Journal of Burma Studies最新文献_第7页

Counting to 37: Sir Richard Carnac Temple and the Thirty-Eighth Nat 数到37:理查德·卡纳克·坦普尔爵士和第三十八世纪

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0010

Sally Bamford

{"title":"Counting to 37: Sir Richard Carnac Temple and the Thirty-Eighth Nat","authors":"Sally Bamford","doi":"10.1353/jbs.2019.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2019.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Burma's nats have formed part of that country's spiritual and material culture for centuries, and first came to the attention of the West via traveler and colonial memoirs. The most notable of these such accounts is undoubtedly Sir Richard Carnac Temple's The Thirty-Seven Nats: A Phase of Spirit-Worship Prevailing in Burma, published in 1906 and still cited by scholars today.This article argues that the reliance by Western (and some Burmese) authors on Temple's book has led to several misconceptions concerning the nats. These include, for example, that the pantheon known in the West as \"The Thirty-Seven Nats\" is a royal pantheon constituted by Anawrahta in the 11th century, under the leadership of Thakya Min (Sakka), in order to enfold the nats into Buddhism. Yet primary sources, including Burmese court documents, paint a much fuller picture of the nats, detailing three separate pantheons of 37. Each pantheon contains very different types of nat, each of which played a specific role throughout Burma's history.Following a clarification of these pantheons, this paper draws on extant primary sources to suggest a different interpretation of the \"Thirty-Seven Nats\" and their role vis-à-vis Burma's kings. The source material available to R.C. Temple is also considered, which reveals significant information which Temple overlooked when writing his book. This led, in turn, to wrongly identified illustrations included in his book, which obscured the identity of a \"Thirty-Eighth Nat.\" These errors have also had an impact on how one of the most prominent nats is depicted in more recent publications.","PeriodicalId":53638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Burma Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jbs.2019.0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43495620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thinking Through Heterogeneity: An Anthropological Look at Contemporary Myanmar 透过异质性思考:当代缅甸的人类学视角

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-12-13 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0012

F. Robinne

引用次数: 7

Editor's Note 编者按

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0000

J. Ferguson

引用次数: 0

Thrice-Honored Sangharaja Saramedha (1801-1882): Arakan-Chittagong Buddhism across Colonial and Counter-Colonial Power 三次获得Sangharaja Saramedha（1801-1882）：跨越殖民和反殖民势力的吉大港佛教

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0002

D. Barua

{"title":"Thrice-Honored Sangharaja Saramedha (1801-1882): Arakan-Chittagong Buddhism across Colonial and Counter-Colonial Power","authors":"D. Barua","doi":"10.1353/jbs.2019.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2019.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Arakanese monk Sangharaja Saramedha (1801–82) received titles from the British colonial government in 1846, Chittagong's Chakma court in 1857, and the Burmese kingdom in 1868. Highlighting Sangharaja Saramedha's importance in understanding the cross-border history of Buddhism in the Arakan-Chittagong region, this paper lays out the politics of these state titles to the same monk. It argues that the British colonial and the Burmese counter-colonial states invoked the image of or even projected themselves as, the mahādhammarāja (great righteous ruler) to advance their colonial and anti-colonial political agendas. In between these expanding and contracting empires, the colonized ruler Rani Kalindi of the Chittagong Hill Tracts employed the same Arakanese monk to avert the most consequential of all colonial interventions for the Chakma court: the colonial hill-plain separation of Chittagong and dividing the hills into three regions. Rani Kalindi's title to the monk stood as a response to the colonial Bengali-Arakanese ethnic discourse, the underlying force of the colonial hill-plain separation. Rani Kalindi could not forestall the 1860 hill-plain separation nor the resulting emergence of the Arakanese Buddhists as a distinct hill people who extracted the place, people, and properties that the Chakma court had hitherto enjoyed. Nevertheless, she contributed tremendously to the mid-nineteenth century Buddhist reformation in Chittagong that still reverberates in Chittagong and wider Bengal as the legacy of Sangharaja Saramedha.","PeriodicalId":53638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Burma Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jbs.2019.0002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44626990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Smoke, No Fire 有烟无火

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0005

Richard M. Cooler

{"title":"Smoke, No Fire","authors":"Richard M. Cooler","doi":"10.1353/jbs.2019.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2019.0005","url":null,"abstract":"A posting on Facebook provides an unexpected addition to the publication of “A Buddha Image for Exorcism,” The Journal of Burma Studies 20, no. 2 (2016): 335–372. The journal article established the identity and manner in which a noncanonical Buddha image was most likely created and used by Buddhist wizards (weikza). These conclusions are now corroborated and expanded by photographs, a video clip, and a note posted by Hla Than Aung (www.facebook.com/ aung.hlathan/posts/1754717078153948; Posted: 9 September 2017; Accessed: 18 February 2019). The image on Facebook, reportedly used especially for exorcism, is clearly akin to that in the Burma Art Collection, Northern Illinois University (NIU), although it is more recently and crudely cast in a silver-colored metal rather than bronze. The iconography and dress are alike: the standing image holds a myrobalan fruit in each hand, the left hand extended forward; the right, not left, shoulder is covered by the robe (the sanghati robe is not indicated); there are four (instead of nine) sa, da, ba, wa “in” or cabalistic squares on the chest and back and on both palms; bits along the inner margin of the middle finger on the right hand are missing (deliberately removed?); the hair of both figures resembles a cap, and on the internet image there may be an addition to the original; a wide belt girds the figure and there is a “relic” or “philosopher stone” pellet inside. Hla Than Aung notes:","PeriodicalId":53638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Burma Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jbs.2019.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43407189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research as Strategy: Reactivating Mythologies and Building a Collective Memory in Wah Nu and Tun Win Aung's The Name (2008-) 以研究为策略:《华女与敦温昂的名字》中神话的重新激活与集体记忆的建构(2008-)

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0003

Caroline Ha Thuc

引用次数: 0

Bottom-Up Explorations: Locating Rule of Law Intermediaries after Transition in Myanmar 自下而上的探索：缅甸转型后法治中介机构的定位

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0004

Kristina Simion

引用次数: 0

Constitutionalism and Legal Change in Myanmar ed. by Andrew Harding (review) 缅甸的宪政与法律变革安德鲁·哈丁主编(评论)

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0007

Elliott Prasse-Freeman

引用次数: 0

Imperial Intoxication: Alcohol and the Making of Colonial Indochina by Gerard Sasges (review) 《帝国灌醉：酒精与中印殖民地的形成》，作者：Gerard Sasges（评论）

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0006

Luke Corbin

引用次数: 0

Making Merit, Making Civil Society: Free Funeral Service Societies and Merit-Making in Contemporary Myanmar 创造功德，创造公民社会:当代缅甸的免费殡葬服务社团与功德创造

Journal of Burma Studies Pub Date : 2019-10-03 DOI: 10.1353/jbs.2019.0001

Mu‐Lung Hsu

{"title":"Making Merit, Making Civil Society: Free Funeral Service Societies and Merit-Making in Contemporary Myanmar","authors":"Mu‐Lung Hsu","doi":"10.1353/jbs.2019.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2019.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the role of Free Funeral Service Societies in informing ongoing changes in Burmese society in two aspects: economy of merit and civil society. This article shows how Free Funeral Service Societies supersede existing neighborhood mutual-aid associations in providing funeral services, thus creating an emerging civil society space in which to imagine social goodness through charitable giving and voluntary social work, as a form of merit-making practice, intended to alleviate suffering. This article argues that Free Funeral Service Societies have created and provided institutionalized access to a laicized economy of merit. This laicized economy of merit focuses on the role of laypersons in social welfare provision for the general public, rather than the ritual exchange between lay donors and monastic recipients central to the conventional practice of merit-making. As Free Funeral Service Societies have upheld and promoted a non-exclusive approach to social welfare provision that does not discriminate on the basis of race and religion, a socially-inclusive ethos has been growing. Free Funeral Service Societies have become a location for interfaith collaboration where individuals and organizations both with Buddhist and non-Buddhist affiliations can engage in moral cultivation and liberation through provision of social welfare for the public. This article argues that Free Funeral Service Societies are creating a civil society in the making that transcends and encompasses long-existing ethnic and religious divisions in Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":53638,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Burma Studies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/jbs.2019.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66395172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4