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Optimising endometrial preparation in frozen embryo transfer: a comprehensive review of current protocols and outcomes 优化子宫内膜准备在冷冻胚胎移植：目前的方案和结果的全面审查
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.007
Snigdha Soni, Neena Malhotra
{"title":"Optimising endometrial preparation in frozen embryo transfer: a comprehensive review of current protocols and outcomes","authors":"Snigdha Soni,&nbsp;Neena Malhotra","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number of frozen embryo transfers (FET) cycles has increased significantly, largely due to the advancements in cryopreservation techniques and reassuring long-term perinatal outcomes. Synchronization between a receptive endometrium and an implantation-competent embryo is essential for successful outcomes in FET cycles. Endometrial preparation can be achieved through the natural cycle (true or modified), mild ovarian stimulation, or hormone replacement cycles. Natural cycles retain the physiological benefits of the corpus luteum, with improved obstetric outcomes, but require monitoring to identify ovulation. Hormone replacement cycles allow scheduling flexibility but are associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes. The timing of embryo transfer in relation to ovulation or progesterone exposure is critical and must align with the window of implantation. Luteal phase support is mandatory in hormone replacement cycles. Appropriate protocol selection based on patient characteristics and clinical context is essential to optimize reproductive and perinatal outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Referral criteria, investigation and management of postmenopausal bleeding 绝经后出血的转诊标准、调查和处理
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.009
Felicity Watson, Michaela Jewson, Ohoud AlOmar
{"title":"Referral criteria, investigation and management of postmenopausal bleeding","authors":"Felicity Watson,&nbsp;Michaela Jewson,&nbsp;Ohoud AlOmar","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is the most common presenting symptom of endometrial cancer. An aging population, obesity and cancer survival have contributed to increasing endometrial cancer rates. However, only 10% of women with PMB have endometrial cancer. Robust guidelines for management of PMB are essential to allow timely access to services, without exposing women to unnecessary investigation and treatment. Any woman with unexplained PMB, unscheduled bleeding on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) lasting &gt;6 months after commencing or &gt;3 months after a dosage change should be referred to secondary care. Clinical history, examination findings and ultrasound (USS) should be used to guide management. Endometrial thickness (ET) should be interpreted in the context of HRT use along with patient risk factors for endometrial pathologies. Women on selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM), women who have recurrent symptoms or USS findings of irregular endometrium or obvious focal abnormality should be offered hysteroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vulval cancer essentials: what every clinician should know 外阴癌要点：每个临床医生都应该知道的
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.006
Audrey Kwong, James Nevin, Jason Yap
{"title":"Vulval cancer essentials: what every clinician should know","authors":"Audrey Kwong,&nbsp;James Nevin,&nbsp;Jason Yap","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vulval cancer is uncommon and needs subspecialist management. However, because patients are usually first seen by non-gynaecological oncologists, this paper aims to provide guidance that is of particular interest to general gynaecologists. The diagnosis needs confirmation by punch biopsy. Cross sectional imaging is not always necessary. Treatment is usually surgical; that is, local and groin node resections. Sentinel node resection has replaced complete groin node resection in many patients with a consequent reduction in surgical morbidity. Prognosis is good but surveillance is important for five years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Urogynaecological complications in pregnancy 妊娠期泌尿妇科并发症
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.008
Mosab Mahadi, Aethele Khunda, Victoria Kershaw, Paul Ballard, Sami Shawer
{"title":"Urogynaecological complications in pregnancy","authors":"Mosab Mahadi,&nbsp;Aethele Khunda,&nbsp;Victoria Kershaw,&nbsp;Paul Ballard,&nbsp;Sami Shawer","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various urogynaecological symptoms can arise or change during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Alterations in body physiology during pregnancy and after childbirth can affect excretory function, making women more susceptible to urological complications, such as acute urinary tract infections and urinary retention, and to constipation, whilst alterations in anatomy can affect continence. The anatomical proximity of the uterus to the urinary system renders the bladder and ureters vulnerable to iatrogenic injury during caesarean sections. Similarly, the proximity of the vagina to the anus increases the risk of anal sphincter injury during vaginal delivery. Pelvic floor function may become compromised during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Patients may encounter problems with urinary and faecal continence as well as pelvic organ support, which can significantly impact their quality of life. This review article provides an overview of the presentation and management of common urogynaecological conditions encountered during pregnancy and the postpartum periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 13-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-assessment questions 自我评估的问题
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.010
Richmond Anna, Smart Georgina
{"title":"Self-assessment questions","authors":"Richmond Anna,&nbsp;Smart Georgina","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"Pages 28-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Self-assessment questions 自我评估的问题
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.005
Anna Richmond, Georgina Smart
{"title":"Self-assessment questions","authors":"Anna Richmond,&nbsp;Georgina Smart","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 360-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vulval pain: underdiagnosed, underestimated and under-treated 外阴疼痛：诊断不足，低估和治疗不足
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.004
Emily Wright, Rebecca Mckay
{"title":"Vulval pain: underdiagnosed, underestimated and under-treated","authors":"Emily Wright,&nbsp;Rebecca Mckay","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vulval pain is a common condition which can cause significant distress to patients. Pain can be from a specific disorder affecting the vulva which presents acutely but becomes a chronic pain if left untreated. If not due to an underlying defined condition, chronic vulval pain is termed Vulvodynia, where pain can classically be described as burning in nature. Chronic vulval pain can be challenging for the gynaecologist; correct diagnosis is frequently delayed and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Management relies on a multidisciplinary approach, tailored specifically to the patient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 353-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recent advances in laparoscopic urogynaecology 腹腔镜泌尿妇科的最新进展
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.001
Indranil Banerjee, Swati Jha
{"title":"Recent advances in laparoscopic urogynaecology","authors":"Indranil Banerjee,&nbsp;Swati Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laparoscopic urogynaecology has undergone significant advancements over the past decade, offering minimally invasive alternatives for managing complex pelvic floor disorders. This review explores recent innovations in laparoscopic procedures, focusing on improvements in surgical techniques, instrumentation, and patient outcomes. Key developments include refined approaches to laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, the use of robotic assistance and enhanced imaging technologies that improve surgical precision. The integration of mesh materials and evolving strategies to reduce complications such as mesh erosion are also discussed in this article. These innovations have contributed to reduced morbidity, shorter recovery times, and improved quality of life for patients. However, continued evaluation through long-term studies is essential to validate the efficacy and safety of these techniques. This paper underscores the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and ongoing surgical training in advancing laparoscopic urogynaecology practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 335-343"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Induction of ovulation 促排卵
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.002
Kimberly Lim Xinyi, Navneet Kaur, Raj Mathur
{"title":"Induction of ovulation","authors":"Kimberly Lim Xinyi,&nbsp;Navneet Kaur,&nbsp;Raj Mathur","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anovulation refers to the absence of ovulation and is one of the most common causes of infertility. This review highlights the underlying causes of anovulation and discusses various techniques used to address anovulation-related infertility. Ovulation induction remains an effective treatment to overcome infertility caused by anovulation. A comprehensive approach to ovulation induction involves a combination of lifestyle modifications, medical therapies and surgical methods. Medications for ovulation induction aims to encourage the development of a single dominant follicle, while reducing the complications of ovarian hyperstimulation and multiple pregnancies. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling serves as an adjunct second-line treatment. This review aims to guide clinicians in selecting the safest and most effective treatment, tailored to the individual needs of each patient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 344-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of the menopause on the lower urinary tract 更年期对下尿路的影响
Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.003
Aysha Waheed, Angie Rantell, George Araklitis
{"title":"The impact of the menopause on the lower urinary tract","authors":"Aysha Waheed,&nbsp;Angie Rantell,&nbsp;George Araklitis","doi":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ogrm.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wide-reaching effect of the menopause is becoming increasingly understood. Oestrogen-receptive tissues of the female urogenital tract have been shown to have altered structure and function in response to decreasing oestrogen levels around the time of the menopause and beyond. This is thought to contribute to the increased incidence of lower urinary tract pathology found post-menopause, including urinary frequency, urgency, incontinence and recurrent urinary tract infections. By understanding the mechanism of these conditions in post-menopausal women, effective management options can be developed, for example replacing depleted oestrogens through topical administration. The aim of this review is to identify the current available evidence on the impact of post-menopausal oestrogen depletion on the bladder and lower urinary tract, and how this may influence the management we can offer to patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53410,"journal":{"name":"Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine","volume":"35 12","pages":"Pages 348-352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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