Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"What can clozapine’s effect on neural oscillations tell us about its therapeutic effects? A scoping review and synthesis","authors":"Nicolas Raymond ,&nbsp;Paulo Lizano ,&nbsp;Sinead Kelly ,&nbsp;Rachal Hegde ,&nbsp;Sarah Keedy ,&nbsp;Godfrey D. Pearlson ,&nbsp;Elliot S. Gershon ,&nbsp;Brett A. Clementz ,&nbsp;Carol A. Tamminga ,&nbsp;Matcheri Keshavan","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Clozapine, a drug effective in treatment resistant schizophrenia, can modulate the brain’s electrical activity as measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG). Past reviews have focused on synthesizing literature related to epileptiform activity or rate of seizures in clozapine treated individuals. The aim of this review was to determine whether clozapine’s mediated effects on measurements related to neural oscillations can inform its therapeutic effects. Here, literature pertaining to studies that implemented pre-post designed investigations of clozapine and measured frequency characteristics of neural oscillations in individuals with schizophrenia were reviewed. The synthesis of findings suggests that while clozapine is associated with alterations in all neural oscillations, slower waves (delta and theta) are consistently increased in power by clozapine. We then further discuss potential mechanisms that may underlie these effects of clozapine. Future research can implement the findings of this review to motivate hypothesis-driven investigations into clozapine responsiveness biomarkers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266614462200003X/pdfft?md5=ea56b6e2df738833a2c45625ccb8200f&pid=1-s2.0-S266614462200003X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41559283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance to depth inversion illusions: A biosignature of psychosis with potential utility for monitoring positive symptom emergence and remission in schizophrenia","authors":"Samantha I. Fradkin ,&nbsp;Steven M. Silverstein","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The predictive coding theory of psychosis posits that individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate abnormalities in the strength of top-down modulation (based on prior experience) of sensory signals. Evidence suggests that difficulty perceiving depth inversion illusions (DIIs) (i.e., more accurate perception of stimuli under conditions in which control subjects perceive these illusions) may reflect this abnormality in people with schizophrenia. This review synthesizes findings from all studies that have investigated DII perception in schizophrenia, high-risk syndromes, and conditions associated with risk for psychosis outside of a psychotic disorder such as those involving cannabis use, alcohol intoxication and withdrawal, and sleep deprivation. Cognitive and biological mechanisms contributing to DII resistance, and strengths and confounds of using the DII task as a measure of predictive coding are also discussed. The available evidence indicates that psychosis is associated with resistance to DIIs, whereas schizophrenia in the absence of active psychosis is less strongly associated with this effect. This may be due to psychosis-related deficiencies in top-down signaling and a compensatory overreliance on bottom-up signaling. Overall, the evidence reviewed suggests that the DII task is a sensitive measure of predictive coding in schizophrenia that could be used as a visual biomarker to predict risk and impending changes in clinical state within the disorder. Additional studies that measure changes longitudinally are necessary to further explore the possibility of using the DII task as a visual biomarker for psychosis in clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000053/pdfft?md5=4160685b61d89579f082b6ad5e292af5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000053-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137043576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential expression of serum extracellular vesicle microRNAs and analysis of target-gene pathways in major depressive disorder","authors":"Nagiua Cuomo-Haymour ,&nbsp;Stefan Kaiser ,&nbsp;Matthias Hartmann-Riemer ,&nbsp;Karoline Guetter ,&nbsp;Federica Klaus ,&nbsp;Flurin Cathomas ,&nbsp;Erich Seifritz ,&nbsp;Giorgio Bergamini ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Russo ,&nbsp;Christopher R. Pryce","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2022.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) presents with both peripheral and central alterations, such that crosstalk between the periphery and the central nervous system could contribute to its aetio-pathophysiology. One putative mediating mechanism is circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo. In this study, we investigated differential expression of the serum EV miRNome in MDD patients versus controls with the aims of identifying potential EV miRNA biomarkers and downstream target gene pathways.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>miRNA-Sequencing was performed on serum EVs isolated from MDD patients (n = 42) and matched healthy Controls (n = 18). Differential expression analysis was conducted, followed by diagnostic power analysis of dysregulated EV miRNAs, and pathway analysis of their target genes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of 1800 serum EV miRNAs detected consistently, 33 were differentially expressed in MDD and Control subjects, 17 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis identified an up-regulated and a down-regulated panel of EV miRNAs, each with additive diagnostic power as a differential biomarker for MDD. Predicted target gene-pathways were significantly enriched with respect to brain function, signal transduction and substance dependence ontology.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study provides one of the first reports of dysregulation of the peripheral EV miRNome in MDD, including evidence for EV miRNAs as potential MDD biomarkers and identification of pathways via which they may contribute to MDD pathophysiology. Large-scale studies are required to confirm EV miRNome biomarker potential in MDD. Empirical evidence for involvement of the dysregulated EV miRNAs in the predicted target-gene pathways relevant to MDD pathophysiology is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144622000041/pdfft?md5=fa7c10a0745f823a352b107bccf40bd4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144622000041-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44282058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-device reliability of swept source and spectral domain optical coherence tomography and retinal layer differences in schizophrenia","authors":"Swetha Gandu ,&nbsp;Deepthi Bannai ,&nbsp;Iniya Adhan ,&nbsp;Megan Kasetty ,&nbsp;Raviv Katz ,&nbsp;Rebecca Zang ,&nbsp;Olivia Lutz ,&nbsp;Leo A. Kim ,&nbsp;Matcheri Keshavan ,&nbsp;John B. Miller ,&nbsp;Paulo Lizano","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to study retinal structure in schizophrenia. Changes in retinal structure, especially the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) has been correlated with psychotic disorders. Measurement variability is a concern since there are various generations of OCT devices. We investigated the inter- and intra-device agreement of macular thickness between spectral domain (SD−OCT) and swept source−OCT (SS−OCT), and compared macula and peripapillary group differences in schizophrenia using SS−OCT.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Macular OCT thickness was obtained for schizophrenia (SZ, n = 30) and healthy controls (HC, n = 22) subjects using SD−OCT (Heidelberg Spectralis) and SS−OCT (DRI Topcon Triton). Peripapillary thickness was obtained using SS−OCT. RNFL, ganglion cell-inner plexiform complex (GCL+), RNFL plus GCL+ (GCL++), and macular thickness were collected. Clinical and cognitive data were gathered. All statistical analyses were performed using R software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was excellent inter-scanner agreement for GCL + and GCL++ with ICC’s between r = 0.92−0.99. Good-to-excellent intra-scanner (OD vs OS) agreement was present except for macular RNFL in the SS−OCT device. No significant peripapillary group differences were identified. Poorer GAF scores were correlated with thinner macular layers and thinner overall peripapillary retinal layer. Greater mania symptoms were associated with smaller peripapillary GCL + thickness (r=-0.43, p = 0.03). Poor overall cognition (Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) was associated with smaller overall peripapillary retinal thickness (r = 0.36, p = 0.02).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>While there is RNFL variability, GCL + and GCL++ are comparable between scanners SD−OCT and SS−OCT. Given that RNFL thinning is strongly implicated in psychotic disorders, the use of OCT scanners should not be interchanged due to increased RNFL measurement variability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"94779757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of antipsychotic medications, amino acid signatures, and platelet-activating factor in first-episode psychosis","authors":"Bracha Erlanger Avigdor ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Ida Shinder ,&nbsp;Benjamin C. Orsburn ,&nbsp;Rana Rais ,&nbsp;Shin-ichi Kano ,&nbsp;Akira Sawa ,&nbsp;Jonathan Pevsner","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>First-episode psychosis refers to individuals early in the course of psychotic illness. Identifying the underlying biological processes, including biomarkers, is essential for improving diagnosis and treatment. We performed metabolomics profiling of plasma from a group of first-episode psychosis patients and matched neurotypical controls. Using global metabolomics profiling, we identified antipsychotic or antidepressant medication in 22 individuals diagnosed with first-episode psychosis, closely matching the drug prescription history. There were significant differences in levels of amino acids or their derivatives, including decreases in D<span>L</span>-arginine, <span>L</span>-histidine, DL-serine and threonine as well as increases in <span>L</span>-glutamic acid, ornithine, and proline. Using targeted metabolomics profiling of 408 compounds in plasma samples we identified significant differences in six compounds including decreases in serotonin and arginine as well as increased levels of sarcosine, proline, cis-4-hydroxyproline and trans-4-hydroxyproline. Platelet-activating factor levels were significantly elevated in the FEP cohort. These findings suggest potential biomarkers that require validation in independent cohorts, and in several cases provide supporting evidence for previously reported observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144621000162/pdfft?md5=81c9985e9e4c46bb8f2a0ebd904acbb9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144621000162-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46531561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior-posterior axis of hippocampal subfields across psychoses: A B-SNIP study","authors":"Elisabetta C. del Re ,&nbsp;Victor Zeng ,&nbsp;Ney Alliey-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Paulo Lizano ,&nbsp;Nicolas Bolo ,&nbsp;Olivia Lutz ,&nbsp;Godfrey Pearlson ,&nbsp;John A. Sweeney ,&nbsp;Brett A. Clementz ,&nbsp;Elliot Gershon ,&nbsp;Carol A. Tamminga ,&nbsp;Matcheri S. Keshavan","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The hippocampus (HP) is affected across psychoses, including schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar type 1 (BDP) and schizoaffective (SAD) disorders. We examined HP subfield volumetric abnormalities along the anterior-posterior (ventral-dorsal) axis of the HP in psychosis probands, defined by traditional (DSM) diagnoses and biologically defined subtypes (biotypes, based on cognition and electrophysiology). We hypothesized that biotypes would be better discriminated by HP longitudinal axis subfields abnormalities than DSM.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The sample included 455 probands from the Bipolar Schizophrenia Network for intermediate Phenotypes (BSNIP) dataset (age 35<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12.0): 124 unaffected (age 40.4<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->15.8) and 299 healthy controls (HC; 37<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->12.0). Probands were: SZ (190), BDP (151), SAD (114). Probands according to B-SNIP defined biotypes were: biotype-1 (BT1; 120), biotype-2 (BT2; 145), biotype-3 (BT3, 190). 3<!--> <!-->T MRI scans were processed with FreeSurfer6.0. The anterior (aHP) and posterior (pHP) HP and aHP and pHP subfields were extracted. Cognitive and clinical data were collected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All biotypes had smaller aHP subfields compared to HC. BT1 had smaller aHP than both BT2 and BT3. pHP subfields were also smaller in BT1 compared to HC and BT3, while the granule cells layer of the dentate gyrus distinguished BT2 from HC. DSM: aHP subfields were smaller in all DSM types compared to HC and did not differ among DSM categories. A few pHP subfields were affected in SAD and SZ compared to HC and distinguished SAD and SZ from BDP. Probands had smaller aHP compared to unaffected relatives.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Differences in subfield volumetric abnormalities along the anterior- posterior axis of the HP exist across psychoses. aHP abnormalities differ between psychosis probands and HC but do not discriminate among DSM categories. In contrast, biotypes can be differentiated from HC and from each other according to aHP-pHP subfields volumetric abnormalities. Thus, biotype typology may better reflect underlying neurobiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"94848968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene expression of methylation cycle and related genes in lymphocytes and brain of patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic controls","authors":"Henry Sershen ,&nbsp;Alessandro Guidotti ,&nbsp;James Auta ,&nbsp;Jenny Drnevich ,&nbsp;Dennis R. Grayson ,&nbsp;Marin Veldic ,&nbsp;Jordan Meyers ,&nbsp;Mary Youseff ,&nbsp;Adrian Zhubi ,&nbsp;Keturah Faurot ,&nbsp;Renrong Wu ,&nbsp;Jingping Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Jin ,&nbsp;Abel Lajtha ,&nbsp;John M. Davis ,&nbsp;Robert C. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some of the biochemical abnormalities underlying schizophrenia, involve differences in methylation and methylating enzymes, as well as other related target genes. We present results of a study of differences in mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and post-mortem brains of chronic schizophrenics (CSZ) and non-psychotic controls (NPC), emphasizing the differential effects of sex and antipsychotic drug treatment on mRNA findings. We studied mRNA expression in lymphocytes of 61 CSZ and 49 NPC subjects using qPCR assays with TaqMan probes to assess levels of DNMT, TET, GABAergic, NR3C1, BDNF mRNAs, and several additional targets identified in a recent RNA sequence analysis. In parallel we studied DNMT1 and GAD67 in samples of brain tissues from 19 CSZ, 26 NPC. In PBLs DNMT1 and DNMT3A mRNA levels were significantly higher in male CSZ vs NPC No significant differences were detected in females. The GAD1, NR3C1 and CNTNAP2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in CSZ than NPC. In CSZ patients treated with clozapine, GAD-1 related, CNTNAP2, and IMPA2 mRNAs were significantly higher than in CSZ subjects not treated with clozapine. Differences between CSZ vs NPC in these mRNAs was primarily attributable to the clozapine treatment. In the brain samples, DNMT1 was significantly higher and GAD67 was significantly lower in CSZ than in NPC, but there were no significant sex differences in diagnostic effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex and drug treatment effects in assessing the substantive significance of differences in mRNAs between CSZ and NPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39292686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced pituitary volume with relative T1 shortening correlates with behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome","authors":"Kenichi Yamada ,&nbsp;Masaki Watanabe,&nbsp;Kiyotaka Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex endocrinological and developmental disorder characterized by hyperphagic, autistic, and obsessive behaviors, which have been considered to primarily originate from hypothalamus-pituitary axis system alterations in the brain. While the pituitary gland has been demonstrated to contribute to behavioral phenotypes associated with neuropeptide, e.g., arginine-vasopressin, the relevant alterations in Prader-Willi syndrome remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate developmental abnormalities in the pituitary gland structures and determine whether the structural abnormalities are associated with behavioral characteristics in Prader-Willi syndrome. In total, 21 Japanese individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome and 31 healthy controls with typical development were included. Compared with the control group, the Prader-Willi syndrome group showed reduced anterior and posterior pituitary volume ratios per total intracranial volume with relative T₁ shortening in an age-associated manner. Moreover, altered volume ratios and signal intensities were negatively correlated with hyperphagia and autistic questionnaire scores but positively correlated with obsessive scores. The findings suggest that structural and functional alterations, in part due to altered hypothalamus-pituitary function, may contribute to the behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome. The imaging-behavior correlates and in vivo neurochemical visualization of the pituitary gland might be potential intrinsic biomarkers for behavioral phenotypes in Prader-Willi syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"97116985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents","authors":"A. Irem Sonmez ,&nbsp;Charles P. Lewis ,&nbsp;John D. Port ,&nbsp;Arjun P. Athreya ,&nbsp;Doo-Sop Choi ,&nbsp;Michael J. Zaccariello ,&nbsp;Julia Shekunov ,&nbsp;Caren J. Blacker ,&nbsp;Paul E. Croarkin","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25–50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that historical adversity would have a negative relationship with spectroscopic measures of glutamate metabolites in anterior cingulate cortex.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adolescent participants (aged 13–21) underwent a semi-structured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a 28-item assessment of childhood adversity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) scans at 3 Tesla of an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) voxel (8 cm³) encompassing both hemispheres were collected using a 2-dimensional <em>J</em>-averaged sequence to assess <em>N</em>-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and [NAA]/[Glx] concentrations. Generalized linear models assessed the relationships between CTQ scores and metabolite levels in ACC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 22 depressed participants) underwent ¹H-MRS and completed the CTQ measures. There were decrements in [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the ACC of participants with childhood adversity while no significant relationship between CTQ total score and any of the ACC metabolites was found in the combined sample. Exploratory results revealed a positive association between Glx levels and CTQ scores in depressed participants. Conversely the [NAA]/[Glx] ratio had a negative association with total CTQ scores in the depressed participants. Emotional Abuse Scale showed a significant negative relationship with [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the combined sample when adjusted for depression severity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that childhood adversity may impact brain neurochemical profiles. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of childhood adversity throughout development and in populations with other psychiatric disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/82/nihms-1767100.PMC9248870.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40476509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of microRNAs as putative biomarkers in major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior","authors":"Gianluca Serafini ,&nbsp;Alice Trabucco ,&nbsp;Giovanni Corsini ,&nbsp;Andrea Escelsior ,&nbsp;Andrea Amerio ,&nbsp;Andrea Aguglia ,&nbsp;Henry Nasrallah ,&nbsp;Mario Amore","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major affective disorder are common and disabling conditions linked to significant psychosocial impairment as well as negative outcome (e.g., suicidal behaviors) . According to a molecular perspective, major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior have been associated with structural and synaptic plasticity disturbances. Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may play a significant role in the translational regulation of the synapse. This comprehensive overview is aimed to carefully review the preclinical and clinical literature results regarding the involvement of miRNAs in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of major psychiatric conditions . MiRNAs may act as gene expression regulators critically affecting brain development. The alteration of some intracellular mechanisms together with impaired assembly, localization, and translational regulation of specific RNA binding proteins may affect important functions such as learning and memory contributing to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior. Based on the main findings, most of the miRNAs which have been identified to date are expressed in human brain, where they regulate prominent neurobiological processes, such as neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. The main implications of the present findings are critically discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110423453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}