COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL最新文献

{"title":"Early activation in cochlear implantation: the patient's perspective.","authors":"Allison Biever, Grayson A Bishop, Weston J Adkins, J Eric Lupo, David C Kelsall","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2502703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2502703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Early cochlear implant activation has been established as safe and effective. The purpose of this study is to assess the patient's perspective on their early activation experience.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A custom, 6-item questionnaire was administered to both adults and parents of pediatric patients who were activated within seven days of their surgery as part of their standard cochlear implant care. The questionnaire included four quantitative, Likert-style and two qualitative, open-ended questions about their activation experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 30 adult and three pediatric participants. Quantitative results showed that all participants (100%) found next-day activation convenient, with 94% preferring it over the traditional two-week wait. Most (79%) were surprised by the possibility of early activation, and nearly all (97%) would recommend it to others. Parents of pediatric patients echoed these sentiments, with all finding next-day activation convenient and preferable. Qualitative analysis revealed six themes: reduced travel burden, benefit of hearing sooner, general positive comments, recovery, support, and positive psychological impact. Suggested improvements are detailed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study establishes that adult and pediatric patients who underwent early activation demonstrate benefit from and preference for early activation. Patients benefitted from reduced travel burden, earlier access to hearing in the implanted ear, and positive psychological impacts, pointing to the need to consider broad application of early activation, tailored to individual patient preferences and circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical technique protocol for cochlear implantation in post-meningitic ossified cochlea.","authors":"Sunil Narayan Dutt, Aanchal Aggarwal Mittal, Sumit Kumar Gaur, Apurva Kumar","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2524953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2524953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Labyrinthitis ossificans is a known complication of bacterial meningitis which results in severe to profound hearing loss. Historically, labyrinthitis ossificans was considered a contraindication for cochlear implantation. However, with advances in technology, cochlear implantation is an accepted treatment for hearing loss in labyrinthitis ossificans.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>17 cases with varying degrees of ossification in the cochlea were evaluated and treated at our tertiary referral hospital and cochlear implantation center out of a total of 832 profoundly deaf patients evaluated from January 2007 to June 2023. The etiology, radiology, intra-operative findings and treatment protocols followed in these patients are discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15 of the 17 patients could successfully be implanted with a cochlear implant, while two were referred to another center for Auditory Brainstem Implantation. The degree/grade of ossification decided the available cochlear lumen for implantation and hence the surgical approach and choice of the electrode.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A protocol for the order of choice of electrode and site of insertion in various cases of labyrinthitis ossificans depending on the degree of ossification is proposed. In the order of preference, it would be thus: 1. Cochlear implantation with the active electrode in the scala tympani of the basal turn; 2. Electrode in the scala vestibuli of the basal turn; 3. Anterograde insertion of the implant from the second turn; 4. Retrograde insertion of the implant from the second turn; 5. Insertion of a split array electrode and finally 6. Auditory brainstem implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144561952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of early access to language: theory of mind in school-aged children with cochlear implants.","authors":"Kristina Burum, Björn Lyxell, Simon Sundström","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2523703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2523703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the theory of mind (ToM) understanding in early implanted school-aged children in Norway, comparing their performance to that of typically developing (TD) peers, and considering age at implantation and hearing age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve 8-12-year-old children, who received cochlear implants (CI) before 18 months of age, were recruited. Ten of them were included in early speech-language and listening intervention. The control group comprised 22 TD peers. All children underwent tests evaluating cognitive and affective ToM. Bayesian methods were used to examine group differences in cognitive and affective ToM, and the relationships between ToM variables and implantation and hearing age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The children with CI were more likely to perform comparably to TD peers on both affective and cognitive ToM, than differing from them. The relationship between affective ToM and implantation age was more likely to be present than absent, while a converse correlation pattern was found for cognitive ToM and implantation and hearing age. The relationship between affective ToM and hearing age was inconclusive, suggesting more data is needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the importance of early implantation in supporting ToM progress, aligning with the sensitive period account. Missing the sensitive period for optimal ToM development could lead to lasting ToM developmental gaps. Therefore, to minimize potential delays, it might be essential to provide CI and speech-language and listening intervention early in life. These measures facilitate the social interactions with caregivers that are critical for fostering ToM development.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auditory perception and speech recognition outcomes in Syrian refugee children with cochlear implants.","authors":"Hüseyin Deniz","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2518846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2518846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Limited studies have examined the prevalence of hearing loss among Syrian refugees living in Turkey, where it is anticipated to be higher compared to the general population. 430,148 Syrian refugees live in Gaziantep province, where this study was conducted. This study aimed to examine the auditory perception, word and sentence comprehension, and speech recognition outcomes of Syrian refugee children who underwent cochlear implantation (CI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Among 960 individuals who underwent CI surgery between August 2015 and April 2023, 135 (14.6%) were Syrian refugee children. The Arabic version of the Evaluation of Auditory Responses to Speech (EARS) test battery was used to assess language development and auditory perception levels of the Syrian refugees.</p><p><strong>Studysample: </strong>Data on auditory perception and speech recognition from 30 Syrian refugee children with CI were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CI was performed in Syrian refugee children at an average age of 39.57 ± 17.56 months. Findings of the study showed that the socioeconomic conditions of the Syrian refugee group were quite limited, with 93.33% of participants not receiving regular special education. It was observed that the age of access to CI was delayed for Syrian refugee children. EARS test scores for Syrian refugee CI users were significantly lower than normative values (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite using CIs, many Syrian refugee children demonstrated lower-than-expected performance in auditory and language development, likely owing to socioeconomic disadvantages, lack of access to special education, and delayed implantation. These findings highlight the need for early diagnosis, timely implantation, and effective rehabilitation programs for refugee children.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caring for a child with a cochlear implant: A narrative review of the challenges, needs, and potential digital options for parents of children with cochlear implants.","authors":"Dilshan Delgama, Karyn Galvin, Kathleen Gray, Jaime Leigh","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2520674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2520674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this narrative review is to understand the challenges faced by, and needs of, parents of children who are cochlear implant candidates or recipients according to parent reports. Additionally, it seeks to identify potential digital interventions that could provide meaningful support for this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted across three key areas: challenges faced by parents, parental needs, and current digital interventions. Relevant studies were reviewed, and key themes were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 131 studies were included in the review. There were 25 studies exploring pre-implantation challenges, 30 studies exploring post-implantation challenges, 27 studies exploring parental needs and 58 studies exploring existing digital interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parents face significant challenges during both the pre-implantation and post-implantation stages. Pre-implantation challenges include fears about the surgical risks and outcomes, financial costs, choosing a communication modality for their child, stigma, and delays in referrals to services. Post-implantation challenges primarily relate to managing expectations, cochlear implant device maintenance, education, long-term costs and the social implications of the cochlear implant for the child. Parental needs during both stages include information and support from peers. Existing digital interventions for parents of children with health conditions, such as online support groups, mobile health apps, and telemedicine services, show promise for addressing these needs and could be adapted for parents navigating the cochlear implantation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144509411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The benefit of bilateral cochlear implants in adults with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Manohar Bance, Maria Costales Marcos, Jérémie Guignard, Wendy Huinck, Matthijs Killian, Vikte Lionikaite, Hafsa Quadri, Kim Rand, Ville Sivonen","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2516932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2516932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To perform a systematic literature review (SLR) on hearing and quality-of-life (QoL) benefits of bilateral versus unilateral cochlear implants (CIs) in adults with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and to quantify benefits through a meta-analysis when feasible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane were searched from January 2005-June 2022. Eligible studies presented effectiveness of CIs and/or QoL of adult CI users. Articles that presented numerical point estimates for, or numerical difference between, bilateral and unilateral CI, and measures of uncertainty were considered for meta-analysis, with data analyzed using fixed- and random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five articles were included. There was a trend of significant improvement with bilateral CIs in sound localization and binaural redundancy. A meta-analysis confirmed statistically significant benefits in speech perception (in quiet, 12.6 percentage point [95% confidence interval: 7.1, 18.1] improvement; in noise, improvement in speech reception threshold of 1.5 dB signal-to-noise ratio [-1.5 dB; 95% confidence interval: -2.5, -0.4]). There were beneficial trends of bilateral CIs regarding head-shadow effect and binaural release from masking. Significant improvements in hearing-specific QoL were observed; generic QoL was mostly unchanged.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Bilateral CIs provide audiological benefit over unilateral CI, resulting in hearing-specific QoL improvements. Lack of changes in generic QoL may reflect that instrument domains are insensitive to hearing-related changes when going from unilateral to bilateral CIs. Meta-analyses could not be performed for all hearing and QoL outcomes owing to variability in methodologies across studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings should be used to inform clinical decision-making to ensure the best outcomes for adults with bilateral SNHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra and postoperative electrocochleography in cochlear implant recipients: retrospective chart review.","authors":"Leonardo Elías Ordóñez Ordóñez, Esther Sofia Angulo Martinez, Silvia Carolina Vanegas, Estefany Catherine Hernández, Eduardo Peroza Fuentes, Robert T Dwyer, Ana Claudia Martinho-Carvalho","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2515703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2515703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of the study was (1) to retrospectively analyze ECochG data and compare it with the current literature. (2) to explore the relationship between ECochG and post-op audiological assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included all patients with intraoperative and postoperative ECochG measurements and postoperative audiologic testing. ECochG were performed during CI insertion regardless of the preoperative hearing status. Preoperative and postoperative assessments were extracted from the medical records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 patients (42 ears) met the inclusion criteria. Intra-op ECochG response was measurable in 17 of 42 ears (40.5%). The mean peak amplitude found was 103.3 µvolts. The type of electrode array was not associated with the ECochG amplitude (<i>p</i> = .630). Post-op ECochG thresholds were significantly correlated with behavioral thresholds after a month of CI implantation (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ECochG responses were measurable in individuals with mean preop pure tone thresholds of 66 dB HL at 250 Hz, 77 dB HL at 500 Hz, 84 dB HL at 1 kHz and 92 dB HL at 2kHz. The type of electrode was not associated with the ECochG peak nor with greater preservation of residual hearing. Post-op ECochG thresholds were significantly correlated with post-op thresholds.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of prematurity on cochlear implant outcomes: A case-control study.","authors":"Idit Tessler, Yehonatan Adler, Nir A Gecel, Noam Symon, Ziva Yakir, Yael Henkin, Yisgav Shapira, Eldar Carmel, Amit Wolfovitz","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2494922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2494922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite a higher prevalence of hearing loss in preterm-born infants, cochlear implantation (CI) outcome remains underexplored in this unique subpopulation. We aimed to compare long-term hearing outcomes between preterm- and term-born infants undergoing CI and identify prognostic factors of hearing outcomes among preterm infants post-CI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case-control study compared preterm infants (study group) with two control groups who underwent CI: One group of term infants was matched for hearing loss etiology and the other group was comprised of term infants with a genetic etiology [connexin-26 (GJB2)], the benchmark for favorable CI outcomes. Subgroup analyses were based upon birth weight and gestational age. Primary outcomes included long-term speech reception threshold (SRT) and monosyllabic word identification (HAB) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 161 implanted ears were included: 35 (22%) in the study group, 63 (39%) in the etiology-matched control group, and 63 (39%) in the GJB2 group. SRT was significantly lower in the GJB2 group compared to the study group (<i>p</i> = 0.007) but not between the study and the etiology-matched control group (<i>p</i> = 0.79). HAB scores were comparable among the three groups. A subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in word identification by birth weight, particularly in the <1000 g group. A linear mixed model analysis indicated significant improvements in HAB scores over time for all groups (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), with comparable HAB progress (<i>p</i> = 0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that prematurity does not significantly impact speech perception outcomes among CI recipients. Low birth weight in preterm infants, however, emerged as a negative prognostic factor for language perception outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reading abilities of adolescents with cochlear implants: the role of early speech perception in a longitudinal study.","authors":"Lisa S Davidson, Ann E Geers, Rosalie M Uchanski","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2507477","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2507477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine reading skills of adolescents who use cochlear implants (CIs) and who were implanted early. Three questions are asked: (1) Do these pediatric CI recipients read at age-appropriate levels at adolescence, as they had done at elementary-ages (Grantham et al. [2022]. Effects of segmental and suprasegmental speech perception on reading in pediatric cochlear implant recipients. <i>Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research</i>, <i>65</i>(9), 3583-3594. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00035 )? (2) Are the previously documented effects of early segmental and suprasegmental speech perception on elementary-age reading skills obtained for adolescent reading skills? (3) Do the effects on adolescent reading differ for early speech perception versus elementary-age speech perception?</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Eighty-six orally educated children with a mean age of CI of 2 years completed a standardized reading comprehension test at elementary ages (7-11 years) and at adolescent ages (11-16 years). They completed speech perception tests when they were 5-9 years old (early) and again at 7-11 years of age (elementary-age). Reading comprehension scores from elementary and adolescent ages were compared, and the effects of early and elementary-age speech perception on adolescent reading were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean reading passage comprehension standard score was within the normative range for typically hearing age-mates at both elementary-age and adolescent testing. Early suprasegmental speech perception was the only significant speech perception predictor of adolescent reading skills, after controlling for demographic and audiological variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data bolster the recent literature reporting good reading skills, on average, for children who received early CIs and highlight the long-term benefits of good early suprasegmental speech perception skills. Both segmental and suprasegmental perception should be included in audiological candidacy criteria and educational intervention for children with CIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12219913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryoablation of the superficial cervical plexus for post cochlear implantation lesser occipital neuralgia.","authors":"Gabriel Ricardo Lichtenstein, Basher Mwassi, Amit Wolfovitz, Michelle Nigri Levitan, Ofir Morag, Yisgav Shapira","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2025.2491918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2025.2491918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective and importance: </strong>Chronic pain following cochlear implantation (CI) is a notable complication that can lead to device explantation. This case report describes the successful treatment of post-CI lesser occipital neuralgia using cryoablation of the superficial cervical plexus (SCP).</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>A 25-year-old female patient developed localized pain following CI reimplantation, presenting with allodynia and dysesthesia in the left lesser occipital nerve distribution. After a positive diagnostic SCP block providing temporary relief, ultrasound-guided cryoablation was performed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The procedure resulted in complete pain resolution and anesthesia in the distribution of the lesser occipital, greater auricular, and transverse cervical nerves. While pain recurrence occurred after seven months necessitating repeat treatment, the intervention proved to be a safe and effective management strategy for post-CI neuralgia. This case demonstrates that SCP cryoablation may offer a viable, minimally invasive solution for patients experiencing post-CI neuralgic pain, with the potential for repeated applications as needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}