Vacunas最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of the vaccine (Covaxin®) on different age groups of people: A pilot study","authors":"Vivek Chauhan ,&nbsp;Adrija Rakshit ,&nbsp;Vivek Kumar Dhiman ,&nbsp;Gaytri Mahajan ,&nbsp;Akash Pnadey ,&nbsp;Shamsher Singh Kanwar ,&nbsp;Devendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Covaxin® is a COVID-19 vaccine created and produced by Bharat Biotech in India. The vaccine is based on the strain of SARS-CoV-2 that was first identified in India and has undergone Phase III </span>clinical trials. Covaxin® has been authorized for emergency use in India and has been distributed as part of India's vaccination campaign. The vaccine has been shown to be effective in preventing COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, but additional studies are needed to determine its efficacy as well as safety in the long term.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>The antibody titer against Covaxin® was detected through indirect </span>ELISA </span>immunoassay. Optimization was performed on 500 samples to get an idea and work further on a larger number of samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The vaccine had the best immune response in individuals between the ages of 21 and 30 and the least response in those between 61 and 70. This was attributed to the phenomenon of immunosenescence, which explains the weakening of the </span>immune system<span> with age. Additionally, the study found that the equine anti-CoV-19 serum had a higher binding affinity<span> with Covaxin®, highlighting the effectiveness of horse Ig against COVID-19 antigens.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The study concluded that Covaxin® was effective in generating an immune response in individuals after 2 doses of vaccination; however, the generated immune response decreased with the time of vaccine administration and the age of the vaccinated. The study also showed that the ELISA technique used in this research is an efficient and sensitive method to evaluate vaccine efficiency and can be applied to a larger number of samples for further comparative analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 152-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135606126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health approach to Nipah virus prevention","authors":"Muhammad Safdar ,&nbsp;Shafeeq ur Rehman ,&nbsp;Muhammad Younus ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arif Rizwan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Kaleem ,&nbsp;Mehmet Ozaslan","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal disease, resulting in a mortality rate of 75%. Outbreaks have been observed in southeast Asian countries, including Singapore, Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India. As of September 24, 2023, 6 confirmed cases of the NiV had been reported, including 2 fatalities in the Kozhikode District in Northern Kerala, India. In January and February of 2023, this virus sparked an epidemic in Bangladesh. Bats are important hosts for zoonotic viruses such as the NiV, SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and others; nevertheless, relatively little is known about the ecological determinants and dynamics of these viruses' propagation in their reservoir hosts. Therefore, this review assessed early detection, data integration, community awareness, and resource limitations. Moreover, it gives specific future directions, emphasizing the urgency of vaccine and antiviral development, genomic surveillance advancements, case studies, healthcare system reinforcement, and intensified global collaboration. By addressing these issues, the One Health approach emerges as a vital and proactive strategy for NiV prevention, ensuring comprehensive preparedness and response mechanisms against future outbreaks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 264-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140086392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and adherence of the Cape Verdean population to the COVID-19 vaccine","authors":"Maria de Fátima Carvalho Alves,&nbsp;Janice de Jesus Soares,&nbsp;Maria da Luz Lima Mendonça","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic at the end of 2019, with its well-known consequences in terms of morbidity and mortality, has triggered an intense mobilization of the scientific community in the search for knowledge about the SARS-Cov2 virus and the development of a vaccine.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to investigate the knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and intentions of the resident Cape Verdean population regarding the COVID-19 vaccine.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study involving 1704 resident Cape Verdeans, whose ages ranged from 16 to 60 years old and the majority of participants were male (52.6%). The data was collected using the Google form platform between March 9 and 15, 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The data indicated that the majority of participants (95.8%) knew of at least one approved vaccine against COVID-19, and this knowledge (74.9%) was obtained from television, radio, and newspapers. The Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine was the best known (54.1%) among the study subjects and the majority of respondents (69.7%) had enough information to consciously decide whether or not to get vaccinated against COVID-19. The majority (68.0%) of participants were in favor of the COVID-19 vaccine being administered to all interested people. About 59% of participants considered the COVID-19 vaccine to be safe and 49.6% of participants intended to get vaccinated when the time came. The greatest vaccine hesitancy was related to fear of side effects (21.4%), followed by the fact that it was developed too quickly (12.8%). Health professionals were seen as the priority group (81.5%) to be vaccinated.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results show that the Cape Verdean population had a good level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine. Despite initial hesitation, the vast majority of participants were willing to get vaccinated. These data suggest that awareness-raising, education, and information campaigns about the COVID-19 vaccine should be strengthened to reduce hesitation and increase confidence and adherence to the COVID-19 vaccine among Cape Verdean residents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 203-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139636715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mecanismos inmunitarios innatos y adaptativos de las vacunas COVID-19. Efectos adversos graves asociados a la vacunación contra el SARS-CoV-2: una revisión sistemática","authors":"Rocío Morlanes Pallás","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The present review focuses on innate-adaptative immune stimulation by COVID-19 vaccines, especially by mRNA-iLNP vaccines. It describes iLNP and nucleoside-modified mRNA technologies, reverse transcription, inflammatory signals linked to reactogenicity, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated vascular crosstalk, induced by systemic and spike protein, which mimic COVID-persistent. Finally, the connection between the manifestation of severe forms of adverse reactions to vaccination and molecular mimicry, the production of particular autoantibodies and the role of certain vaccine adjuvants are discussed in detail.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To identify articles that publish information on the adverse effects produced after the administration of COVID-19 vaccines in order to demonstrate their therapeutic potential in the treatment-prevention of disease; as well as to demonstrate the association of causality and temporal occurrence.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>Systematic review of the scientific literature published between July 2021 and July 2023, which analyzes all reports of inflammatory signatures of serious adverse effects caused by COVID-19 vaccines.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The systematic review identified 2033 records which, after a screening process according to the inclusion criteria and the elimination of duplicated papers, works with methodological problems and works without open access, were reduced to 58 articles, of which 50 articles are human models and 2 are cellular models.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results of this systematic review reveal the causal and temporal association of the various serious adverse events following administration of COVID-19 vaccines and the “peak effect” of COVID-19 vaccines is recognized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 285.e1-285.e94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139883270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Omicron on the COVID-19 vaccines: A review","authors":"Pragya D. Yadav ,&nbsp;Deepak Y. Patil ,&nbsp;Rima R. Sahay ,&nbsp;Anita M. Shete ,&nbsp;Sreelekshmy Mohandas ,&nbsp;Velu Nair","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The moment SARS-CoV-2 seemed to be receding; there was an uncertain emergence of Omicron variant which rapidly spread to all the 6 continents of the globe. The large number of genomic mutations has helped Omicron to evolve and become highly transmissible and escape the natural or vaccine-induced immune response. Until now, the Omicron has evolved into 5 unique lineages namely BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, BA.5, and over 1000 sub-lineages. Despite vigorous COVID-19 immunisation programmes, India has been constantly being affected with emergence of new Omicron variants. In contrast to recovered patients following vaccination and breakthrough cases following a second dose against the Omicron variety, our recent research of naive Covishield vaccines showed declining immune response. The finding of this study and other studies with Covaxin depicted less immune response against Omicron post second dose of vaccination. This necessitates the administration of a preventive dose to improve immunity. There was surge in the COVID-19 cases with BA.5, BA.4, BF.7, BQ.1, XBB, and JN.1 infection which has greater transmissibility and vaccine efficacy remarkably dropped. Hence along with administration of booster dose, there is need to tweak the currently available vaccines with these SARS-CoV-2 variants. These types of modified boosters could provide enhances protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 274-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140274104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of lymphocytosis among pertussis patients in Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Solomon Taye Sima ,&nbsp;Debasu Damtie ,&nbsp;Belay Tessema ,&nbsp;Baye Gelaw ,&nbsp;Feleke Moges","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Pertussis is a severe and prolonged coughing disease caused by </span><span><span>Bordetella</span><em> pertussis</em></span>. In 2014, 24.1 million pertussis cases and 160 700 deaths were estimated worldwide in children less than 5 years old. Infection with <em>B. pertussis</em><span> is frequently characterized by a significant rise in the number of circulating lymphocytes. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess lymphocytosis among pertussis patients in Northwest Ethiopia.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pertussis patients who met the clinical case definition for pertussis. The study was conducted from July 2018 through February 2019 and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 321 participants, and samples were analyzed using real-time </span>PCR<span><span> (RT-PCR). Blood specimens were collected from 321 study participants and total lymphocyte count was conducted using </span>hematology analyzer.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 109 participants were positive for <em>Bordetella</em><span> species. Lymphocytosis was found in 15/109 (13.8%) of the PCR confirmed pertussis patients. Of those 15 PCR confirmed participants with lymphocytosis, 8/15 (53.3%) had lymphocytosis grading ‘high’ (≥</span> <!-->2.81/μL) followed by 3/15 (20.0%) ‘moderately high’ (≥<!--> <!-->4.0/μL), and 4/15 (26.7%) had ‘very high’ (≥<!--> <!-->6.0/μL). Among PCR confirmed pertussis participants with lymphocytosis, 11/15 (73.3%) were less than 1 year old.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite other co-infections can cause lymphocytosis, this study showed that lymphocyte count could be used to rule out pertussis. Thus, in combination with other specific laboratory tests, lymphocyte count in pertussis suspected patients is recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 174-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135604935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of magnesium sulfate on the gene expression of Bordetella pertussis (ptxP1 and ptxP3) strains and the incidence of whooping cough in Nineveh","authors":"Ali Adel Dawood","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The incidence of <em>Bordetella pertussis</em> infections in the Nineveh is affected by living conditions and the density of the population in specific geographic regions.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study amid to assess the monitoring pertussis in Nineveh between 2017 and 2021.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This work focused on how MgSO4 impacts the activity of ptxP1 and ptxP3 genes in <em>B. pertussis</em> strains.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mosul, Al-Baaj, and Sinjar recorded higher rates of infection compared to other regions due to population density. The expression <em>BfrD, ptxE, ptxD, ptxB, ptxA</em>, and <em>ptxC</em> was exhibited elevation when exposed to MgSO4 of 0 and 5 mM conc. On the other hand, <em>WbpT, VipC</em>, and <em>KpsM</em> showed high expression at a concentration of 50 mM of MgSO4. <em>Pgm</em> demonstrated elevated expression across all concentrations of MgSO4 for the ptxP1 strain, while maintaining consistently low expression for the ptxP3 strain. The potential of <em>Pgm</em> as a distinct marker, effectively distinguishing between the 2 strains of <em>B. pertussis</em>. This approach will allow for a more detailed exploration of the variations between bacterial strains regarding their genetic responses to MgSO4 concentrations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Data analysis of microarray was indicated that ptxP3 strains are less affected by the inhibitory effects of sulfate root on undesirable gene expression. This investigation may lead for further studies into the role of sulfite root in pertussis's pathogenicity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 214-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139967070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brotes de tosferina en 2024. ¿Se puede mejorar la estrategia de vacunación?","authors":"Fernando Moraga-Llop","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2024.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 149-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140815918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Sunil Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Minakshi Pandey ,&nbsp;Renu Khare ,&nbsp;Devendra Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Lung cancer is among the leading causes of death related to cancer globally, with NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) accounting for about 85% of all cases. NSCLC is characterized by a complex genetic landscape, with multiple driver mutations and epigenetic<span> alterations that promote tumor progression and resistance to therapy. NSCLC is treated with </span></span>immunotherapy<span><span>, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or molecularly targeted therapy. However, a significant number of patients who had surgery are likely to experience local recurrence or </span>distant metastases<span>. Immunotherapy and targeted therapies have advanced rapidly in the last few years. Here, in this review, details related to NSCLC, its types, preventive measures, and risk factors, their </span></span></span>symptoms, method of screening, diagnosis, and related treatment, and the latest updates related to NSCLC are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 239-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139639261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing cholera vaccine scarcity in Turkey and Syria amidst earthquake situation: Call for an urgent action","authors":"Harendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Dattatreya Mukherjee ,&nbsp;Sumitaksha Banerjee ,&nbsp;Prashant Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Vagisha Sharma ,&nbsp;Moubani Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"25 2","pages":"Pages 286-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}