Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii最新文献

{"title":"Dietary control of low-grade chronic inflammation by correcting gut microbiota","authors":"A. Khavkin, V. Novikova, N. Evdokimova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-32-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-32-41","url":null,"abstract":"This review focuses on the interaction between the microbiota and macroorganism in conditions of biological equilibrium, which is the basis of maintaining human homeostasis in general. Low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI) is realized within this interaction in dysbiosis of various genesis. Bacterial endotoxins are normally the final effectors of LGCI, which are involved in the maturation of the immune system’s components, further determining its ability to neutralize and eliminate pathogens. However, altered intestinal permeability with subsequent microbial translocation to unrelated epitopes may cause LGCI. The review presents several possible options for affecting the gut microbiota and thus LGCI: through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, restrictive diets, and fermented probiotic food products. Key words: diet, probiotics, prebiotics, gut microbiota, low-grade chronic inflammation","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67714995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebamipide and proton pump inhibitors: benefits of combined use","authors":"A. Trukhmanov, D. Rumyantseva","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-42-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-42-51","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the benefits of rebamipide and proton pump inhibitors combination therapy for acid-related diseases. It was shown that rebamipide have a positive effect on various parts of the protective barrier of the epithelium in gastroesophageal reflux disease, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, functional dyspepsia, NSAID-induced gastrointestinal erosive and ulcerative lesions, and in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, proton pump inhibitors, NSAID gastropathy, rebamipide, functional dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding difficulties in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Genetic and social challenges","authors":"K. I. Grigoriev, L. Kharitonova, A. Grigoriev","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-51-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-51-59","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a clinical presentation of the disease in children with Down syndrome, current data on inheritance pattern, prevalence, and diagnosis. Information necessary for health workers in the organization of feeding and care for such children and recommendations for conversations with their parents are given. Particular attention is paid to the rumination syndrome, which is the main manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux and gastroesophageal reflux disease, the leading causes of eating disorders in young children. The article focuses on feeding as one of the most common problems in providing care for this category of children, which is due to a combination of unfavorable factors. Key words: Down syndrome, maxillofacial anomalies, breastfeeding, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diagnosis","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaphylaxis among children hospitalized with severe allergic reactions: a 5-year retrospective analysis","authors":"N. Esakova, I. Zakharova, I. Osmanov, D. Kolushkin, A. Pampura","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-21-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-4-21-30","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To determine the frequency, range of triggers, features of clinical symptoms and treatment of anaphylaxis in children hospitalized with severe systemic allergic reactions in the pediatric department in Moscow. Patients and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1197 medical records of children admitted to the Z.A.Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital with severe allergic reactions over the period from 2016 to 2020 to determine the clinical criteria for anaphylaxis. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis was made retrospectively in 86 patients based on corresponding reports of 2 independent allergy specialists. Results. The incidence of anaphylaxis among children hospitalized with severe allergic reactions was 7.18%. The use of the new WAOAG (2020) anaphylaxis criteria, compared with the previously adopted NIAID/FAAN (2006), slightly increased the coverage of patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis (7.18% vs 7.01%, respectively). Food allergens were the predominant cause of anaphylaxis in children (78%); the second most important trigger were medications (5%), and 7% of patients had idiopathic anaphylaxis. The main causes of food anaphylaxis were tree nuts (31%), cow's milk (19%), fish/seafood (16%), and chicken egg (9%); the frequency of anaphylactic reactions to peanuts did not exceed 4%. The incidence of anaphylaxis to cow's milk and chicken egg was higher in the group of children younger than 3 years (p = 0.003, p = 0.01, respectively), and the incidence of anaphylaxis to fruits was lower (p = 0.05) compared with patients aged 3-18 years. The proportion of anaphylaxis to tree nuts in children was highest and irrespective of patient age. In the development of anaphylaxis, skin/mucosal (98%) and respiratory (71%) symptoms were the most frequent, followed by gastrointestinal symptoms (29%) and laryngeal symptoms (26%). In hospital, anaphylaxis was diagnosed in 10 (12%) patients, and only 21% of children received epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis. At discharge, epinephrine was recommended for 13% of patients. Conclusion. The diagnosis of anaphylaxis is to be excluded in patients with severe allergic reactions, since its incidence in this group of patients reaches 7.18%. Food allergens are the main trigger of anaphylaxis in children in the Russian Federation. The age-dependent spectrum of food anaphylaxis triggers in Russia suggests the use of diagnostic allergy panels in infants that include not only cow's milk, chicken egg, fish, but also tree nuts. Less than 1/4 of children receive epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylactic reactions; the rate of verification of the diagnosis of anaphylaxis and prescription of epinephrine is extremely low and does not exceed 13%. Key words: anaphylaxis, anaphylactic reaction, trigger, allergen, children, food allergy, infants","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of CFTR channel functional activity in a patient with cystic fibrosis and E92K/4428insGA genotype","authors":"A. Efremova, V. Sherman, Y. Melyanovskaya, N. Bulatenko, T. Bukharova, D. Mokrousova, O. Makhnach, D. Goldshtein, E. Kondratyeva","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-72-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-72-79","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis depend on the patient’s genotype since there are more than 2,000 variants of the CFTR gene. Main complications of the disease are expressed in a reduction or loss of pancreatic function and bacterial lung infection, leading to respiratory failure. The E92K (p.(Glu92Lys) and 4428insGA (p.(Ser1435Glyfs*14) mutations in the CFTR gene are accompanied by a high frequency of preserved pancreatic function. In a 3-year-old patient with recurrent pancreatitis and E92K/4428insGA genotype, the functional activity of the CFTR channel was studied using the intestinal current measurement method on rectal biopsy specimens and the forskolin-induced swelling assay in intestinal organoids. The personalized assessment of the action of CFTR modulators was also performed on organoid cultures obtained from the patient’s intestinal biopsies. In a 3-year-old child with cystic fibrosis and recurrent pancreatitis with frequent exacerbations, a high preservation of residual CFTR channel function was revealed. All the investigated targeted drugs were effective in increasing the functional activity of the CFTR chloride channel. Key words: cystic fibrosis, CFTR gene, targeted therapy, pancreatitis, intestinal organoids, intestinal current measurement, E92K, 4428insGA","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of gluten-free casein-free diet in children with delayed psycho-speech development","authors":"L. Khachatryan, E. V. Kasanave, N. Geppe, E. Tyurina, T.S. Kaminskaya, D.E. Vadiyan, A. V. Polyanskaya, S. Chebysheva, M. Manukyan","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-5-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-2-5-16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To justify the significance of using a gluten-free casein-free diet (GFCF diet) in children with delayed psycho-speech development (DPSD) and to study its effect on the somatic and neuropsychological status of these patients. Patients and methods. This randomized, open-label, prospective trial involved 105 children (71 boys and 34 girls) with DPSD between the ages of 1 year 6 months and 6 years 7 months. Children were divided into two groups: group 1 included 53 children who received the GFCF diet; group 2 – 52 children who ate regular meals. Children were examined at the beginning of observation, after 6 and 12 months. We used the Integrative Medicine Assessment Scale (IMAS) 1 and 2, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), Integrative Medicine Patients Parent Scale. Laboratory and instrumental examinations included blood tests for antibodies IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, Anti-tTG IgA, Anti-tTG IgG, Anti-EMA, stool tests for calprotectin and zonulin, ultrasound imaging of the abdomen, kidney, heart, transcranial Doppler ultrasound of brain vessels, and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain if necessary. All children were examined by a neurologist, psychiatrist, geneticist, and surdologist. Results. A significant effectiveness of the GFCF diet in children with DPSD, including autism spectrum disorders, was justified. It was shown that the number of children without stereotypic movement disorders, as well as without digestive problems, increased by 1.5 and 2.3 times in the group of patients receiving diet therapy compared to the group without dietary correction after 6 and 12 months from the beginning of observation; the proportion of highly expressed stereotypies decreased by 2.3 times after 6 months. According to the ATEC scale, the number of children with severe disorders was 2.2 and 2.9 times lower after 6 and 12 months, respectively; according to the somatic status assessment scale (IMAS), the total score was 1.25 times lower. Conclusion. The GFCF diet has a positive effect on the neuropsychological and somatic status of children with DPSD. Children with DPSD have non-celiac gluten sensitivity, in which adherence to the diet allows to alleviate gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations. Key words: anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies, autism, gluten-free diet, delayed psycho-speech development","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of school-aged child nutrition as a current hygienic problem","authors":"I. Novikova, F. Kozyreva, N. Bokareva, I. Shevkun","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-27-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-5-27-35","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the organization of school-age child nutrition as a current hygienic problem in the development of alimentarydependent pathology. Materials and methods. Hygienic, questionnaire/interview, and statistical research methods were used in this study, which was conducted in 66 regions of the Russian Federation and enrolled the heads of general education institutions (n = 3278), food service administrators (n = 712), students at general education institutions and their parents (n = 113,078). Results. The following main risk factors were identified: low coverage of hot meals among students in grades 10–11 (59.7%), insufficient content of food and dishes enriched with vitamins and micronutrients (48.8% compared to 79.2% when using outsourcing services), leading positions in the menu of dishes and products not corresponding to the principles of a healthy diet (pastries and confectionery products). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high among children in grades 1–4 (34.6%) and, in some regions, in older age groups as well. Conclusion. Scientific analysis confirmed a high importance of monitoring the school-age child nutrition in identifying risk factors for alimentary-dependent diseases, which is the basis for the development of preventive measures. Key words: school-age children, healthy diet, alimentary-dependent pathology, nutrition monitoring, obesity, organized child nutrition","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67716469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of candidate biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease using non-targeted serum metabolomics","authors":"T. Vakhitov, S. Kononova, E. Demyanova, A. S. Morugina, V. A. Utsal, M. I. Skalinskaya, I. Bakulin, A. Khavkin, Stanislav Sitkin","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-21-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-6-21-32","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To identify candidate biomarkers for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using non-targeted serum metabolomics in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Patients and methods. This pilot study included 9 male patients with active UC and 11 healthy male controls. Serum metabolomic analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compounds were identified using the NIST08 mass spectral library. Classification of samples and search for candidate biomarkers were performed using a support vector machine (SVM), projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and a naive Bayes classifier (Naïve Bayes). When choosing a classifier, we were guided by the areas under the ROC curve. Results. Metabolomic analysis revealed 85 compounds, of which 79 were annotated. The normalized serum levels of 14 metabolites (2-hydroxybutyric acid, caprylic acid, erythronic acid, creatinine, β-glycerophosphate, α-glycerophosphate, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid, pentadecanoic acid, trans-palmitoleic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, palmitoleic acid, squalene, α-tocopherol) differed significantly between the groups. Serum levels of all these compounds (except α-tocopherol) were elevated in UC patients compared to healthy controls, which was accompanied by an increase in the concentration scatter. The largest area under the ROC curve corresponded to the Naïve Bayes classifier (AUC = 0.931; excellent model quality). Conclusion. The study identified 14 metabolites that can be used as candidate biomarkers for IBD after proper verification, both for diagnosis and for assessment of the efficacy of therapy. The identification of disease-associated metabolites will facilitate the development of novel biotherapeutics. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, metabolome, biomarkers, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67717083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical study results for efficacy of using hydrolyzed milk protein formulas in children with cystic fibrosis","authors":"E. Roslavtseva, T. Bushueva, T. Borovik, O. Simonova, N. Burkina, I. Sokolov, N. V. Lyabina, A. Fisenko","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-12-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-1-12-20","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To study the clinical efficacy of hydrolyzed milk protein formulas “Peptamen Junior” and “Peptamen” (Nestlé, Switzerland) in nutrition therapy for children with cystic fibrosis. Patients and methods. Forty patients with cystic fibrosis aged from 1 year to 17 years 11 months who underwent treatment and rehabilitation at the pulmonology department of the National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health from October 2020 to August 2021 were examined. Patients were divided into two equal groups, each receiving one product. During dynamic observation, the patients’ general condition, nutritional status, including anthropometry, caliperometry, and bioimpedanceometry in older children, as well as biochemical parameters (albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, total protein, glucose), the biological and nutritional value of the diet were evaluated. Results. There was a significant improvement in the physical development of children, in some of whom the reduction of malnutrition was observed. This was evidenced by the positive dynamics of weight-for-length and BMI-for-age Z-scores, the complete elimination of malnutrition in 3 (3.8%) patients and reduction of malnutrition severity in 5 (6.3%) children, a significant increase in the average upper arm muscle circumference from 14.96 ± 0.93 to 15.9 ± 0.8 mm (p < 0.05) in children aged between 1 and 10 years, an increase in the number of children with normal lean body mass Z-score from 25 to 33%. Biochemical markers remained within reference values. The use of specialized formulas in the diet of children with cystic fibrosis enriched therapeutic nutrition with protein by 26-28% and energy by 22-24%. Conclusion. The inclusion of hydrolyzed milk protein formulas “Peptamen Junior” and “Peptamen” (Nestlé, Switzerland) in nutrition therapy for children with cystic fibrosis can maintain their nutritional status at a satisfactory level, provide a positive prognosis of the disease, and improve the quality of life of patients and their families. Key words: cystic fibrosis, children, nutritional status, hydrolyzed milk protein formulas","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current approaches to prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature newborns","authors":"E. Sarkisyan, P. Shumilov, K. Nikoghosyan, O. Khandamirova, T.G. Demyanova","doi":"10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-20-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20953/1727-5784-2022-3-20-29","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most life-threatening disease of the gastrointestinal tract in newborns. Current strategies and methods of NEC prevention affect the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease development. The promotion of breastfeeding and the use of early minimal enteral nutrition with native breast milk are the main links in prevention. Immunoglobulins, antiinflammatory cytokines, and other biologically active substances found in breast milk prevent the development of NEC. A change in diet and the use of donor milk lead to a decrease in the incidence of NEC. The use of antenatal steroids in women at risk of preterm birth, control of hypoxia and normalization of the respiratory parameters also reduce the risk of NEC development. For normal colonization of the intestine, the use of probiotics is recommended. The use of oral antibacterial drugs, which are recommended in some multicomponent methods of prevention, often leads to negative results. The use of oral antifungal drugs in modern neonatology is not excluded. The use of oral immunoglobulins is ineffective. Key words: necrotizing enterocolitis, breast milk, enteral antibiotics, oral antifungal drugs, probiotics","PeriodicalId":53444,"journal":{"name":"Voprosy Detskoi Dietologii","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67715840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}