Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering最新文献

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Optimization of Drilling Well Design: A Review 钻井优化设计综述
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.11
Saif Khudhair, Faleh H. M. Al-Mahdawi
{"title":"Optimization of Drilling Well Design: A Review","authors":"Saif Khudhair, Faleh H. M. Al-Mahdawi","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"Drilling well design optimization reduces total Authorization for Expenditures (AFE) by decreasing well constructing time and expense. Well design is not a constant pattern during the life cycle of the field. It should be optimized by continuous improvements for all aspects of redesigning the well depending on the actual field conditions and problems. The core objective of this study is to deliver a general review of the well design optimization processes and the available studies and applications to employ the well design optimization to solve problems encountered with well design so that cost effectiveness and perfect drilling well performance are achievable. Well design optimization processes include unconventional design(slimhole) compared with fat design, in addition to optimizing casing setting depth selection and casing string loads. Finally, we demonstrate well trajectory design considerations and optimization. The optimization process that mentioned above is significantly reduce drilling cost and time since, slimhole design with smaller casing and hole size reduce mud volume cost, steel cost and pump fuel cost. Optimum casing seat selection can ovoid serious problem such as kick and losses that increase nonproductive time (NPT) if kick tolerance and downhole pressure profile is not considered. Anticipating optimum stress loads in casing design is most effective way to reduce casing strings cost avoiding additional cost for designing with useless worst conditions. Wellbore trajectory optimization with geomechnic consideration is major concern to reduce the problem encountered with high torque, drag, formation collapse that result stuck pipe and non-productive time (NPT).","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42966848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Well Performance Following Matrix Acidizing Treatment: Case Study of the Mi4 Unit in Ahdeb Oil Field 基质酸化处理后的井况——以阿赫代布油田Mi4装置为例
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.2
U. Alameedy, A. Al-haleem, Abdulameer Almalichy
{"title":"Well Performance Following Matrix Acidizing Treatment: Case Study of the Mi4 Unit in Ahdeb Oil Field","authors":"U. Alameedy, A. Al-haleem, Abdulameer Almalichy","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of oil wells may be improved by determining the value of enhancing well productivity and the likely reasons or sources of formation damage after the well has been recognized as underperforming. Oil well productivity may be improved, but the economics of this gradual improvement may be compromised. It is important to analyze the influence of the skin effect on the recovery of the reserve.\u0000   The acid treatment evaluated for the well AD-12, primarily for the zone Mi4;  using a license of Stimpro Stimulation Software to validate the experimental work to the field scale, this software is considered the most comprehensive instrument for planning and monitoring matrix acid treatments and utilizing actual data to provide a far better knowledge of the well's reaction, with methods that represent the reality of what is happening in the reservoir before, during, and after matrix acid treatments, through the post-treatment skin factor, which is the most frequently utilized statistic for analyzing stimulation treatments and relies on the geometry of the wormholed zone. Referring to the previous buildup tests for Ad-12, the skin value of -3.97 is approximately identical to or slightly larger than the skin value estimated by the acid treatment simulation using Stimpro. Moreover, when the simulator was performed, the invading fluid revealed two distinct depths of investigation inside the treated zone. While the fluid invasion in the bottom area has invaded deeply at a distance of 95 inches despite the top layer wormhole penetrating to a depth of 32 inches.","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44004928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Effect of Solvent Type on PAN–Based Nonwoven Nanofibers Membranes Characterizations 溶剂类型对PAN基纳米非织造纤维膜性能的影响
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.6
Haneen Sabeeh, Basma I.Waisi Waisi
{"title":"Effect of Solvent Type on PAN–Based Nonwoven Nanofibers Membranes Characterizations","authors":"Haneen Sabeeh, Basma I.Waisi Waisi","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospun nanofiber membranes are employed in a variety of applications due to its unique features. the nanofibers' characterizations are effected by the polymer solution. The used solvent for dissolving the polymer powder is critical in preparing the precursor solution. In this paper, the Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based nanofibers were prepared in a concentration of 10 wt.% using various solvents (NMP, DMF, and DMSO). The surface morphology, porosity, and the mechanical strength of the three prepared 10 wt.% PAN-based nanofibers membranes (PAN/NMP, PAN/DMF, and PAN/DMSO) were characterized using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dry-wet Weights method, and Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA). Using DMF as a solvent resulted in a long, beaded, homogeneous, and smooth surface fibrous structure with an average diameter of 260 nm, which was the best among the solvents tested in this study in terms of porosity and mechanical strength.","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41921182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Remediation of Oil Production by Matrix Acidizing Method on an Oil Well 利用基质酸化法对某油井进行采油修复
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.1
Njeudjang Kasi, Yandjimaing Justine, Nitcheu Madeleine, N. Theophile
{"title":"Remediation of Oil Production by Matrix Acidizing Method on an Oil Well","authors":"Njeudjang Kasi, Yandjimaing Justine, Nitcheu Madeleine, N. Theophile","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"   The remediation oil production by matrix acidizing method on the well named \"X\" (for confidential reasons) is scrutinized in this paper. Initial production of 1150 bpd, production index of 2.8 STB/Psi/d and permeability of 150md, in 2018 two years down the lane this dropped to 450 bpd, production index 0.7 STB/Psi/d. The declined observed on the production index is trouble shouted and after elimination of (no completion damage/perforation damage), the skin is calculated by carrying out a well test (build-up test) whose extrapolation in excel over times gave us a skin of 40.The reservoir heterogeneity, containing >20% of feldspar, carbonates and paraffin’s guided thematrix acidizing design and treatment proposition to remedy this problem. A positive displacement pump (HT400), boosted by a centrifugal pump were used to pump the acid treatment through high pressure treating line downhole. Halliburton insite for stimulation the (IFS) software monitored treating pressure and surface flow rate, keeping injection rate below fracturing pressure. PipeSim software is used to run the nodal analysis before and after treatment this helped to forecast optimal production rates and pressure after treatments. Matrix acidizing method applied on the well X increased the production to 850 bpd with production index of 2 STD/psi/d, skin - 1.5. The economic benefit to the company stood at (profit oil 21,699,500 USD.) over a two years period of production. Meanwhile uncertainties in demand and supply of crude oil at the international market cause constant fluctuation in oil prices, this should be strongly considered upon execution of this project. Overall applications of this acidizing treatment can be carried out on reservoirs with similar mineralogy. HCl/HF blend dissolves sandstone, mud stone and calcite minerals thus reservoir porosity and permeability can be enhanced in regions extending several meters around the injection well.  ","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43025568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Laboratory Testing and Evaluating of Shale Interaction with Mud for Tanuma Shale formation in Southern Iraq 伊拉克南部Tanuma页岩地层页岩与泥浆相互作用的实验室测试与评价
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.5
Fadhil Alshibli, A. A. A. Alrazzaq
{"title":"Laboratory Testing and Evaluating of Shale Interaction with Mud for Tanuma Shale formation in Southern Iraq","authors":"Fadhil Alshibli, A. A. A. Alrazzaq","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"   Rock failure during drilling is an important problem to be solved in petroleum technology. one of the most causes of rock failure is shale chemical interaction with drilling fluids. This interaction is changing the shale strength as well as its pore pressure relatively near the wellbore wall. In several oilfields in southern Iraq, drilling through the Tanuma formation is known as the most challenging operation due to its unstable behavior. Understanding the chemical reactions between shale and drilling fluid is determined by examining the features of shale and its behavior with drilling mud. Chemical interactions must be mitigated by the selection of suitable drilling mud with effective chemical additives. This study is describing the laboratory methods that concern testing and evaluating the shale instability encountered while drilling operations. The cutting samples are collected from the targeted formation and used to categorize shale reactivity levels and the required additives to inhibit the clay instability. These tests include the descriptive method with the various analytical technique of standard laboratory equipment. The shale testing techniques are the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, Cation-Exchange, Capacity (CEC), and Capillary Suction Timer test (CST). Also, Linear swelling meter test (LSM) was performed to enhance the development plan. Tanuma formation contains moderately active clay with the presence of microfractures and micropores in its morphology. And it is controllable by using polymer muds with 8 % of inorganic inhibitor (e.g., KCL), filtration controls additives, and poly amino acid hydration suppressant which showed minimum swelling percentage.","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41328573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Kinetics and Activation Complex Thermodynamic Study of the Acidity Removal of Oleic Acid via Esterification Reaction on Commercial 13X Zeolite 13X分子筛酯化反应脱除油酸的动力学及活化络合物热力学研究
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.6
Shahad Jurmot, A. Abbas
{"title":"Kinetics and Activation Complex Thermodynamic Study of the Acidity Removal of Oleic Acid via Esterification Reaction on Commercial 13X Zeolite","authors":"Shahad Jurmot, A. Abbas","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"   The study involved the removal of acidity from free fatty acid via the esterification reaction of oleic acid with ethanol. The reaction was done in a batch reactor using commercial 13X zeolite as a catalyst. The effects of temperatures (40 to 70 °C) and reaction time (up to 120 minutes) were studied using 6:1 mole ratio of pure ethanol to oleic acid and 5 wt. % of the catalyst. The results showed that acid removed increased with increasing temperature and reaction time. Also, the acidity removal rises sharply during the first reaction period and then changes slightly afterward. The highest acidity removal value was 67 % recorded at 110 minutes and 70 °C. An apparent homogeneous reversible reaction kinetic model has been proposed and solved with the experimentally obtained kinetics data to evaluate reaction rate constants versus temperature, pre-exponential factors, and activation energy values for the forward and the backward esterification reactions. The activation energies were 34.863 kJ/mol for the forward reaction and 29.731 kJ/mol for the backward reaction. The thermodynamics of the activation step of the forward and reverse reactions was studied based on the hypothesis of forming a complex material that decomposes into a product. The activation steps were studied using Eyring bimolecular collision theory approach, and both ΔH* and ΔS* were determined for forward and backward esterification reactions. The enthalpies of activation were 32.141 kJ/mol and 27.080 kJ/mol for the forward reaction and the backward reaction, and the entropies of activation were - 193.7 and -212.7 J/mol. K for the forward reaction and the backward reaction, respectively.","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42702029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Cadmium Removal Using Bio-Electrochemical Reactor with Packed Bed Rotating Cylindrical Cathode: A Kinetics Study 填料床旋转圆柱形阴极生物电化学反应器除镉动力学研究
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.7
Zahraa A.kadhim, Ali H. Abbar
{"title":"Cadmium Removal Using Bio-Electrochemical Reactor with Packed Bed Rotating Cylindrical Cathode: A Kinetics Study","authors":"Zahraa A.kadhim, Ali H. Abbar","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"   The kinetics of removing cadmium from aqueous solutions was studied using a bio-electrochemical reactor with a packed bed rotating cylindrical cathode. The effect of applied voltage, initial concentration of cadmium, cathode rotation speed, and pH on the reaction rate constant (k) was studied. The results showed that the cathodic deposition occurred under the control of mass transfer for all applied voltage values ​​used in this research. Accordingly, the relationship between logarithmic concentration gradient with time can be represented by a first-order kinetic rate equation. It was found that the rate constant (k) depends on the applied voltage, the initial cadmium concentration, the pH and the rotational speed of cathode. It was increased with increasing the applied voltage and its relationship with the applied voltage obeyed an exponential formula. The rate constant (k) was decreased with increasing the initial concentration of cadmium higher than 150ppm while at low concentrations it was increased. pH and rotational speed have different effects on the rate constant. Increasing the pH from 3 to 6 increases the rate constant while a slight decrease in the rate constant occurs at pH = 7. Increasing the rotation from 100 to 500 rpm increases the rate constant; however, the rate constant became approximately constant buoyed 300 rpm.\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46829520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating the Performance of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Fuel Cell 可充电锌-空气燃料电池的性能研究
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.3
Ahmed H.Shallal, I. Shakir
{"title":"Investigating the Performance of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Fuel Cell","authors":"Ahmed H.Shallal, I. Shakir","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"   Zinc-air fuel cells (ZAFCs) are a promising energy source that could compete with lithium-ion batteries and perhaps proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) for next-generation electrified transportation and energy storage applications. In the present work, a flow-type ZAFC with mechanical rechargeable was adopted, combined with an auxiliary cell (electrolyzer) for zinc renewal and electrolyte recharge to the main cell. In this work a practical study was performed to calculate the cell capacity (Ah), as well as study the electrolysis cell efficiency by current efficiency, and study the effective parameters that have an influence on cell performance such as space velocity and current density. The best parameters were selected to obtain the best performance for cell operation. The obtained cell capacity was 2.4Ah. The best performance of the electrolyzer was obtained with 0.6min-1 space velocity. At the same time, the best performance of the electrolyzer was when the value of the current density was 200A/m2","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42261029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetic Study of Transesterification Reaction of Edible Oil Using Heterogenous Catalyst 多相催化剂催化食用油酯交换反应动力学研究
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.2
Haider Aljendeel, E. Borhan, M. Al-Ani
{"title":"Kinetic Study of Transesterification Reaction of Edible Oil Using Heterogenous Catalyst","authors":"Haider Aljendeel, E. Borhan, M. Al-Ani","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"   AlPO4 solid acid catalyst was prepared in order to use it in transesterification reaction of edible oil after supporting it with tungsten oxide. The maximum conversion of edible oil was obtained 78.78% at catalyst concentration (5gm.), temperature 70°Ϲ, 30/1 methanol/edible oil molar ratio, and time 5hr. The study of kinetics of the transesterification reaction of edible oil indicates that the reaction has an order of 3/2, while the value of activation energy for  transesterification reaction is 51.367 kJ/mole and frequency factor equal 26219.13(L/ mol.minute).","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48112044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mathematical Modeling of a Hollow Fiber Module Used in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Process 缓压渗透中空纤维模组的数学建模
Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Pub Date : 2022-09-30 DOI: 10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.1
F. Yaseen, A. F. Al-Alawy, Adel Sharif
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of a Hollow Fiber Module Used in Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Process","authors":"F. Yaseen, A. F. Al-Alawy, Adel Sharif","doi":"10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"   Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) can be considered as one of the methods for utilizing osmotic power, which is a membrane-based technology. Mathematical modeling plays an essential part in the development and optimization of PRO energy-generating systems. In this research, a mathematical model was developed for the hollow fiber module to predict the power density and the permeate water flux theoretically. Sodium chloride solution was employed as the feed and draw solution. Different operating parameters, draw solution concentration (1 and 2 M), the flow rate of draw solution (2, 3, and 4 L/min), and applied hydraulic pressure difference (0 - 90 bar) was used to evaluate the performance of PRO process of a hollow fiber module. The effect of these operational parameters was investigated on the theoretical permeate water flux and power density. According to the theoretical results, the permeate water flux and the power density increased with increasing the concentration of draw solution and the flow rate of the draw solution. While decreased with increasing the feed solution concentration. By increasing the applied hydraulic pressure on the draw solution, the water flux decreased and the produced power density increased. The maximum power density and the corresponding permeate water flux of 2 M NaCl draw solution was approximately 16.414 W/m2 and 11.818 LMH respectively, which occurs at an applied hydraulic pressure of 50 bar.","PeriodicalId":53067,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47535133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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