COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL最新文献

{"title":"Effects of inner ear malformations on auditory perception and language development in cochlear implant users.","authors":"Hüseyin Deniz","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2656145","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2656145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Inner ear malformations (IEMs) represent a major structural cause of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. This study aimed to examine the impact of IEM subtype on auditory perception and language development outcomes in pediatric cochlear implant (CI) users.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A total of 51 children with IEMs who underwent cochlear implantation were included. Of these, 12 (23.5%) had an incomplete partition type 1 (IP-1), 21 (41.2%) had incomplete partition type 2 (IP-2), 11 (21.6%) had enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA), and seven (13.7%) had cochlear aperture abnormalities.</p><p><strong>Study sample: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, auditory perception and language development were assessed in pediatric CI users with different types of IEM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of implantation was 37.29 ± 23.24 months, and the mean age at language assessment was 112.84 ± 38.67 months. Significant differences in auditory and language test scores were observed among the IEM subgroups (P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IEM subtype significantly influences auditory performance and language development outcomes in pediatric CI users. These anatomical differences should be considered during preoperative counseling and in the planning of postoperative rehabilitation. Notably, despite intergroup variability, all participants demonstrated measurable improvements in auditory perception and speech production following cochlear implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Listening and spoken language development in children with cochlear implants in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A 24-month follow-up study and influencing factors.","authors":"Beauty Hariz, Amany Tahon, Maram Alhedaithy, Mariam Alsaeed, Latifa Alkoheji, Toga Alharbi, Hasna'a Shathan, Ashwag Algahtani, Salam Orabi, Sabine El-Deek, Per Cayé-Thomasen, Lone Percy-Smith","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2650966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2026.2650966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to investigate the language and listening development of children with cochlear implants (CI) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region over 24 months. It seeks to identify factors influencing progress and the impact of challenges on CI outcomes, focusing on children without additional disabilities.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The project design is explorative, with a descriptive, longitudinal, ambispective analysis conducted across six hospitals in four GCC countries. Qualified speech and language therapists evaluated children diagnosed with prelingual severe to profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss who received CIs between 2018 and 2024. The Integrated Scales of Development (ISD) assessed progress in six developmental domains at five intervals (T0-T4). Data also included demographics, prior hearing aid use, and parental education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated significant improvements across all six developmental domains over the 24-month period, with median scores increasing consistently. Statistical analysis revealed a strong linear trend in development (<i>P</i> = 0.000). Children who received CIs earlier showed better outcomes, whereas prior hearing aid use did not significantly affect results. Parental education levels had no impact on developmental outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study underscores the importance of early cochlear implantation and ongoing auditory-focused intervention for enhancing listening and spoken language skills in children with CIs in the GCC. Despite significant progress, children did not fully match their hearing peers within the 24-month timeframe, suggesting the need for extended support.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147629160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance changes in a bilateral cochlear implant patient with Meniere's Disease and middle-ear dysfunction: a case study for programming considerations.","authors":"Joshua Sevier, Kara Houston, Elias Michaelides","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2648384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2026.2648384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Meniere's Disease (MD) may present as a complication in the hearing outcomes of patients with hearing loss who are treated with either hearing aids or cochlear implants (CI).<b>Objective:</b> This case study aims to highlight the course of treatment for MED as well as being inflicted by MD, which was discovered after transferring care from a private practice to an academic medical center for treatment of internal failure of her left device, as indicated by manufacturer recall.<b>Case Presentation:</b> This patient is a long-time user of bilateral cochlear implants who has experienced multiple fluctuations in performance, most notably in her dominant right CI. Pressure changes in patients with middle ear dysfunction (MED) may impact the programming levels.<b>Results:</b> The patient has shown significant improvement following substantial programming changes in her right CI. She has become more aware of Meniere's attacks and is utilizing available self-adjustment of current parameters. In doing so, she is able to improve her hearing status regardless of the presence of Meniere's attacks through programming changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional language performance outcomes on paediatric cochlear implant patients in Malawi.","authors":"D Selwyn, C H Raine, H Peebles, C Chabaluka, D Strachan","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2641341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2026.2641341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess functional language performance on paediatric cochlear implant patients in Malawi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen patients who received cochlear implantation before the age of 18 years from a single site were invited for an interview. Parents or guardians of twelve of these participated in the PEACH and BAPP questionnaires, whilst four others who had become adults answered independently. The PEACH scale is a 13-question survey with a maximum score of 52. The BAPP score has four domains with a total score of 16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients acquired profound hearing loss through either mumps, meningitis, malaria or a combination (15/16). The mean age of onset of profound deafness was 8.8 years of age (range = 4-16 years) and implantation was 10.6 years (range = 4-18 years). The mean 'Quiet Sounds' questions were 23.56/24 (<i>sd</i> +/-1.75) and 'Loud Sounds' were 27.06/28 (<i>sd</i> +/-1.57). The mean total PEACH score was 50.63/52 (<i>sd</i> +/-2.73). There was no correlation with age of implant and PEACH score. The BAPP score was 16/16 for each patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a very low socio-economic environment, this cohort shows cochlear implantation has a strong perceived benefit from the parents and guardians of post-lingually profoundly deaf children.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147437647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cochlear implantation in pediatric and young adult oncologic population: institutional experience and case-control analysis.","authors":"Aran Sullivan, Johnnie K Bass, Sarah E Warren, Thierry Morlet, Leyn Shakhtour, Emily Richardson, Mary Oliver Coppedge, Thomas E Merchant, Melissa M Hudson, Charles B Macdonald, Celine Richard","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2639211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2026.2639211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cochlear implant (CI) pathways are well established in the general population, but data on pediatric and young adult cancer survivors are limited. This study evaluated the feasibility and safety of cochlear implantation in this population, described demographic and clinical characteristics, examined timelines to hearing rehabilitation, and reported short-term outcomes and complications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective case-control study on patients aged 0-22 years with cancer-related hearing loss and matched peers who underwent CI between December 2010 and January 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight oncologic patients and 20 controls (37 implantations) were analyzed. All had bilateral progressive hearing loss. Except for three oncologic patients, all used bilateral hearing aids before implantation. The time from meeting candidacy criteria to CI was significantly longer in cases than controls (2.8 vs. 0.5 years; p = 0.004). Although most cases qualified for bilateral implants, only two received them. Five of eight oncologic patients demonstrated excellent CI use with good speech recognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pediatric and young adult oncology patients with limited benefit from hearing aids may be good candidates for cochlear implantation. Multidisciplinary care is essential to guide timely, evidence-based implantation in this population.</p><p><p>HighlightsCochlear implantation is safe and feasible in pediatric and young adult cancer survivors.This study presents the largest known case series of cochlear implantation in this population, demonstrating that the procedure is both technically safe and clinically beneficial for children and young adults with cancer-related hearing loss. Delayed rehabilitation and inconsistent hearing aid use are common in this populationMany patients experienced long delays, from the onset of hearing loss to cochlear implantation, and showed inconsistent preoperative hearing aid use, which may negatively impact long-term auditory and language outcomes. A multidisciplinary, individualized approach is critical for optimizing outcomesGiven the complexity of cancer treatment effects on the auditory system and developing brain, early and coordinated multidisciplinary care is essential to identify suitable candidates and determine optimal timing for cochlear implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147445942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audiologist perspectives on a regional telehealth model for cochlear implant follow-up care: a qualitative study.","authors":"Lauren R McCray, Pranav A Patel, Erin A Harvey, Theodore R McRackan, Elizabeth L Camposeo, Peter R Dixon","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2614862","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2614862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the perceived utility, challenges, and opportunities for improving a regional telehealth model for cochlear implant (CI) care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study involved a focus group with five CI audiologists at a tertiary care center. Participants discussed their experiences with a regional telehealth program that used seven satellite sites as part of an ongoing non-inferiority trial. The transcript was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Audiologists identified regional telehealth as beneficial for routine follow-ups, troubleshooting, and reducing travel burden. Visits were shorter and more convenient for patients and providers. Challenges included difficulty communicating with patients who had cognitive or auditory limitations, limited capacity for remote troubleshooting and device handling, and lack of audiometric testing. Site variability in equipment and room acoustics also affected care quality. Participants recommended improving audiovisual infrastructure, standardizing site setups, integrating interpreter and captioning services, and expanding reimbursement. While certain populations posed greater challenges, regional telehealth was viewed as beneficial for mitigating geographic access barriers without the technological requisites for home-based telehealth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Audiologists perceived regional telehealth as a valuable adjunct to traditional CI care for improving access in underserved areas. Addressing infrastructure and workflow limitations may enhance effectiveness and support broader adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145971544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient barriers to adult cochlear implantation: a systematic review of literature.","authors":"Michelle Le, Colleen Psarros, Jaime Leigh, Richard B Anderson, Bojana Šarkić","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2635183","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2635183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cochlear implantation among adults remains disproportionately low compared with paediatric populations. This systematic review identified and synthesised the patient-related barriers that limit access to and uptake of cochlear implantation in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of English-language literature was performed from January 1st, 1990, to November 21st, 2025, using PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases. Twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, and findings were synthesised descriptively. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42024540401).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-five patient-related barriers were identified and grouped into four overarching themes: (1) uncertainties, fears, and beliefs, (2) knowledge and professional guidance, (3) system and organisational factors, and (4) psychosocial and practical support. Common barriers included fear of surgery and residual hearing loss, limited professional guidance, perceived financial burden, fragmented funding systems, and inadequate psychosocial support.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Adult cochlear implantation is limited by multifactorial barriers spanning psychological, informational, systemic, and social domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addressing these challenges requires coordinated strategies, including improved CI-specific education for healthcare professionals, clearer communication of funding options, standardised adult hearing screening programs, and integration of telehealth to reduce logistical burdens. Targeted interventions addressing fear, misinformation, and psychosocial support are essential to improve timely access and uptake of cochlear implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"136-148"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147328128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision-based object detection and tracking from surgical microscope video for augmented cochlear implant surgery.","authors":"Shayan Alvansazyazdi, Razeen Hussain, Jan Margeta, Manuela Chessa, Roger Calixto, Reda Kamraoui, Raabid Hussain, Fabio Solari","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2622144","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2622144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cochlear implants (CIs) have revolutionized the treatment of severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, with life-altering outcomes for patients. CI surgery requires the surgeon to delicately place an electrode array in the scala tympani of the cochlea, a procedure that often challenges surgeons due to the absence of visual guidance. In this work, we aim to develop a vision-based tracking strategy to track the movements of the patient and the surgical tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive object detection and tracking workflow tailored for temporal bone environments was developed by evaluating the performance of multiple object detection models, which were integrated with a modified BoT-SORT algorithm to enable accurate identification, segmentation, and tracking of surgical tools, electrodes, the surgeon's hands, and the patient's head across frames. The tracking strategy was trained and tested on both in-vivo and ex-vivo datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YOLOv9-based framework achieved the best performance with a mAP50 of 0.788 for detection and 0.762 for segmentation.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings highlight the promise of vision-based detection and tracking models in surgical settings, while also underscoring the challenges of translating performance from ex vivo to in vivo environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integrated YOLOv9 and BoT-SORT tracking system maintained stable identity preservation and trajectory consistency, demonstrating strong potential for real-world surgical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146088001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial recess size estimation using sagittal slices on cone-beam CT for cochlear implantation.","authors":"Taran Chaudhuri, Benjamin Silver, Ankit Patel, Hala Kanona","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2639212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2639212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate sagittal-plane cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a reliable method for estimating facial recess (FR) width, enabling preoperative assessment of posterior tympanotomy (PT) size in cochlear implantation without complex image reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Posterior tympanotomy provides the surgical corridor for cochlear implantation but carries risk of facial/chorda tympani nerve injury. Accurate preoperative imaging is essential for anticipating surgical difficulty. Although multiplanar and 3D reconstructions can estimate PT dimensions, these require additional technology. The sagittal plane may offer a more intuitive view aligned with the surgeon's operative perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of 100 adult cochlear implant candidates was conducted using a standardised CBCT temporal bone protocol. FR width was measured in the sagittal plane from the intraosseous chorda tympani to the second genu of the facial nerve. Measurements were compared with axial-plane values obtained by two consultant radiologists. Statistical analysis used a paired two-tailed t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant difference was found between sagittal and axial measurements (<i>p</i> = 0.3851, SEM = 0.02281). Measurements were consistent within 0.05 mm, demonstrating strong concordance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sagittal-plane CBCT offers a simple, reproducible, and widely accessible method for estimating PT size. It aligns radiological imaging with the surgeon's intraoperative perspective, improving preoperative planning and risk stratification in cochlear implantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"167-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of the cognitive Mini-Mental State Examination and the Stroop Color and Word Test in explaining variations in speech perception outcomes among adult cochlear implant users: A pilot study.","authors":"Sarah Meehan, Marloes L Adank, Maaike Bouwes Bavinck, Marja Lechner, Gertjan Dingemanse, André Goedegebure, Jantien L Vroegop","doi":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2626195","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14670100.2026.2626195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the potential of the internationally-renowned 'Mini-Mental State Examination' (MMSE) cognitive measure to explain variability in cochlear implant (CI) recipients' speech recognition outcomes. The Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) was also employed as a measure of cognitive inhibition, an ability essential for focusing on target speech whilst ignoring background noise. The authors hypothesize that MMSE and SCWT scores correlate with CI users' performance on established speech recognition tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cognitive screening was assessed by the MMSE and SCWT in adult CI users one year postoperatively. In addition, speech recognition was assessed using word and sentence lists, in both quiet and noise. Study sample: 28 participants, postlingually deafened adult CI users, median age 75 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total MMSE scores correlated significantly with sentence recognition in noise (r = 0.621, P = .004), although no correlation was identified in quiet. Furthermore, the SCWT incongruent condition correlated significantly with CI users' speech recognition in noise (r = -0.644, P = .007).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Global cognition (as assessed using the MMSE), and inhibition-concentration (as assessed using the SCWT), seem to be important factors in influencing CI recipients' speech intelligibility in noise. This pilot study recommends a larger-scale study; given the global popularity of the MMSE and SCWT as quick cognitive screening tests, they may be useful in CI clinics when speech perception outcomes are unexpectedly poor for older adults and when questions of cognition arise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These standardized cognitive measures may prove helpful in counseling patients and families when coming to terms with CI outcomes and optimizing multidisciplinary rehabilitation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":53553,"journal":{"name":"COCHLEAR IMPLANTS INTERNATIONAL","volume":" ","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146195725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}