Annals of Indian Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"A young woman with intellectual disability, epilepsy, and psychosis of unclear prognosis","authors":"A. Lall, B. Dorai, C. Pradeep, A. Esaimozhi","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_72_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_72_22","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual disability is a known condition, but psychosis and its extension in functional areas of life, with episodes of seizures in between, make the case complex and leave clinicians with a limited choice of treatment and unpredictable outcomes. We present the case of a 20-year-old female with intellectual disability, episodes of seizures, and pattern of psychosis, with its course describing the perplexity of the treatment in the area of its outcome predictability, which also highlights the lack of a structured approach for clinicians' guidance in managing it as a multidisciplinary field.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":"78 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47120414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exacerbation of Pica as a Precursor of Psychosis","authors":"Priyash Jain, Varchasvi Mudgal, Koustubh R. Bagul, Minakshi Verma","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_79_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_79_23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pica is a sustained, compulsive eating behavior of nonedible substances. Pica has been described as sequelae of psychosis due to its state of disorganization; however, temporal and causal relationship between the two has not been reported in the context of exacerbation of pica before psychosis. Various causes of pica have been identified including malnutrition, iron-deficiency anemia, zinc deficiency, intellectual disability, and obsessive and impulse control disorders. Here, we describe a case of worsening pica which preceded exacerbation of psychosis in an 18-year-old female which was managed with antipsychotics along with complete remission of psychosis and improvement in the severity of pica. The present case highlights the association between psychosis and pica. There has been a rising voice in academia to reclassify pica alongside obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with no absolute consensus. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the exacerbation of pica preceded psychosis and can be construed as an indicator for an upcoming psychotic episode or as a prodromal aspect of psychosis and may be useful for early identification and initiation of treatment in cases of relapsing psychosis.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134979917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Depression among Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus without Overt Complications and Its Association with Glycemic Control in a Tertiary Care Center in India – A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Aswini Anugraha, Suvarna Jyothi Kantipudi, Shriraam Mahadevan","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_205_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_205_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise worldwide posing a serious threat to public health. In India, it has increased from 3.3% to 19% in urban and 2.4% to 15% in rural areas from 1972 to 2019. Depression is a major contributor to disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and common comorbidity in diabetic patients. Studies show a bidirectional relationship between depression and diabetes. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study aims to estimate the occurrence of depression in type 2 diabetic patients and to find the association between depression and glycemic control in a tertiary care center in Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of 18–65 years of age. Hemoglobin A1C levels were collected, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered for screening depression. If PHQ ≥10, the Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was done to confirm the diagnosis of depression. The severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire was used to assess their self-management behaviors. Results: One hundred and fourteen patients (male = 36, female = 78) were screened for depression, and the diagnosis was confirmed with MINI. Twenty-six patients scored ≥10 scores, of which 8 (7%) met the criteria for moderate depression and 18 (15.8%) for mild depression. Eighty-eight (77.2%) had no depression. The characteristics significantly associated with depression were female gender, poor glycemic control, and systemic hypertension. Conclusion: There are clear evidence in the literature for an increased prevalence of depression in diabetic patients resulting in poorer prognosis. This study demonstrated the association of poor glycemic control with depression. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment approach addressing both disorders would help improve the global health burden by reducing mortality and DALYs.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134979903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Correlates of Happiness: Some Insights","authors":"Avinash De Sousa","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_169_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_169_23","url":null,"abstract":"Happiness is a subjective feeling of positive emotion. Happiness has been closely linked to pleasure and pleasant feelings. The meaning of the word “happiness” has multiple meanings which include good fortune or luck in life or in a particular affair (success, prosperity) and a state of pleasurable content of mind, which results from success or the attainment of what is considered good, which also includes successful or felicitous aptitude, fitness, suitability, or appropriateness. The psychological process of reward is closely linked to pleasure or liking, psychological and neuroscience studies have focused on the neural circuitry that processes reward and pleasure to understand how happiness is generated in the brain and also to elucidate which brain structures participate in generating pleasure and happiness.[1] The neuroscience of happiness is still in nascent stages with multiple circuits that have not been identified as yet. The role of specific structures has not yet been properly elucidated as well. Key brain structures or hotspots for pleasure have been identified using functional brain imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging.[2] The article is an overview of the various neural substrates that may be involved in the generation and maintenance of happiness in humans. We shall first consider brain structures that presumably participate in generating feelings of pleasure and we shall also discuss important brain areas, including the basal ganglia, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the insula. TOWARD A NEUROBIOLOGY OF HAPPINESS Recent advances in social cognitive and affective neuroscience have revealed brain networks linked to pleasure and reward. The brain areas activated coincident with pleasure and positive emotions are widespread across the brain. These areas include the orbitofrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the medial prefrontal cortex, the insula, the nucleus accumbens, the ventral pallidum, the substantia nigra, and the ventral tegmental area.[3] These areas are often called hedonic hotspots as they light up during pleasurable activities in functional neuroimaging studies. A reward activates the reward system or hedonic hotspots and generates feelings of pleasure or positive emotions (i.e. liking) and also activates motivational systems and produces incentive behavior (wanting).[4] The electrical stimulation of subcortical structures, such as the nucleus accumbens, the lateral hypothalamus, and the ventral tegmental area, has been known to produce strong incentive behaviors in animal studies.[5] The orbitofrontal cortex, the insula, and the medial prefrontal cortex are considered to participate in liking and pleasure.[6] DOPAMINE – THE PLEASURE NEUROTRANSMITTER Behavioral studies have established that subcortical brain structures along the medial forebrain bundle produce the brain stimulation reward effect. There are multiple neurotransmitters or neuro","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of innovative method to create suicide prevention awareness among undergraduate medical students","authors":"Jagdish Varma, Tejas Patel, Anusha Prabhakaran, Jaikumar Contractor, Ankur Mahida, U. Kharod, Himanshu V. Pandya","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_47_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_47_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":"85 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46464309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological impact of COVID-19 on health-care workers in Southern India","authors":"P. Shaik, Niharika Halder, Saranya Thota, Sneha Nachu, V. Bhavani, Nijampatnam P. M. Pavani","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_126_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_126_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study aims to uncover some of the relevant concerns, with a specific emphasis on psychological and mental status evaluation, as well as a few suggested coping mechanisms. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study conducted on medical, dental, and nursing from all over India. The questionnaire, which consisted of 19 questions, was designed to determine the health-care professionals' awareness of the WHO guidelines. Collected data were computed with SPSS version 25 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Medical (4.23 ± 0.645) health-care personnel have higher mean stress levels than nursing (3.16 ± 0.458) and dental (2.2 ± 0.953) health-care workers (HCWs) (P = 0.0001). In terms of work experience, 6–10 years (3.35 ± 1.13) have higher stress levels than 1–5 years and >10 years (P = 0.005). Conclusion: This study uncovered a high pervasiveness of discerning stress among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic, which afflicted all workers despite the demographic status.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":"25 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49465543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Language and Speech Development and Autistic Behavior in Children","authors":"Susmita Halder, K. Akash Mahato","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_169_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_169_22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The COVID pandemic had a disabling effect on people of all ages and sexes. The enforced lockdown to curb infection rates is hypothesized to have affected toddlers and young children in the developmental phase. The authors report this observation of a significant increase in the consultation numbers of children with speech and language issues and autistic-like behavior postpandemic from Kolkata, West Bengal, and India. There were striking similarities in the profile of these child cases, adding to the doubt whether the COVID pandemic and subsequent lockdown facilitated in the development of language and speech deficits as well as autistic-like features in developing children. It would be of important to know if the effects are temporary in nature or improve with time. Appropriate intervention strategies are suggested.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rape survivors: Need for multifaceted rehabilitation program","authors":"Anu Teotia","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_31_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_31_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":"87 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their biological parents have concurrent signs suggestive of Marfan's syndrome? A cross sectional study","authors":"Kuldeep Saneja, Devavrat G. Harshe, Ankit Halder, N. Ravindran, Gurudas Harshe","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_131_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_131_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of Marfan's syndrome (MFS) is 2–3/10,000 people, whereas the prevalence of schizophrenia is 100/10,000 people. Although existing literature does not have robust scientific evidence to support such an association, the possibility of such should be explored because patients suffering from MFS do have higher degree of psychiatric comorbidities than the general population. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study randomly recruited 50 patients with schizophrenia and both their biological parents. All patients and controls were examined clinically for mental status examination, ophthalmological evaluation with refraction and slit-lamp examination, anthropometric evaluation for skeletal deformities, and two-dimensional echocardiographic assessment. Results: All the patients had a normal upper segment/lower segment ratio, arm span/height span, slit-lamp examination results, refraction, and aortic root Z score. There was no significant difference in anthropometric measurements and Z scores between genders and between patients and control groups. Conclusion: The study found no co-occurrence of marfanoid features in schizophrenic patients and their biological parents.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":"71 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49441072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for psychosocial morbidity in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in an urban setting","authors":"Mazher Ali, Syed Mateen, Arifuddin Ahmed, Ayesha Vaseem, M. Nasirabadi, B. Sethi, Ateeq Rahman","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_164_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_164_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease caused by absolute insulin deficiency. As per 2015 estimates, the number of affected children (<15 years) in India is estimated to be 70,200 children,[1] contributing almost 8% of the global burden. It poses additional challenges in the form of emotional stress and psychosocial adjustment problems. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on 101 subjects. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to survey mental health symptoms and positive attitudes. The Quality of Life (QoL) Questionnaire was used to assess the QoL. Results: The prevalence of Total difficulties score (TDS) with clinically significant problems was seen in 17.6% of the children. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between HbA1c levels and parent-reported TDS scores (r = 0.692, P < 0.0001). As the HbA1c levels increase, the peer problems (r = 0.322, P = 0.008) and prosocial behavior problems (r = −0.254, P = 0.028) significantly increased. Conclusion: The most common abnormal SDQ scores were found in conduct problems (38.2%) and emotional problems (35.3%). Regular monitoring of lipid profile, blood pressure, and renal indices is important to observe the effects of T1DM on end organs, along with timely screening of children and adolescents for diabetes and psychosocial illness, educating the caregivers about diabetes, monitoring of diet, psychosocial illness, and means to cope with them, which can also improve the psychological well-being and in turn QoL of children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":"7 1","pages":"35 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47103789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}