Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii最新文献

{"title":"Current nutritional strategies for preterm infants with very low and extremely low birth weight","authors":"E. Sarkisyan, P. Shumilov, K. V. Nikogosyan, O. Khandamirova, T.G. Demyanova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-58-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-58-73","url":null,"abstract":"The growth rate of infants born preterm should match the growth rate of healthy fetuses of the same gestational age. However, despite many existing clinical guidelines and dietary protocols, preterm infants almost invariably experience postnatal growth restriction. To ensure optimal growth and development of preterm infants, it has become essential to revise nutritional strategies. For preterm infants with extremely low and very low birth weight, it is recommended to initiate parenteral nutrition within the first hours of life, as well as to initiate early enteral nutrition directly in the delivery room with mother’s colostrum using buccal and cotton swabs. If possible, to increase the volume of enteral nutrition, to enrich breast milk, preferably with liquid fortifiers and/or human milk-based fortifiers, and to optimize supplementation with additional minerals. This review presents the scientific rationale for nutrient requirements, practical recommendations and strategies for parenteral and enteral nutrition in preterm infants, current recommendations for initial and maximum macro- and micronutrient gestational requirements. Key words: parenteral nutrition, enteral nutrition, preterm infant, nutrients, micronutrients, breast milk fortifiers","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational programs: an effective mechanism for preventing and treating obesity","authors":"A. V. Pogozheva, I. Tarmaeva","doi":"10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-43-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-43-49","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of obesity and the burden of associated diseases are constantly increasing in populations around the world. The treatment and prevention of obesity today include changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns to reduce body weight, as well as the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The development and implementation of educational programs are important means of preventing and treating obesity, aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle and optimizing nutrition. The Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Research Centre of Nutrition and Biotechnology” has developed many educational programs in the field of healthy nutrition, including the prevention and treatment of obesity, both for specialists and for the public. Comprehensive educational programs that involve dietary and psychological aspects have demonstrated particularly high efficiency in correcting nutritional status and eating behavior in obese people. Key words: obesity, body mass index, nutrition, eating behavior, educational program","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75551708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Gut microbiota universe” – diversity of functions: a modern view","authors":"E. Kornienko","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-30-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-30-39","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an up-to-date review of the literature describing the functions of the gut microbiota and its interaction with the host. The gut microbiota has an important metabolic function, including energetic. The main metabolites of the healthy microbiota are short-chain fatty acids, which play energetic, anti-inflammatory, tolerogenic and anticarcinogenic roles. Microbial metabolites of tryptophan contribute to the nervous system formation and immunological tolerance. The spectrum of vitamins synthesized by the gut microbiota depends on the host enterotype. The protective function of the gut microbiota includes colonization resistance, strengthening of the intestinal barrier and direct interaction with almost all components of innate and adaptive immunity with the ultimate goal to develop immunological tolerance. Understanding the functional role of the normal gut microbiota can underlie the prevention of many diseases in modern times. Key words: gut microbiota, metabolism, immunity","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypocholesterolemia: an important symptom of rare diseases","authors":"S. Polyakova, P. Shumilov","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-70-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-70-80","url":null,"abstract":"Hypocholesterolemia is an important symptom that may indicate the presence of severe hereditary metabolic disease or acquired secondary pathology. This lecture discusses the criteria for hypocholesterolemia in children, issues of cholesterol metabolism and its disorders, and the most common causes of hypocholesteremia. Issues of pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment of cholesterol synthesis disorders (Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome) and abetalipoproteinemia are considered in detail, and clinical cases of patients with these diseases are presented. Key words: hereditary metabolic diseases, hypocholesterolemia, Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome, abetalipoproteinemia","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in children with biliary atresia","authors":"M. Isaeva, А. Degtyareva, E. A. Filippova, A. Sugak, E. Tumanova, N. S. Korchagina, A. Razumovsky, N. Kulikova, E. A. Gordeeva, M. Albegova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-31-41","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To identify non-invasive laboratory and ultrasound markers of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in children with biliary atresia. Patients and methods. This retrospective study enrolled 166 children who underwent the Kasai procedure for biliary atresia. Intraoperative liver biopsy followed by histological examination of the biopsy specimen was performed in all children. According to the results of morphological analysis, patients were divided into two groups: group I included 108 children with moderate fibrosis (F0–2), group II – 58 children with severe liver fibrosis/cirrhosis (F3–4). Prior to surgery, patients underwent a comprehensive examination, which included laboratory parameters (platelets, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cholinesterase, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, fibrinogen, international normalized ratio, thrombin time, prothrombin index, APRI and AAR indices), and Doppler ultrasound. Results. The correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant, direct, very strong correlation between the degree of fibrosis and patient age at the time of biopsy (ρ = 0.805; p < 0.001), APRI index (ρ = 0.827; p = 0.001), and the hepatic artery diameter (ρ = 0.794, p = 0.042). The correlation between the degree of liver fibrosis and spleen length was statistically significant, direct, and of marked strength (ρ = 0.686; p = 0.010). There was a statistically significant, direct, notably strong correlation between the hepatic artery resistive index (RI) (ρ = 0.639; p = 0.05) and hepatic artery diameter-to-portal vein diameter ratio (HAD-to-PVD ratio) (ρ = 0.683, p = 0.047). The dependence of the probability of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis severity on the values of APRI index was assessed using ROC curves. The AUC value was 0.792 ± 0.056 (95% CI: 0.76–0.88, p = 0.009). The APRI value at the cut-off point was 1.52: with an APRI >1.52 showing a high risk of severe liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and with lower values, the risk of severe fibrosis/cirrhosis was considered low. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 73.9 and 71.1%, respectively. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the significance of biochemical, ultrasound and Doppler parameters in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis/cirrhosis in children with biliary atresia. Key words: biliary atresia, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, APRI index","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic analysis of terms in dietetics: nutritional status and nutritional condition","authors":"A. B. Petukhov, V. Novodranova, D. Nikityuk","doi":"10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-50-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-50-53","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity of semantic analysis of the language of science is logically substantiated. The complexity and multi-level interpretation of definitions is demonstrated, as well as the need for linguistic description of terms in dietetics to achieve mutual understanding by specialists. Key words: language of science, nutritional science, dietetics, terminology, nutritional status, nutritional condition","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78294549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexitorianism: a tribute to fashion, a new dietary trend, or a perceived need?","authors":"A. Zavyalova, M.N. Kazikova, A.V. Masneva, D. Khranilova","doi":"10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2022-4-32-42","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of people are becoming adherents of vegetarian diets, namely, such a modern trend as flexitorianism. The main idea of the Flexitorians is to reduce the consumption of red meat as a condition for maintaining health. Most of the supporters of this trend are environmentally friendly youth. The main reasons for switching to this type of diet are environmental and social. This movement is trying to reduce the negative impact of the livestock and meat industry on the environment. Also, some people are driven not only by moral ideas, but also by the desire to conform to fashion. A number of studies are presented in terms of the filling of the grocery basket and the frequency of choosing products of animal and plant origin, both for themselves and for their children. The study of stereotypes of nutrition of children and adolescents in modern conditions is described. Data from studies of the feces microbiome of Fleckitorians and omnivores have shown a positive effect on the saprophytic flora of the Flexitorian diet. Key words: flexitorianism, microbiome, nutritional stereotypes","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89671173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic viral hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease","authors":"G. Volynets, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/2224-5448-2021-2-29-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2021-2-29-34","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a literature review devoted to the study of the problems of the combined course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), and chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) – chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The frequency of occurrence of CHB and CHC in IBD in different countries is presented, which ranges from 1 to 9%. The clinical course of these combined diseases, the possibility of reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) during immunosuppressive therapy are described. Recommendations on the specifics of examination and management of patients with combined pathology of IBD and CVH are presented. Conclusion. The combined pathology of IBD and CVH is a significant public health problem around the world that requires further large-scale study. The use of immunosuppressive therapy for IBD can be accompanied by the activation of HBV and HCV infection, therefore, the management of such patients should be individualized. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, chronic hepatitis B, chronic hepatitis C, immunosuppressive therapy","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic fermented dairy products – food or medication?","authors":"A. Khavkin, T. Kovtun, D. V. Makarkin, O. Fedotova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2021-3-58-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2021-3-58-68","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main strategies for preventing chronic diseases is a balanced diet from early childhood, with the inclusion of functional ingredients: dietary fiber, vitamins and vitamin-like compounds, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, prebiotics and probiotics. A combined enrichment of fermented dairy products with prebiotics and probiotics contributes to the summation of their positive effective influence. Adding prebiotics and probiotics to the diet leads to the change in the intestinal microbiota composition towards a more balanced structure, thereby increasing the intestinal barrier function and the formation of optimal immune interactions. The most commonly used in human nutrition is a combination of bifidobacteria or lactobacilli with fructo-oligosaccharides in synbiotic products. It is important that the microorganisms are safe, stable in storage and able to survive in the gastrointestinal tract. The use of probiotic fermented dairy products has a positive impact on child health: it has anti-infectious and immunomodulatory effects, helps to normalize the gastrointestinal motility. These statements are confirmed by controlled studies in which children aged 8 to 18 months, recovering from acute respiratory disease, for which antibiotic therapy was prescribed, included in the diet drinking yoghurts enriched with Bifidobacterium lactis BB12 and inulin for 3 months. The inclusion of yoghurts in the children’s diet helped to normalize the intestinal microbiota composition after antibiotic therapy, as well as to strengthen the immune system by stimulating the synthesis of protective factors – secretory immunoglobulin A and lysozyme. Key words: fermented dairy products, child nutrition, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, inulin, microbiota, functional foods, immune system, Bifidobacterium lactis BB12","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67714080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of a patient with isolated Crohn’s disease of the stomach","authors":"E. Trush, A. Ulyanin, A. Korolev, L.N. Androsova, P. Pavlov, O. Shifrin, A. Trukhmanov, E. Poluektova, A. S. Tertychnyy, S. S. Pirogov, V. Ivashkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2021-3-95-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2021-3-95-101","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn’s disease of the esophagus, stomach or duodenum is extremely rare and characterized by an aggressive disease course with a poor prognosis. Clinical symptoms of the upper gastrointestinal tract lesion are nonspecific, therefore esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy is necessary for the differential diagnosis. Crohn’s disease of the stomach is characterized by a specific endoscopic finding – bamboo-joint-like appearance of gastric folds. Granulomatous inflammation in morphological examination of gastric biopsies in patients with Crohn’s disease is rare, therefore endoscopic finding is more pathognomonic. This article presents a clinical case of a patient with isolated Crohn’s disease of stomach, differential diagnosis and treatment approaches of the disease. Key words: Crohn’s disease, Crohn’s disease with lesions of the stomach, gastroprotective agents, proton pump inhibitors, endoscopic sonography","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67714233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}