Vacunas最新文献

{"title":"Impacto de la vacunación en las resistencias bacterianas","authors":"Josep de la Flor i Brú","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500630","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and burden of malaria in Pakistan and its provinces (1990–2023): Insights from the global burden of disease study","authors":"Z. Ahsan ,&nbsp;M. Ahsan ,&nbsp;A.K. Durvesh","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Malaria remains a major public health concern in Pakistan. This study assessed national and subnational trends in malaria burden from 1990 to 2023 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2023) estimates.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An ecological time-trend analysis was conducted using GBD 2023 data to examine malaria-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), mortality, prevalence, and incidence across Pakistan and its provinces/regions. Data were disaggregated by age, gender, and geography. 33 years annual percentage change (APC), and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated using Poisson regression to quantify temporal trends.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between 1990 and 2023, Pakistan demonstrated a substantial decline across all indicators: DALYs decreased by 31.6%, mortality by 27.1%, prevalence by 39.5%, and incidence by 58.8%. The highest burden persisted in Balochistan (DALY rate: 747.0 per 100,000) and Sindh (657.5 per 100,000), while the lowest was recorded in Punjab (7.9 per 100,000) and Azad Jammu &amp; Kashmir (8.2 per 100,000). Temporal analysis revealed three major resurgence peaks 2003–2005, 2013–2015, and 2021–2023 the latter corresponding to the post-flood outbreak following Pakistan’s 2022 monsoon floods. Poisson regression showed downward national trends for DALYs (IRR = 0.997; 95% CI: 0.994–0.999), prevalence (IRR = 0.997; 95% CI: 0.996–0.998), and incidence (IRR = 0.990; 95% CI: 0.989–0.991).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Despite national progress, regional disparities persist, particularly in Sindh and Balochistan. The 2022–2023 resurgence highlights the influence of climate shocks on transmission. Strengthening surveillance, adopting climate-resilient vector control, and ensuring equitable resource allocation are vital to sustain progress and achieve malaria elimination by 2035.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500627"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of a solution-focused approach on reducing of vaccine refusal","authors":"M. Kaplan ,&nbsp;B. Erci","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vaccine refusal remains a persistent and complex global health issue, influenced by sociocultural beliefs, misinformation, lack of trust, and personal experiences. Despite extensive immunization campaigns, vaccination rates often remain below optimal levels. Understanding the factors driving vaccine hesitancy is essential for developing effective interventions. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing parents' vaccination attitudes and to evaluate the effectiveness of solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) among parents who refused to vaccinate their infants aged 0–24 months.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study population consisted of parents residing in the Bingöl province who did not want to vaccinate their newborns, infants, and children between the ages of 0 and 24 months. Using a pretest-posttest experimental control model, both groups completed a socio-demographic form and the Parent Attitudes About Childhood Vaccines (PACV) scale pre-intervention. The experimental group received four weekly SFBT sessions, followed by a posttest for both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A statistically significant improvement (p &lt; 0.05) was observed in the PACV scores of parents in the SFBT group, whereas no significant change was noted in the control group (p &gt; 0.05). The regression analysis revealed that gender, education level, previous vaccination experiences, and problematic vaccination experiences significantly influenced parental attitudes, accounting for 32% of the total variance.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It was determined that administering SFBT to parents who refused to vaccinate their 0–24-month-old children may be an effective method to reduce the number of vaccine refusal cases. These findings also highlight the importance of sociodemographic and experiential factors in shaping vaccine-related attitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonorrea: otra infección de transmisión sexual inmunoprevenible","authors":"Fernando Moraga-Llop","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical need for broad spectrum vaccines against emerging coronaviruses","authors":"Balamurugan Shanmugaraj ,&nbsp;Ashwini Malla ,&nbsp;Balasubramanian Murugesan","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last two decades, the continuous emergence of pathogenic coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, has highlighted a major and ongoing threat to global public health. As the rate of zoonotic spillover events increases, the emergence of new coronaviruses becomes highly likely. Currently available vaccines are mostly strain-specific, and waning immunity is one of the major challenges as the virus evolves rapidly, leaving populations susceptible to antigenically distinct or newly emerging variants. The development of broad-spectrum vaccines represents one of the most effective strategies to protect humanity against future coronavirus threats. Hence, this paper highlights the urgent need for developing broadly protective coronavirus vaccines to mitigate future pandemics and improving global preparedness against emerging infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake and determinants of the human papillomavirus vaccine and its determinants among undergraduates of a Nigerian university","authors":"Adetunmise Oluseyi Olajide,&nbsp;Roqeebat Titilope Bolarinwa,&nbsp;Olufemi Yiyinola Makinde,&nbsp;Florence Oluyemisi Adeyemo","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the uptake and determinants of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among undergraduates of a Nigerian university.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. A stratified random sample of 318 students was drawn from a population of 1042. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire (reliability index = 0.70) and analyzed with SPSS version 21. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used; the level of significance was set at 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The majority (55.7%) of respondents were aged 19–22 years. Over half (52.4%) had below-average knowledge of the HPV vaccine. Vaccine uptake was low.</div><div>65 of 318 respondents (20.4%) had received at least one dose. The main barrier was vaccine unavailability (66.7%). High cost (<em>r</em> = −<!--> <!-->0.163, <em>p</em> = .004) and peer reviews (<em>r</em> = 0.173, <em>p</em> = .002) were significantly associated with uptake. Other factors (cultural beliefs, fear of side effects, family history, and trust in the healthcare system) were not statistically significant (<em>p</em> &gt; .05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that improving vaccine availability and affordability, leveraging healthcare provider recommendations and positive peer influence are necessary to increase uptake of the HPV vaccine, reinforce policies and reduce the burden of HPV-related cancers in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500625"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a novel multi-epitope subunit vaccine to combat monkeypox virus through an immunoinformatics approach","authors":"Hridoy Barua ,&nbsp;Md. Rakibul Hasan ,&nbsp;Radiya Tum Mardiya ,&nbsp;Tushar Ahmed Shishir ,&nbsp;Hemayet Hossain ,&nbsp;Fardous Mohammad Safiul Azam ,&nbsp;Mst Rubaiat Nazneen Akhand ,&nbsp;Md. Nafij Mashrur","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction and objective</h3><div>Monkeypox (MPX) disease is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), which poses an escalating danger to world health and has shown pandemic potential, as indicated by the 2022 epidemic. Notwithstanding the growing illness burden, no vaccinations or targeted therapies are sanctioned. The present work used a structure-based immunoinformatics approach to develop a multi-epitope subunit vaccine targeting MPXV.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among the five identified viral proteins (A14L, A15L, A30L, A35R, and E8L), E8L, A14L, and A30L were potentially targeted for the vaccination due to their critical functions in viral particle attachment to host cells, viral envelope production, and morphogenesis. The comprehensive vaccine construction consists of six cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), four helper T lymphocytes (HTLs), and three B-cell epitopes interconnected by GGGS, GPGPG, and KK linkers to ensure epitope flexibility and preserve structural conformation and incorporating the β-defensin-3 and the PADRE sequence were used as adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity, resulting high antigenic, no allergenic, and no toxic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The molecular docking demonstrated higher interaction with the TLR4 receptor (−<!--> <!-->877.1 kcal/mol), and molecular dynamics simulations validated the stability of the vaccine–receptor complex. Consolidating immunological models forecasted robust immune activation, characterized by elevated cytokine levels and enhanced memory cell responses. Additionally, codon optimization and <em>in silico</em> cloning confirmed the possibility for practical expression in <em>Escherichia coli</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings demonstrate a strong immunogenic potential of the vaccine design against MPXV, necessitating further <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> validation studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500490"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission dynamics and evolution of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) during the 2024 global outbreak: implications for surveillance, treatment and vaccination","authors":"H. Fatima ,&nbsp;M.M. Arif ,&nbsp;M.S. Chatha ,&nbsp;Q. Ali ,&nbsp;K. Batool","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus, has emerged as a global public health concern following its widespread outbreaks in 2024. The virus rapidly spread to 117 countries, marking a significant shift from its traditionally endemic regions. This unexpected emergence in non-endemic areas has highlighted the need to update current knowledge regarding its transmission, epidemiology, and public health implications. This review evaluates the 2024 outbreak, emphasizing the virus's mutational evolution, transmission modes, and current monitoring and treatment strategies. Data were compiled from WHO reports, epidemiological databases, and recent genomic studies. Key variables such as the basic reproductive number (R₀), secondary attack rates, and case trends were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis and mutation profiling revealed over 300 mutations, including a new sublineage within Clade I, linked to increased transmissibility and immune escape. Human-to-human transmission occurred primarily through direct skin contact, with sexual transmission also playing a significant role. Environmental changes such as deforestation and pollution were identified as contributing factors in cross-species transmission. Surveillance tools, including RT-PCR, wastewater monitoring, and contact tracing, proved effective in outbreak control. Although MPXV is currently considered a moderate global health threat, urgent measures are required to prevent further spread. Strengthening diagnostic tools, advancing targeted therapies through biomarker-based approaches, and expanding vaccination efforts will be critical for future preparedness and control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500628"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taming the Marburg threat: lessons from Tanzania’s outbreak response","authors":"Shriyansh Srivastava ,&nbsp;Dheeraj Sharma ,&nbsp;Molakpogu Ravindra Babu ,&nbsp;SK. Abdul Rahaman ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent information about Mpox disease","authors":"R. Dowran ,&nbsp;Z. Karimizadeh ,&nbsp;A. Mohebbi ,&nbsp;S.M. Jazayeri ,&nbsp;F.S. Taghavi ,&nbsp;M.J. Rasaee","doi":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vacun.2025.500486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monkeypox virus (MPXV) was first discovered in monkeys in a laboratory in Denmark in 1958, and the first human case was reported in Congo in 1970. It causes a disease called Mpox disease which is mainly characterized by rashes. Viral transmission occurs through body fluids, respiratory droplets, saliva, the content of vesicles, and lesions in addition to skin contact. Initially, Mpox was restricted to Africa, and sporadic cases outside Africa had a history of travel or links to Africa. The first outbreak outside Africa was in the US with the etiology of animal importation. The first outbreak of Mpox without any proven link to African sources was observed in 2022. The etiology of the recent increase in Mpox cases is an increase in animal reservoir population and animals’ adaptation to urban environments. MPXV is capable of crossing species and has a wide range of hosts; however, not all of them are specified currently. All mammals should be considered susceptible to MPXV, and investigating its new and unknown host should be seriously pursued. The recent discovery of Mpox outside Africa has shed light that health research is vital for preventing, controlling, and/or eradicating infectious diseases at their origins. The ability to monitor and respond to Mpox requires enhanced global preparedness. This is a comprehensive review of the discovery, history of the disease and transmission, immune system response and immune evasion, vaccination, and the possibility of turning into an outbreak with the countries at higher risk of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53407,"journal":{"name":"Vacunas","volume":"27 1","pages":"Article 500486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}