Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN最新文献

{"title":"Actualización en el abordaje de las neumonías desde atención primaria","authors":"M. Carmona González ,&nbsp;G. Rodríguez Parejo ,&nbsp;D. Murillo García ,&nbsp;C. Montero Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma of infectious origin, with higher incidence in males, extremes of age and people with comorbidities. Clinically classified as typical and atypical, it presents different radiological patterns, where lung ultrasound is more sensitive than radiography for its diagnosis, being important the microbiological study for a directed treatment. Thus, empirical treatment of CAP should be started early, considering risk factors and adjusting according to age and weight in children, whose prevention includes pneumococcal and influenza vaccination. There are various scales for deciding hospital or ICU admission. This review provides an update on the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of CAP, highlighting the most relevant aspects for its management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 6","pages":"Article 102508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dolor nociplástico en Atención Primaria: ¿qué debemos saber?","authors":"A. Alcántara Montero ,&nbsp;P.J. Ibor Vidal ,&nbsp;C. Álamo González","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nociplastic pain, third mechanistic pain descriptor, was adopted in 2017 by the International Association for the Study of Pain. It is defined as «pain that arises from altered nociception» not fully explained by nociceptive or neuropathic pain mechanisms. Peripheral and/or central sensitization, manifesting as allodynia and hyperalgesia, is typically present, although not specific for nociplastic pain. Understanding pathophysiological mechanisms and their interactions is a requisite for the development of diagnostic tests allowing for individualized treatments and development of new strategies for prevention and treatment. This narrative review summarizes the most important aspects of nociplastic pain in the Primary Care setting and emphasizes the importance of recognizing this type of pain in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 7","pages":"Article 102493"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of COVID-19 mortality risk: A retrospective study of three epidemic waves in Faridabad, India","authors":"L. Parashar ,&nbsp;G.G. Meshram ,&nbsp;S.L. Vig ,&nbsp;J. Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The study aimed to compare the sociodemographic, comorbidity, and clinical variables associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality across three distinct epidemic waves in Faridabad, India.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients admitted with COVID-19 was conducted at a tertiary care center at Faridabad, India. COVID-19 epidemic waves were categorized into the first wave (April 2020–January 2021), second wave (March 2021–June 2021), and third wave (December 2021–February 2022). Sociodemographic, comorbidity, and clinical parameters were assessed for their association with mortality in each of the waves by the Chi-square test. The Cochran–Armitage test for trend was used to assess changes in these associations with respect to the mortality rate across the epidemic waves.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 5217 patient records were assessed, with 4066 in the first wave, 895 in the second wave, and 256 in the third wave. Across all waves, comorbidities (diabetes and hypertension), multimorbidity, severe disease (requiring intensive care unit admission and ventilator support) were consistently associated (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) with higher mortality. While sociodemographic factors were significant (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) in the first two waves, their impact diminished in the third. Clinical symptoms, particularly ‘cold and flu’ showed consistent significance (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) across all waves. COVID-19 mortality trend peaked in the second wave, disproportionately (<em>p</em> <!-->&lt;<!--> <!-->0.05) affecting females, older patients, and those with comorbidities or severe symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Understanding the shifting risk factors across COVID-19 epidemic waves is crucial for targeted interventions. Prioritizing high-risk groups, particularly during peak waves, can optimize resource allocation and minimize mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 6","pages":"Article 102494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Síndrome del pronator teres asociado a otras neuropatías compresivas en la extremidad superior. Serie de casos y revisión bibliográfica","authors":"Í. Úbeda Pérez de Heredia","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Pronator teres</em> syndrome (PTS) consists of compression of the median nerve between the heads of the pronator teres muscle. It is a rare pathology that is often confused with other compressive neuropathies on the upper extremity. We present three uncommon cases of PTS associated with nerve compressions on elbow and wrist.</div></div><div><h3>Case 1</h3><div>A 53-year-old male musician presented with paresthesias on the right upper limb. Electrophysiology showed entrapment of the median nerve in the wrist and the ulnar nerve in the elbow. Ultrasonography showed compression of the median nerve between the pronator teres heads. Patient improved with conservative treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Case 2</h3><div>A 41-year-old male delivery driver presented pain and loss of strength in the wrist and hand 3 months after surgery for a distal rupture of the right biceps brachialis. Ultrasonography showed compression of the ulnar nerve in the epitrocleolecranial canal. Electromyography showed entrapment of the median nerve at the elbow and wrist and the ulnar nerve at the elbow. He improved with NSAIDs and physical therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Case 3</h3><div>A 52-year-old male metal worker presented with epitrochlear pain, paresthesia and loss of strength in the right hand. Electromyography showed entrapment of the median and ulnar nerves at the elbow and the median nerve at the wrist. Conservative treatment did not reach a complete remission of symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PTS should be suspected in patients with sensory alterations in the upper limb. Differentiating it from other compressive neuropathies is essential since early detection allows effective conservative therapeutic measures to be applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 7","pages":"Article 102506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La importancia de la medicina familiar y comunitaria en la formación médica: la experiencia del Grado en Medicina de la Universitat de les Illes Balears","authors":"A. Bennasar-Figueras","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 102515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La formación en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria en el grado de Medicina en las universidades españolas","authors":"B. Sanz Pozo","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 102519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en atención primaria","authors":"Daniel Ginard ,&nbsp;Noelia Fontanillas ,&nbsp;Iria Bastón-Rey ,&nbsp;M. Elena Pejenaute ,&nbsp;Marta Piqueras ,&nbsp;Silvia Alcalde ,&nbsp;Pilar Nos ,&nbsp;Mercedes Ricote ,&nbsp;Lucía Expósito ,&nbsp;Míriam Mañosa ,&nbsp;Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta ,&nbsp;Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta ,&nbsp;Yamile Zabana ,&nbsp;José Polo ,&nbsp;Ana Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;en representación de GETECCU y SEMERGEN","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Primary Care is the first point of contact for most patients after the onset of symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Establishing an initial diagnostic process based on compatible symptoms and agreed criteria and referral pathways, depending on the degree of suspicion and the patient's situation, can reduce diagnostic delays. Once the patient is referred to the Digestive specialist and the diagnosis of IBD is established, a treatment and follow-up plan is structured. The management of the patient must be shared with the participation of the family practitioners in the diagnosis and treatment of concomitant or intercurrent pathologies, the recognition of flare-ups or complications (of IBD or treatments), education tasks or adherence control.</div><div>With the purpose of developing a comprehensive guide on the management of IBD aimed at Primary Care doctors, we have developed this positioning document collaboratively between the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and the Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 3","pages":"Article 102334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143016126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microhematuria: revisión de la literatura y evidencia basada en guías","authors":"A. Jalón Monzón ,&nbsp;J. Fuentes Pastor ,&nbsp;E. Tamargo Díaz ,&nbsp;A. Radwan Escaf Robles","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hematuria is one of the most common diagnoses in urology and is a common cause of referral to urologist from Primary Care consultations. Its importance derives from the potential risk of clinically significant pathology, including malignant pathology, urinary lithiasis or medical diseases. Although the study of gross hematuria is accepted by the various medical societies, the need to investigate microscopic hematuria is a topic of debate. The indiscriminate study of microscopic hematuria carries associated clinical and economic risks and benefits. It is necessary to update the recommendations of the main scientific societies that can help us in decision making in our patients with microhematuria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 102487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness and safety of nirmatrelvir + ritonavir in COVID-19. NiRCoV Study: Correspondence","authors":"H. Daungsupawong ,&nbsp;V. Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 6","pages":"Article 102485"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tratamiento de verrugas víricas con solución de ácido málico y ácido cítrico: serie de casos","authors":"N. Silvestre Torner,&nbsp;F. Gruber Velasco,&nbsp;B. Romero Jiménez,&nbsp;C. Axpe Gil,&nbsp;J. Román Sainz","doi":"10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.semerg.2024.102420","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53212,"journal":{"name":"Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN","volume":"51 4","pages":"Article 102420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}