Vacunas最新文献

{"title":"Edición especial de aniversario: Presentación","authors":"Núria Torner Editora jefe, Angela Domínguez Directora científica, Lluís Salleras Director fundacional","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500491","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 4","pages":"Article 500491"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacto de la vacunación frente a virus del papiloma humano: hacia la eliminación del cáncer de cuello de útero","authors":"Laia Alemany,&nbsp;Maria Brotons","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certain human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes are a necessary cause of cervical cancer and are linked to the etiology of a fraction of anogenital and head and neck carcinomas. Currently, twelve HPV types have been classified as definitively carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, of which HPV16 is the most carcinogenic genotype. The carcinogenic classification of HPVs is based on extensive epidemiological studies and biological evidence conducted over the past decades and thanks to the strong collaboration between scientists seeking to uncover the etiology of cervical cancer. HPVs 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, and 58 are responsible for more than 90% of cervical cancers. Since 2006, three effective prophylactic vaccines have been approved in Europe, and have demonstrated to be immunogenic, safe, efficacious and effective. The demonstration of HPV as a necessary cause of cervical cancer has also led to the refinement of screening strategies, such as the introduction of primary HPV testing. Comprehensive cancer research, from etiology to prevention, has had a significant impact on global public health policies, so much so that in 2020 the World Health Organization launched the campaign to eliminate cervical cancer, a possible milestone never before considered in the field of oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 4","pages":"Article 500485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poliomielitis: enfermedad paradigmática y eliminada. Secuelas y retos para la erradicación","authors":"José Tuells ,&nbsp;José Antonio Hurtado-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polio represents one of the most emblematic cases in the history of public health. Its greatest impact occurred during the first half of the 20th century, with devastating epidemic outbreaks that caused half a million cases annually with tens of thousands of deaths, in addition to leaving many survivors permanently paralyzed. The scientific community responded in an exemplary manner by studying polio until they developed two effective vaccines: an inactivated vaccine (Salk, 1955) and an attenuated vaccine (Sabin, 1962). A global response was immediately organized based on international cooperation, well-defined immunization strategies, and epidemiological surveillance. The mass vaccination effort carried out since 1988 through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) managed to reduce cases by 99.9%. Currently, the wild polio virus only persists in Afghanistan and Pakistan, and the GPEI's “Eradication Strategy 2022–2026” has been implemented with the hope of certifying its complete eradication in the coming years. Two significant challenges remain: controlling outbreaks caused by vaccine-derived polioviruses and increasing low immunization coverage in certain regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 4","pages":"Article 500484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacto de la vacunación frente al virus de la hepatitis B","authors":"Jaime Jesús Pérez Martín ,&nbsp;Victoria Uroz Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health issue due to its potential for chronicity and severe complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Since its introduction in the 1980s, vaccination against HBV has proven to be a highly effective tool in preventing acute infection, chronic disease, and vertical transmission. This article reviews the impact of hepatitis B vaccination globally and in Spain, based on data from epidemiological surveillance, seroprevalence studies, and cancer registries. Remarkable reductions in the incidence of chronic infection and hepatocellular carcinoma have been observed in countries that implemented the vaccine early, such as Taiwan, China, and Iran. In Spain, vaccination began in risk groups in 1982, was extended to adolescents in the 1990s, and to infants from 2002. Vaccination coverage has exceeded 93% in infants for over two decades. The incidence of acute hepatitis B has decreased significantly since 1997, and seroepidemiological studies show a marked decline in infection among individuals under 40 years old. A significant reduction in vertical transmission and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence has also been documented in Spanish men aged 35–39 years. Although systematic vaccination has had a substantial impact on the HBV disease burden, challenges remain regarding surveillance in unvaccinated or vulnerable populations, especially in the context of migration movements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 4","pages":"Article 500482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational in-silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against human Rhinovirus an immune simulation and molecular dynamics simulation approach","authors":"Najeebullah,&nbsp;I.U. Haq,&nbsp;M. Rahiyab,&nbsp;S.S. Ali,&nbsp;I. Khan,&nbsp;A. Iqbal","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The <em>Rhinovirus</em> (<em>HRV</em>) belongs to the Enterovirus genus in the <em>Picornaviridae</em> family and is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Commonly accountable for respiratory tract infections, which include common colds. It is yet unknown how to treat <em>HRV</em> infection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employed robust immunoinformatics techniques to predict the B-cell, CTL, and HTL epitopes on the Genome Polyprotein. Both non-allergic and antigenic epitopes were chosen in order to produce a subunit vaccine that patients could receive.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The vaccine's immunogenicity score was reported as −<!--> <!-->4.46838, and its antigenic ratio yielded values of 0.5625 and 0.450999, respectively, using ERRAT, Rampage, and ProSa-web servers to validate the vaccine model. Consequently, the Z-score was −<!--> <!-->6.85, the ERRAT score was 90.432, and the Ramachandran plot value was generated as 86.0%. When TLR-7 was utilized to dock the vaccine, it revealed a good interaction with 151 non-bonding components, 7 hydrogen bonds, and 1 salt bridge. Using MD modeling, the stability of the docked complex was assessed. The vaccine had a GC content of 48.4% and a CAI value of 0.99% when it was reverse-translated. To implement the concept in a wet laboratory, the reverse translated vaccine sequence was cloned in pET28a (+) vector.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The vaccine developed in this work has to be experimentally validated in order to ensure its efficacy against the disease. The final application of this new research will be in the treatment of <em>HRV-</em>related illnesses as well as in upcoming experimental testing to verify the safety and immunogenicity of the suggested vaccine design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 3","pages":"Article 500427"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytokine production and TLR 7/8 gene expression following BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"Ali Mohammed Ashraf ,&nbsp;Marwan Y. Al-Maqtoofi ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Burghal","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objective</h3><div>The impact of inactivated vaccines for COVID-19, BBIBP-CorV COVID-19, on the human immune system was not studied. This study investigates the immune response induced by the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A total of 90 blood samples (5 ml each) were collected from participants (mean age: 20 years) in Basrah, Iraq. The study included 60 vaccinated individuals (38 males, 22 females), 60 days post-BBIBP-CorV vaccination and 30 unvaccinated controls (15 males, 15 females). Blood was divided: 2 ml in EDTA tubes for TLR7/TLR8 mRNA expression (RT-qPCR) and 3 ml in clotting activator tubes for serum isolation to measure IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21 levels (sandwich ELISA). Data were compared with controls and analysed for statistical differences. Volunteers with flu, COVID-19 symptoms, fever, chronic diseases, or immunocompromised conditions were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The BBIBP-CorV vaccine did not disrupt cytokine production, with no significant differences in IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-21 levels between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups after 60 days (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). However, TLR7 and TLR8 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in vaccinated individuals compared to controls, indicating enhanced innate immune activation without affecting cytokine balance. These findings highlight the vaccine's ability to stimulate immunity while maintaining normal cytokine levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results are particularly significant as they demonstrate that the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine successfully induces immunological responses via TLR7 and TLR8 activation without abnormal effects on cytokine production. As a pilot study, these findings lay a strong foundation for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 3","pages":"Article 500459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Análisis preliminar de las vacunas combinadas frente al virus respiratorio sincitial y el metapneumovirus humano","authors":"Jordi Reina,&nbsp;Eugenia Cabrera","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>La importancia epidemiológica y etiológica del virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) y del metapneumovirus humano (hMPV) en las infecciones respiratorias de vías bajas, tanto en la población infantil como adulta, determina la necesidad de disponer de una vacuna combinada que proteja frente a ambos virus. Ambos virus poseen un genoma monofilar de ARN de 15,2 kb para el VRS y de 13,3 kb para el hMPV. En ambos virus se han descrito serotipos o subgrupos que cocirculan cada temporada. De las diferentes proteínas que contienen, la F presenta una elevada similitud de estructura y conformación, compartiendo entre un 30–35% de su secuencia para ambos virus; por ello, se ha utilizado para desarrollar vacunas combinadas. Las vacunas combinadas atenuadas utilizan una cepa de hMPV delecionada en el gen SH, que es sustituido por el gen de la proteína F del VRS. Esta cepa se replica en cultivos celulares y ratones, por lo que permitió iniciar un ensayo en ratones. La inmunidad humoral y celular inducida por esta vacuna era heteróloga y abarcaba diferentes subtipos de ambos virus, además, protegía a los animales de la infección exógena. Se han comunicado los datos preliminares de una vacuna de ARN mensajero combinada con la proteína F en su forma preF. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que ambas vacunas incrementaban el título de anticuerpos neutralizantes frente al VRS-A, VRS-B y hMPV en niños de 5–8 meses y de 8–23 meses, tanto seropositivos como los previamente seronegativos frente a este virus, es decir, que la respuesta inmune es independiente de la presencia previa de anticuerpos.</div><div>También está en fase muy preliminar una vacuna quimérica, formada por la cabeza globular de la proteína F del VRS y el tallo del hMPV. Todavía no hay datos definitivos, aunque es muy posible que en un futuro cercano se disponga de una vacuna combinada que prevenga las infecciones por VRS y hMPV.</div></div><div><div>The epidemiological and etiological importance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in lower respiratory tract infections, both in children and adults, dictates the need for a combined vaccine that protects against both viruses. Both viruses have a single-stranded RNA genome of 15.2 kb for RSV and 13.3 kb for hMPV. Serotypes or subgroups that cocirculate each season have been described for both viruses. Of the different proteins contained in both viruses, the F proteins have a high degree of similarity in structure and conformation, sharing between 30 and 35% of their sequence; therefore, they have been used to develop combined vaccines. Attenuated combined vaccines use a strain of hMPV deleted in the SH gene, which is replaced by the RSV F protein gene. This strain replicated in cell cultures and mice allowing for the initiation of a trial in mice. The humoral and cellular immunity induced by this vaccine was heterologous and encompassed different subtypes of both viruses, and also protected animals from exogenous i","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 3","pages":"Article 500460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate for Marburg virus applying advanced immunoinformatics strategies: A computational analysis","authors":"Md. Nafij Mashrur ,&nbsp;M. Nazmul Hoque ,&nbsp;Soharth Hasnat ,&nbsp;Sakhawat Hossen Saikat ,&nbsp;Md. Mehedi Hasan ,&nbsp;Faria Khan Hridy ,&nbsp;Nurul Amin Rani ,&nbsp;Fardous Mohammad Safiul Azam","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Marburg virus (MbVs), which causes Marburg viral disease (MbVD), primarily manifests flu-like symptoms, but critical hemorrhagic fever appears toward the end. It transmits through direct contact between individuals or animals. While incidences may be rare, the elevated mortality rate of this virus is a significant concern. Currently, there is no vaccine for this lethal virus. Immunization is essential for reducing the mortality rate associated with this disease. We recommend employing immunoinformatics techniques and MbV structural proteins to develop multi-epitope vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multi-epitope vaccine was created using B-cell and T-cell epitopes of MbV, along with adjuvants and specific linkers. The proposed vaccine was assessed for antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and population coverage. Additionally, <em>in silico</em> immune response models were conducted. The vaccine design was further analyzed for expression and cloning viability utilizing the pET-28a(+) vector.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The designed vaccine exhibited antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic properties. It demonstrated excellent global population coverage and induced a robust immune response <em>in silico</em>. Furthermore, the <em>in silico</em> assessments confirmed the effective expression and cloning of the vaccine in <em>E. coli</em>, indicating its feasibility for large-scale manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results suggest that the proposed vaccine design may effectively elicit immune responses against MbV. Future studies must incorporate <em>in vivo</em> testing to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 3","pages":"Article 500461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vacunación antigripal intranasal: profundizando en los motivos parentales que llevan al rechazo o a su aceptación","authors":"Virginia Reverte,&nbsp;Matilde Zornoza-Moreno,&nbsp;Consuelo Lucía Álvarez-García,&nbsp;Jaime Jesús Pérez-Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Influenza in children under 5 years of age has a higher risk of causing serious complications that may require hospitalization and even death. Since 2012, the World Health Organization and other international organizations have recommended influenza vaccination for children aged 6 to 59 months. School-based influenza vaccination was introduced in the study community in the 2023–2024 campaign for children aged 3 and 4 years, and although it is known that school immunization is a way to facilitate the process, some parents still show reluctance and refuse to vaccinate their children. The main objective of this study was to find out their reasons.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A qualitative study was designed using focus group technique to collect information.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From the parents' opinions, we were able to identify two main reasons for the refusal of influenza vaccination: a lowered perception of the risks associated with influenza in children who have no associated risk factor and a lack of confidence in the vaccine, based mainly on the lack of specificity to the virus strain circulating that season. The sending of numerous reminders, the fact that vaccination does not exempt the child from getting sick, or misconceptions about whether some vaccines are mandatory or not were also mentioned as reasons.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><div>The results obtained are very useful for the design of the next information campaigns aimed at families, whose purpose is to improve influenza vaccination coverage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 3","pages":"Article 500453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of diabetes on CD4 expression in T lymphocytes: A comparative analysis postCovishield vaccination","authors":"K. Dayana ,&nbsp;V. Jelin ,&nbsp;Y. Alex","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Diabetic individuals often exhibit altered immune responses, which may impact vaccine efficacy. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to assess and compare CD4 expression in T lymphocytes between diabetic individuals and healthy controls one month following the first (prime) dose of the Covishield vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Blood samples were collected from 5 diabetic individuals and 5 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was employed to measure CD3 and CD4 expression, with a gating strategy that identified lymphocytes, excluded doublets, and gated CD3<!--> <!-->+ and CD4<!--> <!-->+ cells.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study found that CD4 expression in T lymphocytes was significantly lower in diabetic individuals (Mean ± SD: 44.4 ± 6.4) compared to healthy controls (Mean ± SD: 66.092 ± 9.7), with a p-value of 0.009. This reduction in CD4 expression could potentially impair B cell activation and antibody production, consistent with prior reports of delayed seroconversion in diabetic patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that lower CD4 expression in diabetic individuals may impact their immune response to the Covishield vaccine. This aligns with previous studies indicating compromised T-cell responses and delayed antibody production in diabetic individuals post-vaccination. Further research with larger cohorts, additional immunological markers, and extended follow-up is necessary to validate these observations and provide a deeper understanding of vaccine responses in diabetic individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"26 3","pages":"Article 500431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}