Annals of Indian Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Mindfulness in Different Sociodemographic Strata: Partial Validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in an Indian Sample","authors":"Buddhaditya Padhi, Nilamadhab Kar, Brajaballav Kar","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_42_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_42_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Mindfulness-based interventions are increasing in clinical and nonclinical populations. It is important to have a culturally validated instrument to measure the construct.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We intended to evaluate the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in an Indian sample, for its reliability and dimensionality along with any differences among the sociodemographic strata.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The design of the study was an online-based survey.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An anonymous survey was conducted involving adult participants with a convenience and snowball sampling method. Mindfulness based on MAAS responses and demographic details were collected.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cronbach’s alpha, t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, and factor analysis were used for analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The average mindfulness score was 4.3 ± 0.78, and skewness was − 0.39. The score was normally distributed. The reliability for the MAAS (Cronbach’s α =0.830) was acceptable. The split-half reliability correlation was 0.66. The mean of item scores varied from 3.52 to 4.85, and the standard deviation varied from 1.2 to 1.6. The factor analysis explained 53% variance and identified four factors named as “inattention to the present,” “lost in thought,” “lack of circumstantial awareness,” and “late realization of feelings.” MAAS scores were significantly different across age, marital status, and occupation but did not differ by gender, education, or economic status.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It appears that MAAS can be used in the Indian population; however, there is a need for further validation studies, in different specific populations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mindfulness in Different Sociodemographic Strata: Partial Validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in an Indian Sample","authors":"Buddhaditya Padhi, Nilamadhab Kar, Brajaballav Kar","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_42_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_42_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Mindfulness-based interventions are increasing in clinical and nonclinical populations. It is important to have a culturally validated instrument to measure the construct.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We intended to evaluate the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in an Indian sample, for its reliability and dimensionality along with any differences among the sociodemographic strata.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The design of the study was an online-based survey.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An anonymous survey was conducted involving adult participants with a convenience and snowball sampling method. Mindfulness based on MAAS responses and demographic details were collected.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Cronbach’s alpha, t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, and factor analysis were used for analysis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The average mindfulness score was 4.3 ± 0.78, and skewness was − 0.39. The score was normally distributed. The reliability for the MAAS (Cronbach’s α =0.830) was acceptable. The split-half reliability correlation was 0.66. The mean of item scores varied from 3.52 to 4.85, and the standard deviation varied from 1.2 to 1.6. The factor analysis explained 53% variance and identified four factors named as “inattention to the present,” “lost in thought,” “lack of circumstantial awareness,” and “late realization of feelings.” MAAS scores were significantly different across age, marital status, and occupation but did not differ by gender, education, or economic status.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 It appears that MAAS can be used in the Indian population; however, there is a need for further validation studies, in different specific populations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Anxiety Levels in Patients Scheduled to Undergo Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"A. Chail, B. A. Muthanna, Dharmesh Soneji, Harpreet Singh, R. Lahel","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been known to induce elevated levels of anxiety in patients due to multiple factors such as fear of closed spaces when they are scanned in a confined tube for a long duration and loud noise during scans. This study aims to objectively assess anxiety levels in patients scheduled to undergo MRI, using a psychometric scale known as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was conducted involving 2413 patients who presented to the MRI Centre of a tertiary care hospital for 1 year. All patients scheduled to undergo MRI were explained the objective of the study and those willing to participate were given a self-administered set of questionnaires of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score – Anxiety subset. Out of 2413 eligible patients, 2027 completed the questionnaires and were included in the study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The prevalence of anxiety among the prescan sample group was detected to be 52.5% and in the postscan group 66.5%. There was a greater proportion of females detected with anxiety at 60.3%. The most common age group involved was in the range of 41–50 years (37.7%). The fear of confinement in closed spaces and apprehension of high noise levels was detected to be the most common cause of anxiety at 44%.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Anxiety among patients scheduled to undergo MRI scans is a major issue that though known has not been given due importance in terms of actions instituted by the hospitals to assess the anxiety and stress levels of these patients. Physicians and hospital administration must make dedicated efforts to put in place psychological support measures to generate the best results out of the scheduled MRI exams, both in terms of clinical outcomes in the form of good quality scans to enable definitive diagnosis, and in financial terms to make the best use of time, workforce and commercial resources available and avoid loss in form of cost increments due to delay/cancellation of scans owing to patient anxiety.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Ultrasound Abdomen Findings with Liver Function Test and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Scores in Cases of Alcohol Use Disorder","authors":"A. Chail, Harpreet Singh, Smriti Mathur, R. Lahel","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_25_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There are three independent variables used in clinical practice to evaluate patients suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD); these are Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), liver function tests (LFTs), and imaging findings on ultrasound of the abdomen. There is limited literature about the association of imaging findings with LFT and AUDIT scores in cases of AUD.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study was conducted to determine the association of ultrasound abdomen findings with LFTs and AUDIT scores in patients with AUD.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study was conducted using data from 439 patients of AUD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) treated in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital. The data hence obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The ordinal data sets were compared using the Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ultrasonography (USG) findings of hepatic/portal system changes in patients of AUD show a significant association with the corresponding changes in AUDIT scores, serum bilirubin, and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. The ultrasound findings were also significantly associated with total years of drinking and average drinking (in g) per day in the last 3 years. The USG findings did not show a significant statistical association between ALT (alanine transaminase) and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In patients with alcohol use disorder, USG abdomen findings correlate with the severity of dependence as indicated by years of drinking, average alcohol consumption per day for the last 3 years, AUDIT score (last 1 year), and markers of liver injury (serum bilirubin and AST). Combined use of clinical severity indicators (e.g., AUDIT), lab parameters, and USG abdomen can help in the early diagnosis of ALD.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Observational Study to Assess Smartphone Usage in Patients of Anxiety and Depression","authors":"A. Nair, Ankit Halder, Roma Shahani, Nikhil Avula, Devavrat G. Harshe, Gurudas Harshe","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_220_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_220_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Anxiety and depression disorders are among the most common psychiatric illness in the community and primary care. There is paucity in data regarding the assessment of smartphone use in mental disorders. Therefore, the study was undertaken to assess the use of smartphones at the time of presentation at a tertiary care centre and after an episode of anxiety and/or depression.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 145 subjects were screened for depression and anxiety subjectively. Smartphone use was assessed at the time of diagnosis, and for 1 week, 5 weeks and 3 months by using Stay Free© App.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was significant correlation between total screen time with HAM D and HAM A scores.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Smartphone usage is significantly associated with severity of depression and anxiety. Counselling of the subjects with anxiety and depression regarding the effect of smartphones on health is required and instructions should be given regarding the proper use of gadgets.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Need for Exploring Meta-emotion Philosophy to Comprehend Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder","authors":"Eleanora Nallu Chith, Anuradha Sathiyaseelan","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_176_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_176_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The impact parenting has on the development of personality is quite known. The influence of emotions on a dysregulation level has been researched and found to influence the same. Earlier research points out that the dismissing meta-emotion philosophies parents hold have impacted the development of various psychological ailments. Evidence also indicates how the parents’ emotion-coaching philosophies efficiently aid an individual’s development. This article reviews the need to explore and understand the meta-emotion philosophy of parents of individuals diagnosed with emotionally unstable personality disorder to better comprehend the emotional functionality of the parents and the individuals with the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140740254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Course and Outcome of Depressive Disorders among Patients with Alcohol Dependence","authors":"D. Rout, Snigdha Awasthi, Manoj Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_109_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_109_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Alcohol dependence is likely to influence treatment processes and outcomes in depressive patients. This co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and depressive disorder has been previously associated with greater severity and a worse prognosis for both entities. However, there is a dearth of Indian studies on this issue.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To examine the course and outcome among alcohol-dependent/nondependent depressive patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Semistructured pro forma for demographic details, International Classification of Diseases 10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research criteria for diagnosis, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) for severity of depression were administered to 124 persons at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The differences between the groups’ HAM-D scores were found to be statistically significant at all time points (i.e., at baseline, 6 weeks, and 3 months) (P < 0.001), with overall worst scores among patients with bipolar depression with alcohol dependence (Group IA) (P < 0.05 at all follow-up points), indicative of slower remission of depression and poorer course in these patients. Among patients of unipolar depression, those with alcohol dependence scored worse on the HAM-D scale at 3 months of follow-up indicative of worse outcomes in the long term.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Patients with mood disorder and AUD were found to have worse outcome on follow-up as compared to those without. Furthermore, bipolar patients with AUD were found to have the worse depression at the end of follow-up thus indicating a poorer outcome in the long term. However, future studies should incorporate study of associated factors and how it contributes to worse outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Thalamic Astrocytoma Presenting as Depression and Cognitive Impairment","authors":"B. Annigeri, K. Priyankha, Rajesh Raman","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_162_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_162_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The thalamus is the relay site for most afferent pathways. Thalamic lesions cause mental symptoms such as depressive symptoms, anxiety, poor attention and concentration, and memory disturbances. This case report describes a 35-year-old female patient who presented with sadness, disinterest in daily activities, anxiety, crying spells, and other mental symptoms. On detailed inquiry, she was also found to have reduced attention, concentration, and short-term memory disturbances, with no focal neurological deficit on examination. Imaging with magnetic resonance imaging brain revealed a bilateral thalamic low-grade astrocytoma. This case demonstrates that a careful understanding of the apathy and cognitive dysfunction in the presence of depression/anxiety is consequential. In this case, there is more to the clinical presentation of the symptoms of depression and anxiety than meets the eye. The expressionless face, apathy, and a certain degree of unawareness mark out the familiar depressive and anxiety symptoms from cognitive decline seen in thalamic lesions.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accidental Overdosing in Patients with Take-Home Methadone – A Case Series","authors":"Anshul Sharma, S. Arya, Gunjan Chadha, Rajivkumar Gupta","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_156_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_156_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Methadone maintenance therapy is administered at designated centers in India as “daily observed treatment” regimen. During the COVID-19 pandemic, guidelines were relaxed, and take-home methadone was allowed for 5–7 days. We discuss three cases of accidental methadone overdose among the patients who were on take-home dispensing. Among three cases, overdose was experienced by the patient himself in one case, while in the second one, it was by 2-year-old child of the patient, and in the third one, by the patient’s wife which proved fatal. Increasing number of treatment centers is likely to take up take-home policies owing to the ease and comfort of the patients. There is an urgent need to develop interventions which can be useful in supervising take-home dispensing and reducing the potential overdosing incidents.","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Postpartum Depression and Associated Risk Factors in Antenatal Women: A Cohort Study","authors":"Eshani Pandey, Sumit Mehta, Shobit Garg, Sanjibani Panigrahi, Anmol Suneja","doi":"10.4103/aip.aip_160_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_160_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The incidence of postpartum depression (PPD) varies across cultures, regions, and communities, and there are very few studies addressing this issue, henceforth making it difficult to estimate the actual burden of the disease.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and identify potential risk factors for PPD in a cohort of antenatal women.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study conducted in a tertiary hospital included 105 participants in their second or third trimester of pregnancy. Relationship with and support from the family were assessed. The scales applied were the Perceived Stress Scale, Ardell Wellness Stress Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Participants were followed up 4 weeks postnatally. They were asked about the gender of their baby, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was applied. PPD was evaluated using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria and International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 105 participants, 6 were lost to follow-up. Among the 99 women, an EPDS score of ≥10 was identified in 17 women who were diagnosed with PPD. The risk factors according to our study were sleep disturbances, state anxiety, stress, and obstetrical complications antenatally and female sex of the newborn. These risk factors are likely to be interactive as well as multiplicative in effect.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study shows a high prevalence of PPD in Indian mothers. There is enough evidence suggesting that intervention for PPD is crucial for the care of the mother as well as for the well-being of the infant, hence an integrated approach is required for its screening.\u0000","PeriodicalId":52916,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140420662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}