Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii最新文献

{"title":"Role of complementary foods in the development of children’s food preferences and nutritional status","authors":"N. Bogdanova, A. Khavkin, V. Novikova, K. A. Kravtsova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-50-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-50-57","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To evaluate the influence of different patterns of complementary feeding on the formation of nutritional behavior and nutritional status in children between 6 and 12 months old. Patients and methods. The study included 86 practically healthy children; the duration of observation was 10.65 ± 3.65 weeks. Children in the study group (n = 46) received only commercially produced complementary foods; children in the comparison group (n = 40) received both commercially produced and homemade foods. In the study group, parents accurately followed the recommendations on the order, timing, and amount of introduction of complementary foods. Tolerance and nutritional behavior were assessed using specially designed questionnaires. The dynamics of nutritional status against the background of complementary feeding were evaluated. Results. Most of the children tolerated the introduced complementary food products, both commercially produced and homemade, and had average parameters of physical development and nutritional status. Skin manifestations of food allergy (19.6% in the study group, 17.5% in the comparison group) to the following commercially produced complementary foods were revealed: dairyfree buckwheat porridge and any milk porridge, cauliflower, pumpkin, zucchini; and to homemade foods: fish, strawberries, pumpkin. Dyspepsia in the form of increased/decreased frequency of defecation was detected in 13 and 22.5% of children in the study group and comparison group, respectively. Uncontrolled introduction of complementary foods in the comparison group (early introduction of fruit or berry puree, milk porridge, cottage cheese) was accompanied by a 3.5-fold increase in the number of children with excess body weight during the observation period. Rapid substitution of one product with another when a child refused to eat the complementary food product did not allow a positive attitude towards new foods to be formed. In the study group, 10 (66.6%) out of 15 children with an initially negative attitude towards complementary foods agreed to eat the previously unpreferable product, in the comparison group – 1 child out of 4 (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The timing and order of introducing complementary foods is essential for children to develop proper eating behavior and optimal food preferences. Key words: food preferences, complementary foods, breastfeeding, eating behavior","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteria and viruses in breast milk","authors":"N. N. Smirnova, A. Khavkin, N. Kuprienko, V. Novikova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-74-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-74-82","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in sequencing technology have enabled more detailed analysis of breast milk that contributes to better understanding of microbiome composition and diversity, identifying several hundred species of bacteria. This review provides data on the characteristics of the breast milk microbiome, including the content of viruses, fungi, and archaea. The composition of milk viruses depends on the same conditions as the composition of bacteria. Bacteriophages form the main component of the breast milk virome. Data on the content of fungi and archaea are scarce. The study of the composition of breast milk is of practical importance, making it possible to bring the composition of artificial substitutes closer to the natural source of infant nutrition. Key words: microbiota, breast milk, microbiome, virome, archeome, mycobiome","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The content of essential nutrients in expanded gluten-free grains and its use in cereal bars for children","authors":"S. Urubkov, S. Khovanskaya, S. Smirnov","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-83-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-83-86","url":null,"abstract":"The objective. Determination of the content of main nutrients in expanded gluten-free grains for the purpose of its use in the development of grain bars for children over three years old. Materials and methods. The object of the study was the expanded grain of gluten-free crops: millet, rice, buckwheat, amaranth and quinoa. The study of the content of the main food substances was carried out by infrared spectroscopy. Results. As a result of the conducted studies, data were obtained on the content of the main nutrients: proteins, fats and carbohydrates, including mono- and disaccharides, as well as dietary fibers. The protein content in the expanded grain is in the range from 7.4 to 12.0%. A high level of protein content is noted in millet and buckwheat grains. The least amount of protein is found in rice. Fats are contained in the range from 1.1% (in rice) to 4.3% (in amaranth). The content of digestible carbohydrates in most of the studied samples of exposed gluten-free grains is at the level of 68.8–71.6%. The largest amount of carbohydrates is determined in the expanded grain of rice – 81.2%. In all the samples under consideration, there is a small amount of simple sugars – 1.3–2.1%. Indigestible carbohydrates are contained in the range from 2.9 to 8.1%, and the largest amount of them is contained in the amaranth grain. The calculation of the content of the main nutrients and the energy value of gluten-free cereal bars using the studied expanded grain was carried out. According to the data obtained, children over the age of three years consuming 100 g of gluten-free cereal bars on average will satisfy the daily need by 6.9%, including vegetable protein – by 19.6%; fats – 1.3%, carbohydrates – 23.1%, including dietary fiber – 7.3% and energy – 14.5%. Conclusion. The relatively high content of vegetable protein, carbohydrates, including dietary fiber, low content of simple sugars and fat in the expanded grain of the gluten-free crops under consideration, as well as the calculation of meeting the recommended daily needs of the child in main nutrients and energy indicate the prospects for the development of gluten-free products in the form of grain bars for children over three years old, which will contribute to safely improve the provision of grain-based nutrients to patients with various forms of gluten intolerance. Keywords: children over three years old, expanded grain, gluten intolerance, gluten-free products, grain bars","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body composition assessment in the study of physical development of children with atopic dermatitis","authors":"O. Sazonova, N. Migacheva, M. Nurdina, D. A. Rakcheeva, M. Gavryushin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-44-52","url":null,"abstract":"The physical development of children can be considered as a marker of nutritional adequacy. Atopic dermatitis often co-occurs with food allergies. Avoiding a range of foods can affect the physical development of the child. An important parameter characterizing the level of physical development and reflecting the child’s nutritional status is the body mass index (BMI). However, BMI does not always adequately assess the degree of fat deposition at the individual level. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a promising direction in the early diagnosis of changes in the body composition of the child before changes in anthropometric parameters appear. BIA allows for a rapid assessment of body composition, but reference BIA values for younger children are unknown. The phase angle serves as an indicator of the integrity of cell membranes and the total amount of fluid in the body. Reference values for the phase angle are necessary to estimate individual patient deviations in relation to the population average. However, as far as is known, these data are not available for children under five years of age. In this review, the authors consider the possibilities of various methods in assessing the physical development of children with atopic dermatitis. Key words: atopic dermatitis, bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical development","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kwashiorkor: pathophysiological aspects and solutions","authors":"L. D. Sorokina, E. Marchenko, A. Zavyalova, V. Novikova, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-71-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-71-80","url":null,"abstract":"Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition known since 1995. It is observed worldwide in regions with high levels of hunger and poverty, especially where the diet consists primarily of carbohydrate-rich foods. This pathology has been reported among hundreds of thousands of children in the world. The clinical presentation of kwashiorkor resembles the symptoms of essential amino acid deficiency, which suggests that not only protein malnutrition, but also disorders of the methionine cycle take part in the pathogenesis of the disease. The study of capillary ultrastructure has shown that edema is the result of increased permeability of microvessels to protein macromolecules, including albumin. Plasma proteins are usually retained in the intravascular space by the endothelial glycocalyx, damage to which leads to edema. Oxidative stress contributes to lower levels of vitamin E and glutathione. An imbalance between the levels of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants leads to mitochondrial damage, which reduces ATP production and impairs liver function. Mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP depletion together with nutrient deficiency may contribute to the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Three clinical parameters are used to assess the severity of kwashiorkor: mid-arm muscle circumference, body mass index, and the presence of localized symmetric edema. In the absence of timely treatment in the early stages, children may have serious complications, including shock, coma, physical and mental disorders. Normalization of physiological and metabolic functions in patients with kwashiorkor is a complex task. The three-step approach to treating children with severe protein-energy malnutrition recommended by the World Health Organization includes stabilization, rehabilitation, and recurrence prevention. The prognosis in the absence of treatment is unfavorable. Key words: protein-energy malnutrition, kwashiorkor, children","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual breast milk bank – a new reality","authors":"A. S. Petrova, M. V. Kondratyev, A.S. Gryzunova, V.A. Krasnova, N. I. Zakharova, S.N. Lavrentyev, V. L. Krikunova, E. Kondratyeva, N. Odinaeva, A. Khavkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-66-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-66-71","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding sick and premature infants, who are temporarily unable to receive milk directly from the mother’s breast, with expressed or frozen milk is currently a non-alternative method of raising a baby. Expressed milk (defrosted immediately or in 3–6 months) is microbiologically a safe food for infants, which is superior to infant formulas. Regulatory documents and methodological recommendations in the Russian Federation provide opportunities to create not only human milk banks, but also individual breast milk banks of each mother intended for her baby. Key words: babies, premature infants, breastfeeding, individual breast milk bank, pumping, breast pumps, storage technology","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactase deficiency in patients with cow’s milk protein allergy – an individual approach to choosing infant formulas","authors":"S. Makarova, A. Fisenko, A. Lebedeva","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-21-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-21-31","url":null,"abstract":"The similarity of clinical symptoms of lactase deficiency and cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA), as well as a frequent combination of these pathologies in the form of secondary hypolactasia against the background of CMPA often lead to under-diagnosis of CMPA and erroneous prescription of lactose-free and low-lactose formulas to children with food allergies. Children with the combination of CMPA and secondary lactase deficiency require complete elimination of milk protein from their diet and selection of extensively hydrolyzed or amino acid-based formulas in the absence or lack of breastfeeding. At the same time, exclusion of lactose from the child’s diet is not required in the absence of gastrointestinal manifestations of CMPA, and in the presence of secondary lactase deficiency against the background of CMPA, it is required only until gastrointestinal symptoms are relieved. Therefore, when remission of gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergies is achieved, it is recommended to transfer children to extensively hydrolyzed formulas containing lactose, since therapeutic formulas with lactose provide beneficial effects, including on the gut microbiota and fecal metabolome. This article presents a detailed analysis of literature and proposes an algorithm for individual selection of therapeutic formulas for children with CMPA, depending on clinical manifestations. Key words: cow’s milk protein allergy, amino acid-based formulas, extensively hydrolyzed formulas, children, lactase deficiency, infants, nutrition, food allergy","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67714951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in lipid peroxidation system during standard therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex","authors":"M. Darenskaya, L. V. Rychkova, S. Kolesnikov, O. Kravtsova, N. Semenova, A. Brichagina, L. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To reveal changes in lipid peroxidation parameters and antioxidant protection components against the background of standard non-pharmacological therapy for exogenous constitutional obesity in adolescents of different sex. Patients and methods. Forty-six adolescents aged 12–17 years with obesity were examined before and after non-pharmacological therapy. The control group included 36 healthy adolescents. We analyzed the composition of lipid peroxidation products – conjugated dienes (CD), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (KD and CT), TBA-active products and activity of antioxidant protection factors: total antioxidant activity (AOA), levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH, GSSG), their ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods were used. Results. Male adolescents with obesity had lower values of primary lipid peroxidation products compared to the control group – CD (1.35-fold, p = 0,001) and antioxidant protection factors: total AOA (1.16-fold, p = 0,036) and SOD activity (1.49-fold, p < 0.0001), whereas secondary products – KD and CT were elevated (1.42-fold, p = 0,046). Standard therapy in male adolescents did not lead to normalization of the studied parameters. Significantly lower were the values of total AOA (1.4-fold, p = 0.0001), SOD activity (1.42-fold, p < 0.0001) and α-tocopherol (1.33-fold, p = 0.012) in female adolescents with exogenous constitutional obesity compared to the control group. After standard therapy, there was an increase in GSSG levels (1.14-fold, p = 0.029). Conclusion. The presence of negative changes in the pro- and antioxidant status in adolescents with obesity, which was not normalized after a course of standard therapy, was shown. Additional pharmacological correction by prescription of antioxidant drugs becomes relevant. Key words: antioxidant protection, standard therapy, oxidative stress, adolescents, exogenous constitutional obesity","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose-galactose malabsorption: pathogenesis, diagnosis, diet therapy","authors":"E. Roslavtseva, M. Varichkina, T. Bushueva, К.А. Kazakova, V. Skvortsova, T. Borovik, A. Fisenko","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-68-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-68-74","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption is an orphan autosomal recessive life-threatening disease resulting from a selective defect in the intestinal glucose and galactose/sodium co-transport system in the brush border membrane of the enterocyte. In glucose-galactose malabsorption, glucose, galactose, as well as di- and polysaccharides: starch, dextrins, maltose, sucrose, lactose cannot be absorbed. The disease manifests itself in the neonatal period in the form of severe watery osmotic diarrhea, leading to rapid dehydration and metabolic acidosis. The only treatment is diet therapy with the exclusion of all carbohydrates except fructose. In infants with glucose-galactose malabsorption, diet therapy using specialized formulas with fructose as a carbohydrate component is vital. Subsequently, such infants need the introduction of low-carbohydrate complementary foods with primarily fructose content. The article presents a clinical example of the disease course and its successful dietary correction in an infant using a specialized formula and a specific diet. Key words: congenital diarrheal disorders, glucose-galactose malabsorption, infants, diet therapy, specialized milk formula based on fructose","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of early postoperative period in children with gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19","authors":"T. Avdeeva, I. F. Ostreykov, R. K. Usachev, E. A. Moskalenko, A. Usacheva","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-45-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-45-49","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the features of the development and course of gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19 in preschool-aged children hospitalized in the Pediatric Surgery Department with acute abdominal pain. Patients and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the Departments of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesiology and Resuscitation at Smolensk Regional Clinical Hospital between September 1, 2021, and December 30, 2021. Using continuous sampling, we analyzed clinical data of 29 children aged 4 to 7 years with acute abdominal pain against the background of COVID-19. The course of COVID-19 in children who were discharged from the Pediatric Surgery Department after exclusion of acute surgical pathology was studied in dynamics. Results. The disease manifested itself as an acute diffuse abdominal pain and hyperthermia in 100% of children; 65% of children had vomiting, and 56.25% of them had diarrhea. Seven (24%) children required diagnostic laparoscopy, of whom 5 children had no surgical pathology and 2 were diagnosed with adhesions. Laparoscopy revealed mesadenitis in all patients. Conclusion. Acute surgical pathology and gastrointestinal syndrome against the background of COVID-19 have similar manifestations during the acute period in children. Surgical interventions performed against the background of COVID-19 in the acute period provoke complications and prolong the recovery period. Key words: children, COVID-19, gastrointestinal syndrome, acute surgical pathology in children","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}