{"title":"Exploring structural proteins of Nipah, Lassa, and coronaviruses for multi-epitope vaccine design using immuno-informatics and in silico studies","authors":"Ananya Saji , Sagaya Jansi Rozario , Balamurugan Shanmugaraj , Praveen Kumar Panthagani","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>In recent years, public awareness of the risks posed by zoonotic diseases has significantly increased. Nipah virus (NiV) and Coronavirus are known to cause serious respiratory and neurological effects, while Lassa virus is a hemorrhagic virus. The current study employs an immunoinformatics approach to predict antigenic epitopes against NiV, Lassa virus (LASV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) for the development of multi-epitope vaccines (MEV) and to identify the potential drug molecules using molecular docking approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes for SARS-CoV-2, three for NiV, and three for LASV were selected. Additionally, eight Helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes for NiV, seven for SARS-CoV-2, and five for LASV, all of which demonstrated antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity were identified and included. Molecular docking and subsequent construction of the 3D structure for the best epitopes from each virus revealed stable and strong binding affinities between the MEV and human pathogenic Toll-like receptors (TLRs), specifically TLR3 and TLR8.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This work presents evidence of <em>in silico</em> research on vaccine design and molecular docking against the Nipah, Lassa viruses and SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. It highlights the computational approaches used for drug repurposing and the exploration of natural drug compounds. These findings suggest that the plant-derived or naturally sourced drugs exhibit significant potential in combating viral diseases in humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 500424"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2024.11.002
Ava Ghezel , Masoud Keikha , Chista Sarira Arfaee
{"title":"Aging and the challenges of vaccination","authors":"Ava Ghezel , Masoud Keikha , Chista Sarira Arfaee","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500388
A. Hosseingholian , P. Jafari , A. Abedini , H. Jooya , J.D. Gross , M. Beyranvand , A. Samadi , S. Khoshnood
{"title":"An overview of anticancer roles of nanoparticles synthesized by microbes","authors":"A. Hosseingholian , P. Jafari , A. Abedini , H. Jooya , J.D. Gross , M. Beyranvand , A. Samadi , S. Khoshnood","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomedicine offers innovative solutions for healthcare, particularly in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Among these, nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by microbes have gained attention for their unique properties and potential applications. This review explores the methods for microbial nanoparticle (NP) synthesis, their physicochemical characteristics, and their role in cancer therapies, such as targeted drug delivery and imaging. By analyzing their advantages, limitations, and biological interactions, we highlight the impact of biologically derived NPs in advancing cancer treatment and discuss their future prospects in nanomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 500388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500391
Uddalak Das , Soupayan Banerjee , Meghna Sarkar
{"title":"Bibliometric analysis of circular RNA cancer vaccines and their emerging impact","authors":"Uddalak Das , Soupayan Banerjee , Meghna Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines are emerging as a revolutionary strategy in cancer immunotherapy, offering novel mechanisms for inducing robust and durable immune responses. Unlike traditional linear mRNA vaccines, circRNAs exhibit exceptional stability, enhanced translational efficiency, and resistance to exonuclease degradation, making them ideal candidates for vaccine development. Recent studies have shown that circRNA vaccines play an important and specialized role in cancer treatment. However, there are currently no relevant bibliometric studies. This study aimed to apply bibliometrics and scientometrics to summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots regarding the role of circRNA vaccines in cancer. Publications related to circRNA vaccines in cancer were searched on the Scopus database. VOSviewer and Scopus were used to conduct the analyses. This study summarizes the research trends and development of circRNA vaccines for cancer and also a comparative analysis between mRNA cancer vaccine and circRNA cancer vaccine identifying potential areas of focus, innovation and growth. This information will provide a reference for researchers to studying circRNA vaccines against cancer due to its increasing trends over recent times.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 500391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500425
Guillermo Mena , Eva Calderón , Marta Aldea , Susana Otero-Romero
{"title":"Inmunización frente a Haemophilus influenzae tipo b fuera del calendario sistemático de vacunación","authors":"Guillermo Mena , Eva Calderón , Marta Aldea , Susana Otero-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The epidemiology of the invasive disease caused by <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> has changed drastically since the introduction of vaccines in the routine vaccination schedule. In high-income countries, <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> infection has gone from being a disease predominantly occurring in children and due to serotype b, to being a disease more frequent in adults and caused mainly by non-typeable strains. Therefore, it is important to take into account adult vaccination risk factors such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, functional or surgical asplenia, or certain innate or acquired immune deficits. In addition to these established factors, this document reviews the aspects to be taken into account by the physician, such as the degree of functional hypoesplenia, the type of affectation of the complement pathway or the affectation of the immunity of the individual caused by monoclonal gammopathies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 500425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500389
Lysandro Pinto Borges , Lara Góis Floresta , Rajiv Gandhi Gopalsamy , Athesh Kumaraswamy , Bernardo Ferreira Brasileiro , Cleverson Luciano Trento , Lucas Alves da Mota Santana
{"title":"The global threat of human metapneumovirus (HMPV): A call to action amid recent surges in China","authors":"Lysandro Pinto Borges , Lara Góis Floresta , Rajiv Gandhi Gopalsamy , Athesh Kumaraswamy , Bernardo Ferreira Brasileiro , Cleverson Luciano Trento , Lucas Alves da Mota Santana","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500389","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 500389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500387
Muhammad Saud , Irfan Wahyudi
{"title":"Shaping health behavior and social connectedness during COVID-19 through media adaptation strategies in Indonesia","authors":"Muhammad Saud , Irfan Wahyudi","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The role of media is not only to give information about social matters but it also has a significant role in educating health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The present study investigated how media networks in Indonesia responded to the COVID-19 by providing adaptation strategies to prevent its effects. The current research aims were not only to foster awareness of health issues but also to analyze the role of media in changing public behavior and health concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study employs a qualitative research design and interviews were conducted with the general public, including those who were infected with COVID-19, students, and staff working in hospitals, educational institutions, and public service departments. The interviews were analyzed through thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study's findings reveal that the participants of the study adopted multiple adaptation strategies for the prevention of COVID-19 that have been introduced, including media accessibility for updates, online media engagement for social connectedness, highlighting public health issues, developing trust among communities, and providing social support through media.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The pandemic has brought certain changes in the living patterns of people in Indonesia, and the media has played a greater role by fostering public health information. Furthermore, there has been a significant increase in the usage of media communication channels to disseminate information about the virus and to provide guidance on how the spread can be prevented. The study concludes that media has expectedly contributed to shaping public behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 500387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500390
Z. Nafiah , A. Atha , A.I. Rizkita , N.S.O. Ujiantari , A. Hermawan
{"title":"Recent update on multi-epitope vaccine development for treating breast cancer","authors":"Z. Nafiah , A. Atha , A.I. Rizkita , N.S.O. Ujiantari , A. Hermawan","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality, owing to genetic mutations and various nongenetic factors. Traditional treatments often induce severe side effects and recurrence risk. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising alternative, offering prolonged survival and improved quality of life. Multi-epitope vaccines have shown promise by inducing strong immune responses through multiple epitopes, targeting various tumor antigens, and minimizing adverse effects. Advancements in genomic and proteomic technologies have enabled the identification of key antigens for targeted vaccine design. Immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology have improved epitope mapping, allowing the selection of epitopes that prompt robust immune responses. Synthetic peptide vaccines combining multiple antigens, along with potent adjuvants, have demonstrated enhanced immunogenicity and stronger antitumor responses. This review provides an overview of the development of the multi-epitope vaccine for treating BC, identifying over 18 studies from 2019 to 2024: 9 are in the <em>in silico</em> design stage, 4 in preclinical testing, 2 in phase I clinical trials, and 3 in phase II clinical trials. These studies evaluated 28 immunogenic target antigens, showing promising results in efficacy and safety. Continued research and collaboration will accelerate the development of effective cancer immunotherapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 500390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
VacunasPub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1016/j.vacun.2024.12.001
Akeem Olarewaju Yunus, Morufu Oyedunsi Olayiwola
{"title":"Simulation of a novel approach in measles disease dynamics models to predict the impact of vaccinations on eradication and control","authors":"Akeem Olarewaju Yunus, Morufu Oyedunsi Olayiwola","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Measles, a highly contagious disease caused by Morbillivirus, poses significant public health risks due to its rapid spread and severe complications. Symptoms, such as fever, rashes, red eyes, and coughing, typically appear 8–12 days post-infection. Given recent resurgences, especially in areas with low vaccination coverage, it is essential to understand measles transmission and assess the role of vaccination awareness in outbreak control.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A mathematical model was developed to examine measles transmission and the influence of vaccination awareness. Stability analysis evaluated the model's behavior, while the basic reproductive number, R<sub>0</sub>, was derived using the next-generation matrix approach. Sensitivity analysis assessed how parameter variations impact outbreaks. Numerical simulations, utilizing the iterative Laplace transform and Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative operator, explored solution conditions and stability at various fractional orders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Simulations showed that vaccination awareness significantly reduces measles transmission. Increased awareness lowered R, decreasing outbreak risk. Fractional orders provided insights into disease persistence, highlighting the importance of behavioral factors in control strategies. Sensitivity analysis identified parameters crucial for targeted interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the importance of vaccination awareness in controlling measles, showing that education-based strategies can reduce transmission. By integrating behavioral factors in a fractional calculus framework, this research supports efforts against endemic diseases like measles. The findings suggest that awareness campaigns, alongside vaccination, can alter transmission dynamics, offering a novel approach to enhance control measures. This model provides a basis for further research on behavioral interventions in disease modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143912401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}