Gustavo Tapia-Sequeiros, Miguel Hueda-Zavaleta, Juan Carlos Gómez de la Torre, Arantsa Hernandez-Vargas, Claudia Barletta-Carrillo, Cinthya Flores, Cristian Piscoche, Cecilia Miranda, Ada Mendoza","doi":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.14062","DOIUrl":"10.17843/rpmesp.2025.421.14062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motivation for the study. Peru has a high prevalence of tuberculosis, therefore, it is necessary to use diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity to adequately identify cases and provide timely treatment. Main findings. Our results indicate that, when comparing the smear microscopy techniques commonly used in Peru with the molecular tests recommended by the WHO, direct microscopy techniques show low sensitivity, less than 50%, but high specificity, greater than 95%. Implications for public health. It is necessary to evaluate the implementation and associated costs of new rapid diagnostic alternatives that have adequate capacity to identify the majority of tuberculosis cases.</p><p><strong>Objective.: </strong>To determine the diagnostic performance of Ziehl-Neelsen and Auramine-Rhodamine staining for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods.: </strong>This was a cross-sectional diagnostic test study. We used a database of processed samples from patients with suspected pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a private laboratory in Peru between 2011 and 2022. Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Auramine-Rhodamine staining were the index tests. The reference tests were Xpert MTB/RIF and Xpert Ultra. The receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve (AUC/ROC) were calculated to determine the diagnostic performance of each staining technique.</p><p><strong>Results.: </strong>We analyzed 908 samples processed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining and 623 samples by Auramine-Rhodamine staining, most were lung tissue samples. Using the Xpert MTB/RIF as a reference test, the Ziehl-Neelsen staining obtained an AUC=0.72, a sensitivity of 44.2% and specificity of 99.3%; and Auramine-Rhodamine staining showed an AUC=0.73, a sensitivity of 46.8% and specificity of 100%. Considering the Xpert Ultra test as a reference, the diagnostic performance for Ziehl-Neelsen showed an AUC=0.63 with a sensitivity of 26.9% and specificity of 98.5%; and an AUC=0.64 with a sensitivity of 30% and specificity of 98.2% for the Auramine-Rhodamine staining.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.: </strong>The diagnostic performance for both staining techniques is fair, and decreases when taking Xpert Ultra as a reference. New diagnostic alternatives with adequate performance are needed to detect tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":53651,"journal":{"name":"Revista Peruana de Medicina de Experimental y Salud Publica","volume":"42 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144276640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}