Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: overview and management

Abstract

Menopause is a natural physiological process experienced by women, characterized by a hypoestrogenic state. This hormonal deficiency can arise from various factors such as aging, premature ovarian failure, or surgical oophorectomies. Historically, the focus has been primarily on the vasomotor and psychological manifestations of hypoestrogenism in menopausal women, likely due to the prevalence of these symptoms. However, it is important to recognize that genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) significantly impacts a substantial portion of women during this stage of life. These symptoms are often overlooked or underreported due to feelings of embarrassment." This paper provides comprehensive overview of GSM, including its pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and impact on the quality of life. Furthermore, it will discuss current management strategies to provide healthcare professionals with a thorough understanding of GSM to improve patient outcomes through timely diagnosis and appropriate management.