Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: Past, present and future clinical use","authors":"Joanna E. Georgakas ,&nbsp;Matthew D. Howe ,&nbsp;Louisa I. Thompson ,&nbsp;Natalie M. Riera ,&nbsp;Meghan C. Riddle","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2023.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2023.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide. AD is associated with several neuropathologic changes including the progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles, neuroinflammation, cerebral small vessel disease and neurodegeneration, many of which are known to begin years before the onset of clinical symptoms. As such, there is a growing interest in developing biomarkers that can be used to detect these changes in the brains of at-risk individuals to facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis. This may allow for earlier intervention with disease-modifying therapies to slow the progression of irreversible neurodegeneration and improve quality of life. The current review seeks to provide a concise overview of the neuropathology and genetics underlying AD, and then summarize the most promising clinically available and experimental biomarkers of AD. These include structural neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood-based assays. Multiple potential clinical uses for these biomarkers are then described, including screening at-risk populations for disease, aiding in differential diagnosis of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), monitoring the impact of lifestyle intervention and disease modifying therapies, identification and treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia, and aiding in planning for end of life care. Finally, additional areas of future research are discussed, including replication of biomarker studies in more diverse patient cohorts, characterization of real-world clinical and psychological impacts of biomarker testing, as well as novel biomarkers currently under investigation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44083470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of complement system in neuropsychiatric disorders: A mini review","authors":"Danny Perez Sierra ,&nbsp;Ashutosh Tripathi ,&nbsp;Anilkumar Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Complement system is one of the most important defense mechanisms of the innate immune system. In addition to their roles in immune regulation, complement proteins are also involved in neurodevelopment and adult brain plasticity. Complement dysregulation has been shown in neurodevelopmental disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder as well as in mood disorders. A number of clinical as well as genetic studies suggest the role of complement proteins in the cortical thinning and excessive synaptic pruning frequently associated with schizophrenia. The changes in complement proteins are also associated with the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, but warrant further research. In addition, rodent models suggest a strong case for complement system in anxiety-like behavior. In this article, we review the recent findings on the role of complement system in neuropsychiatric disorders. The possible uses for future complement targeted therapies are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6c/38/nihms-1855846.PMC10136364.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9399673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood tests of brain function: Neuronal extracellular vesicles","authors":"Amir Levine ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Strawn","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny (&lt;1 µm) membrane-bound vesicles released by all tissues (including the brain) that cross the blood-brain barrier and facilitate cell-to-cell communication within and among tissues. They represent the body’s “Twitter system,” rapidly disseminating packets of information throughout the brain and body. Not unlike Twitter, EVs convey short messages through their cargos (e.g., RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites), which direct the molecular activity of recipient cells in both health and disease. Extracellular vesicles serve as mediators of brain function and represent a reservoir for CNS-specific biomarkers that can be sequestered from plasma to guide diagnosis and treatment, representing a new frontier in the molecular study of psychiatric illness and in the development of biomarkers. The EV field has immense potential to revolutionize diagnostic approaches in psychiatry, facilitate precision treatment, predict response, and discover much-needed novel therapeutics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000132/pdfft?md5=a79550976d5a89f60f53267489b224c1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000132-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42976788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding missing disclosure statements of previously published articles in volumes 2 and 5","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000090/pdfft?md5=1240077f4fe27478b465f280fe64f6d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000090-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44898363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between cholesterol and response to escitalopram and nortriptyline in patients with major depression: Study combining clinical and register-based information","authors":"Christiane Gasse ,&nbsp;Christian Otte ,&nbsp;Stefan M. Gold ,&nbsp;Betina Elfving ,&nbsp;Ole Mors ,&nbsp;Ole Köhler-Forsberg","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Little is known whether cholesterol levels affect depression treatment outcomes. We aimed to study the association between baseline and changes in blood cholesterol levels with drug-specific antidepressant response and long-term prognosis in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>From the Danish site of the GENDEP trial, we included patients with MDD randomized to escitalopram or nortriptyline treatment. Total and free cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and depression severity using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression rating scale (MADRS) were measured at baseline and after 26 weeks of treatment initiation. By linkage with nationwide registers, we analyzed psychiatric and cardiometabolic hospital contacts during the five years after the trial. We assessed the association of cholesterol levels with a) depression severity using linear and mixed effects regression analyses; and b) the register-based outcomes using Cox regression analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 78 patients (mean age 38 years, 74% women, mean MADRS score 28 [SD=4.5]), baseline cholesterol levels were not correlated with antidepressant response. Among 58 patients with measurements at week 0 and 26, cholesterol levels significantly increased in both treatment groups. Only in patients using escitalopram did the increase in total and free cholesterol and LDL correlate with improved antidepressant response. Baseline or changes in cholesterol were not associated with 5-year outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Secondary analyses on a rather small sample.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides clinical insight into potential drug-specific associations between increases in cholesterol levels and antidepressant response to escitalopram but not nortriptyline.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000120/pdfft?md5=418c7ea340cfd2b102845e6243856e17&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000120-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42661995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate lymphoid cells in depression: Current status and perspectives","authors":"Amit Kumar Madeshiya ,&nbsp;Anilkumar Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has provided new insights into our understanding of the pathogenesis of many disease conditions with immune dysregulation. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) induce type I immunity and are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet; ILC2s stimulate type II immune responses and are defined by the expression of signature cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, and transcription factors ROR-α and GATA3; ILC3s requires the transcription factor RORγt and produce IL-22 and IL-17. ILCs are largely tissue-resident and are enriched at barrier surfaces of the mammalian body. Increasing evidence shows that inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Although few studies have directly investigated the role of ILCs in depression, several studies have examined the levels of cytokines produced by ILCs in depressed subjects. This review summarizes the potential roles of ILCs in depression. A better understanding of the biology of ILCs may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the management of depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/e1/nihms-1855845.PMC10136288.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9404671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) are intact in schizophrenia and not sensitive to cognitive training","authors":"Peter E. Clayson ,&nbsp;Yash B. Joshi ,&nbsp;Michael L. Thomas ,&nbsp;Joyce Sprock ,&nbsp;John Nungaray ,&nbsp;Neal R. Swerdlow ,&nbsp;Gregory A. Light","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients with schizophrenia have impairments in early auditory system functioning that relate to clinical, cognitive, and psychosocial functioning. Some neurophysiological biomarkers of auditory information processing are sensitive to and predictive of clinically relevant outcomes following auditory-based targeted cognitive training (TCT) in schizophrenia. It is not known, however, whether schizophrenia patients show abnormalities at the earliest stage of sensory processing reflecting the integrity of the ascending auditory pathway at the level of the brainstem, or whether such abnormalities can serve as biomarkers. This study aimed to determine whether click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (click ABRs) are 1) abnormal in schizophrenia patients relative to healthy comparison subjects (HCS), 2) acutely sensitive to or predictive of TCT response, and 3) associated with clinically relevant symptoms. We also sought to determine whether 4) click ABRs show adequate psychometric reliability. Click ABRs were examined in 52 patients with schizophrenia and 32 HCS. Patients were randomized to either TCT (<em>n</em> = 30), which comprised 30 h of training, or treatment as usual (TAU; <em>n</em> = 23). Patients showed intact click ABRs relative to HCS and click ABRs did not change significantly after 1 or 30 h of TCT. Exploratory analyses revealed modest relationships between click ABRs and baseline measures of positive symptoms and speech-in-noise perception; acute changes in ABRs were modestly related to improvements on measures of cognition independent of treatment. ABR measurements showed adequate internal consistency indicating their suitability for cross-sectional studies of individual differences, but poor test-retest reliability indicating poor suitability for clinical trials. In contrast to a growing literature demonstrating the utility of later cortical neurophysiological measures for translational research, the present findings indicate that brainstem-mediated responses are intact in schizophrenia and are not sensitive to or predictive of clinical changes in the context of TCT. These data provide guidance for establishing future neurophysiology-guided interventions in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000016/pdfft?md5=c764a50a22546f00b892458f28e162cc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000016-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44510150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum regarding missing Human/Animal welfare/Ethical statements in previously published articles","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000065/pdfft?md5=eb684ed3c44353eb47e6be3a937ada83&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000065-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocircuitry of treatment in anxiety disorders","authors":"W. Tommy Baumel ,&nbsp;Lu Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Huang ,&nbsp;Andrew T. Drysdale ,&nbsp;John A. Sweeny ,&nbsp;Qiyong Gong ,&nbsp;Chad M. Sylvester ,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Strawn","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Understanding how treatments change neurobiology is critical to developing predictors of treatment response. This is especially true for anxiety disorders—the most common psychiatric disorders across the lifespan. With this in mind, we examined neurofunctional predictors of treatment response and neurofunctional changes associated with treatment across anxiety disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed/Medline was searched for prospective treatment studies that included parallel examinations of functional activation or connectivity (both task-based and resting state) in adults and youth with panic disorder and generalized, separation, and/or social anxiety disorders published before April 30, 2021. All studies examining baseline predictors or changes related to pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic treatment of <em>DSM-IV</em> and <em>DSM-5</em> anxiety disorders were included. Demographic, clinical, and treatment data as well as neurofunctional outcomes were extracted and summarized.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Twenty-nine studies examined changes in functional activation and/or connectivity (56 treatment arms) related to treatment and twenty-three examined neurofunctional predictors of treatment response. Predictors of treatment response and treatment-related neurofunctional changes were frequently observed within amygdala-prefrontal circuits. However, immense heterogeneity and few replication studies preclude a cohesive neurofunctional treatment response model across anxiety disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The extant literature describing neurofunctional aspects of treatment response in anxiety disorders is best viewed as a partially constructed scaffold on which to build a clinically translatable set of robust neuroimaging biomarkers that can be used to guide treatment and to select from available treatment. The construction of this understanding will require harmonization of analytic and task approaches, larger samples, and replication of component studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2a/3f/nihms-1815776.PMC9222661.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40399708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote digital phenotyping in serious mental illness: Focus on negative symptoms, mood symptoms, and self-awareness","authors":"Michelle L. Miller ,&nbsp;Ian M. Raugh ,&nbsp;Gregory P. Strauss ,&nbsp;Philip D. Harvey","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The serious mental illness (SMI) phenotype is marked by several different symptom domains and biomedical challenges. The nature of SMI renders in-person assessment challenging, due to problems in event recall, response biases, lack of experience in real-world functional domains, and difficulties identifying informants. Digital strategies offer a promising alternative to in-person assessments and allow for remote delivery of cognitive and social cognitive assessments in addition to continuous momentary assessment of activities, moods, symptoms, expressions, experiences, and psychophysiological variables. Remote assessments of mood, emotion, behavior, cognition, and self-assessment have been successfully collected across various SMI conditions. Both active (paging and triggered observations of facial and vocal expressions) and passive (global positioning, actigraphy) methods have been deployed remotely, similarly to in-person assessments previously conducted in the laboratory. Advanced strategies in data analysis are used to examine this information and to guide the development of newer advances in assessment of phenotypic variation in SMI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000028/pdfft?md5=34b3819a754c01f9ad82c6d2761586e2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000028-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137044066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}