Tentativa de suicidio: evolución de las visitas en Urgencias de un hospital comarcal en Barcelona, estudio transversal de 2019 a 2023

IF 0.9 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Medicina de Familia-SEMERGEN Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI:10.1016/j.semerg.2025.102533

J. Guil Sànchez

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Abstract

Objective

To study the characteristics of patients who consulted in the emergency department for suicide attempts between 2019-2023 and the characteristics of the episodes.

Material and methods

Descriptive study from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2023. We included demographic variables (sex, age), clinical variables (psychiatric history, psychotropic medication, substance abuse, follow-up in Mental Health, existence of previous self-harm attempt) and characteristics of the episode (mechanism, motive, destination).

Results

810 patients consulted, 64.6% women, mean age 39.6 ± 18.1. They had a psychiatric history 688 (84.9%): men 228 (79.4%), women 460 (87.9%). Follow-up in Mental Health 384(47,4%): men 115 (40,1%), women 269 (51,4%). They had a previous suicide attempt 271 (33.5%): men 78 (27.2%), women 193 (36.9%). They used intoxicants 226(32.8%): men 131 (45.6%), women 135 (25.8%), alcohol 197 (87.2%), cocaine 115 (43.2%), and THC 108 (40.6%).

In 551 (68%) episodes the mechanism was drug intake. Benzodiazepines came first, 423 (76.8%), followed by antidepressants 119 (21.2%) and analgesic/NSAIDs 89 (16.1%). Ingestion of intoxicants was 185 (22.8%), 82 (28.6%) men, 103 (19.7%) women, alcohol in 148 (80%). Self-inflicted injuries were present in 88 (10.9%). There were 331 (40.9%) cases with triggers: relationship problems 115 (34.7%), family problems 106 (32%). 608(75.1%) patients were referred to Mental Health, 73(9%) were admitted to Psychiatric Units.

Conclusions

Consulted 810 patients between 2019-2023, an 80.8% increase in ED consultations for suicide attempts during the study period. The majority were women and had a psychiatric history. Approximately half were being followed up in Mental Health. One third had previously attempted suicide. Most were due to medication intake, mainly benzodiazepines. The main triggers were relationship and family problems. 75.1% of patients were referred to Mental Health, 9% were admitted to Psychiatric Units.

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自杀未遂：2019 - 2023年巴塞罗那地区医院急诊情况的演变横断面研究

目的分析2019-2023年急诊就诊自杀未遂患者的特点及发作特点。材料和方法：2019年1月1日至2023年12月31日进行描述性研究。我们纳入了人口统计学变量（性别、年龄）、临床变量（精神病史、精神药物、药物滥用、心理健康随访、既往自残企图）和发作特征（机制、动机、目的）。结果共就诊810例，女性64.6%，平均年龄39.6±18.1岁。有精神病史688例（84.9%），其中男性228例（79.4%），女性460例（87.9%）。心理健康随访384人（47.4%）：男性115人（40.1%），女性269人（51.4%）。有自杀企图271例（33.5%），男性78例（27.2%），女性193例（36.9%）。吸毒226例（32.8%），男性131例（45.6%），女性135例（25.8%），酒精197例（87.2%），可卡因115例（43.2%），四氢大麻酚108例（40.6%）。551例（68%）发作的机制是药物摄入。其次是抗抑郁药119种（21.2%），镇痛药/非甾体抗炎药89种（16.1%）。摄入毒物185例（22.8%），男性82例（28.6%），女性103例（19.7%），酒精148例（80%）。88例（10.9%）出现自伤。诱发因素331例（40.9%），其中关系问题115例（34.7%），家庭问题106例（32%）。608名（75.1%）患者被转介到精神卫生部门，73名（9%）患者被送入精神科。在2019-2023年期间咨询了810名患者，在研究期间因自杀未遂而就诊的ED增加了80.8%。大多数是女性，并且有精神病史。大约一半的人接受了心理健康方面的随访。三分之一的人曾试图自杀。大多数是由于药物摄入，主要是苯二氮卓类药物。主要的诱因是人际关系和家庭问题。75.1%的患者被转介到精神卫生部门，9%的患者被送入精神科。

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