Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Gene expression of methylation cycle and related genes in lymphocytes and brain of patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic controls","authors":"Henry Sershen ,&nbsp;Alessandro Guidotti ,&nbsp;James Auta ,&nbsp;Jenny Drnevich ,&nbsp;Dennis R. Grayson ,&nbsp;Marin Veldic ,&nbsp;Jordan Meyers ,&nbsp;Mary Youseff ,&nbsp;Adrian Zhubi ,&nbsp;Keturah Faurot ,&nbsp;Renrong Wu ,&nbsp;Jingping Zhao ,&nbsp;Hua Jin ,&nbsp;Abel Lajtha ,&nbsp;John M. Davis ,&nbsp;Robert C. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some of the biochemical abnormalities underlying schizophrenia, involve differences in methylation and methylating enzymes, as well as other related target genes. We present results of a study of differences in mRNA expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and post-mortem brains of chronic schizophrenics (CSZ) and non-psychotic controls (NPC), emphasizing the differential effects of sex and antipsychotic drug treatment on mRNA findings. We studied mRNA expression in lymphocytes of 61 CSZ and 49 NPC subjects using qPCR assays with TaqMan probes to assess levels of DNMT, TET, GABAergic, NR3C1, BDNF mRNAs, and several additional targets identified in a recent RNA sequence analysis. In parallel we studied DNMT1 and GAD67 in samples of brain tissues from 19 CSZ, 26 NPC. In PBLs DNMT1 and DNMT3A mRNA levels were significantly higher in male CSZ vs NPC No significant differences were detected in females. The GAD1, NR3C1 and CNTNAP2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in CSZ than NPC. In CSZ patients treated with clozapine, GAD-1 related, CNTNAP2, and IMPA2 mRNAs were significantly higher than in CSZ subjects not treated with clozapine. Differences between CSZ vs NPC in these mRNAs was primarily attributable to the clozapine treatment. In the brain samples, DNMT1 was significantly higher and GAD67 was significantly lower in CSZ than in NPC, but there were no significant sex differences in diagnostic effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering sex and drug treatment effects in assessing the substantive significance of differences in mRNAs between CSZ and NPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39292686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced pituitary volume with relative T1 shortening correlates with behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome","authors":"Kenichi Yamada ,&nbsp;Masaki Watanabe,&nbsp;Kiyotaka Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex endocrinological and developmental disorder characterized by hyperphagic, autistic, and obsessive behaviors, which have been considered to primarily originate from hypothalamus-pituitary axis system alterations in the brain. While the pituitary gland has been demonstrated to contribute to behavioral phenotypes associated with neuropeptide, e.g., arginine-vasopressin, the relevant alterations in Prader-Willi syndrome remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate developmental abnormalities in the pituitary gland structures and determine whether the structural abnormalities are associated with behavioral characteristics in Prader-Willi syndrome. In total, 21 Japanese individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome and 31 healthy controls with typical development were included. Compared with the control group, the Prader-Willi syndrome group showed reduced anterior and posterior pituitary volume ratios per total intracranial volume with relative T₁ shortening in an age-associated manner. Moreover, altered volume ratios and signal intensities were negatively correlated with hyperphagia and autistic questionnaire scores but positively correlated with obsessive scores. The findings suggest that structural and functional alterations, in part due to altered hypothalamus-pituitary function, may contribute to the behavior in Prader-Willi syndrome. The imaging-behavior correlates and in vivo neurochemical visualization of the pituitary gland might be potential intrinsic biomarkers for behavioral phenotypes in Prader-Willi syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"97116985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot spectroscopy study of adversity in adolescents","authors":"A. Irem Sonmez ,&nbsp;Charles P. Lewis ,&nbsp;John D. Port ,&nbsp;Arjun P. Athreya ,&nbsp;Doo-Sop Choi ,&nbsp;Michael J. Zaccariello ,&nbsp;Julia Shekunov ,&nbsp;Caren J. Blacker ,&nbsp;Paul E. Croarkin","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Childhood adversity is a global health problem affecting 25–50% of children worldwide. Few prior studies have examined the underlying neurochemistry of adversity in adolescents. This cross-sectional study examined spectroscopic markers of trauma in a cohort of adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. We hypothesized that historical adversity would have a negative relationship with spectroscopic measures of glutamate metabolites in anterior cingulate cortex.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adolescent participants (aged 13–21) underwent a semi-structured diagnostic interview and clinical assessment, which included the self-report Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), a 28-item assessment of childhood adversity. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) scans at 3 Tesla of an anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) voxel (8 cm³) encompassing both hemispheres were collected using a 2-dimensional <em>J</em>-averaged sequence to assess <em>N</em>-acetylaspartate (NAA), Glx (glutamate+glutamine) and [NAA]/[Glx] concentrations. Generalized linear models assessed the relationships between CTQ scores and metabolite levels in ACC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Thirty-nine participants (17 healthy controls, 22 depressed participants) underwent ¹H-MRS and completed the CTQ measures. There were decrements in [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the ACC of participants with childhood adversity while no significant relationship between CTQ total score and any of the ACC metabolites was found in the combined sample. Exploratory results revealed a positive association between Glx levels and CTQ scores in depressed participants. Conversely the [NAA]/[Glx] ratio had a negative association with total CTQ scores in the depressed participants. Emotional Abuse Scale showed a significant negative relationship with [NAA]/[Glx] ratio in the combined sample when adjusted for depression severity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that childhood adversity may impact brain neurochemical profiles. Further longitudinal studies should examine neurochemical correlates of childhood adversity throughout development and in populations with other psychiatric disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100043"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/82/nihms-1767100.PMC9248870.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40476509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential of microRNAs as putative biomarkers in major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior","authors":"Gianluca Serafini ,&nbsp;Alice Trabucco ,&nbsp;Giovanni Corsini ,&nbsp;Andrea Escelsior ,&nbsp;Andrea Amerio ,&nbsp;Andrea Aguglia ,&nbsp;Henry Nasrallah ,&nbsp;Mario Amore","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major affective disorder are common and disabling conditions linked to significant psychosocial impairment as well as negative outcome (e.g., suicidal behaviors) . According to a molecular perspective, major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior have been associated with structural and synaptic plasticity disturbances. Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), may play a significant role in the translational regulation of the synapse. This comprehensive overview is aimed to carefully review the preclinical and clinical literature results regarding the involvement of miRNAs in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of major psychiatric conditions . MiRNAs may act as gene expression regulators critically affecting brain development. The alteration of some intracellular mechanisms together with impaired assembly, localization, and translational regulation of specific RNA binding proteins may affect important functions such as learning and memory contributing to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and suicidal behavior. Based on the main findings, most of the miRNAs which have been identified to date are expressed in human brain, where they regulate prominent neurobiological processes, such as neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. The main implications of the present findings are critically discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"110423453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of choroidal vessel density in patients with multiple sclerosis","authors":"Jeniffer Jesus ,&nbsp;Raquel Soares ,&nbsp;Rafael Geraldes ,&nbsp;Maria Matias ,&nbsp;João Chibante","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuro inflammatory disease which leads to progressive disability. Recent evidence suggests that vascular impairment may contribute to MS onset and progression. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as an important imaging tool which should allow further exploration of the vessel changes in the pathogenesis and prognosis of MS.</p></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>To quantify the vascular density (VD) of the choroid (CH) and choriocapillaris (CC) in patients with MS, comparing with normal eyes.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>45 eyes of 45 MS patients [31 female; mean age (years ± SD) 41,87 ± 11.04; axial length (AL) (AL ± SD) 23.68 ± 0.90) and 45 aged-matched control subjects (33 female; mean age 39,.6 ± 8,93; AL 23.36 ± 0.75] were enrolled in this prospective study. We obtained OCT-A images based on a full-spectrum amplitude de-correlation angiography (FSADA) algorithm. The OCT-A images of the CH and CC were used for quantitative assessment in three regions of the fovea, namely, Region 1 (0–500 μm) Region 2 (500–1000 μm) and Region 3 (1000−1500 μm). Relationships of VD between MS patients with and without optic neuritis (ON) and controls were investigated by binary vessel maps generated from OCT-A slabs and analyzed using ImageJ software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to controls, in eyes with MS, CH VD was significantly decreased in Region 2 (p = 0.01) and Region 3 (p &lt; 0.01). CCVD was not different between the groups although showing a decreasing tendency in the MS group. Between eyes with and without ON there were a tendency to reduced VD in the ON group in all regions analyzed for both CH and CC layer. All the layers analyzed revealed a positive correlation between CH VD and CC VD and a negative correlation between CC VD and AL.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Although studies have assessed retinal VD in MS using OCT-A, the choroidal vasculature in MS remains understudied. Our results cautiously suggest a functional circulatory disturbance of choroidal vasculatures in MS patients, mainly in those who have previous ON history.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"93560341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder: A biopsychosocial case-control study investigating peripheral blood protein biomarkers","authors":"Daniel Maguire ,&nbsp;Joanne Watt ,&nbsp;Cherie Armour ,&nbsp;Melissa Milanak ,&nbsp;Susan Lagdon ,&nbsp;John V. Lamont ,&nbsp;Mary Jo Kurth ,&nbsp;Peter Fitzgerald ,&nbsp;Tara Moore ,&nbsp;Mark W. Ruddock","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experiencing traumatic events is unfortunately commonplace and, in some cases, may lead to the onset of debilitating mental health disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Current diagnostic criteria for PTSD results in high depression and anxiety comorbidity. Better understanding of biological mechanisms and pathways underlying PTSD could aid in more accurate case identification and stratification of treatments. Recent meta-analysis has identified chronic PTSD to be associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alterations in neuronal structures which contribute to an overall reduction in brain volume. Despite this, there are currently no biological markers in clinical use to identify PTSD or monitor treatment. This case-control study (n = 40) aimed to identify differences in peripheral blood biomarkers, and biomarker combinations, able to distinguish PTSD participants from controls, and examine in a biopsychosocial framework. The levels of 5/37 biomarkers investigated were significantly altered in the serum of PTSD participants: HDL and LDL cholesterol, tPA, IL-8 and EGF. Biomarkers could be used in combination with psychological criteria, in a biopsychosocial model, to support clinical management decisions and ensure appropriate individual treatment pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144621000137/pdfft?md5=73d2423b60848b106a92368a53ffdb8c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144621000137-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42493362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Neurofilament Light concentrations are not associated with renal function in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis","authors":"T. Williams ,&nbsp;H. Zetterberg ,&nbsp;J. Chataway","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Neurofilament Light (NFL) is a promising biomarker of neuroaxonal injury. Its utility may be improved by expression relative to age-matched controls and by adjusting for other covariates, such as body mass index. It has recently been suggested that renal function may modulate the rate of clearance of NFL from circulation, which if confirmed would make renal function an important additional covariate to take into account when interpreting NFL data in research or clinical settings. Here we explore the relationship between renal function and NFL in a cohort of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We examined data from patients with SPMS who took part in the MS-STAT randomised controlled trial. We use multivariable linear regression to explore the relationship between serum NFL and renal function, and additionally to examine whether including renal function as a covariate improves the ability of NFL to predict the subsequent rate of whole brain atrophy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Data on renal function and serum NFL was available for 122 patients. Mean eGFR 88 ml/min/1.73 m² (range 38.2–121.9). We found no evidence to support a relationship between renal function and serum NFL in this cohort. Furthermore, the inclusion of eGFR as a covariate in models assessing the relationship between NFL and the rate of whole brain atrophy had no significant effect upon the relationships observed.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We find no evidence for a relationship between renal function and NFL in a cohort of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. We hypothesise that the previously observed relationships between NFL and renal function related to associations between renal function and subclinical neuropathology, rather than due to modulating clearance of NFL from the circulation, but further research would be required to confirm such mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144621000150/pdfft?md5=c6d9c9c04450fe116697648504114ae7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144621000150-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Emerlee Andersen ,&nbsp;Bryce Casteigne ,&nbsp;William Daniel Chapman ,&nbsp;Andrew Creed ,&nbsp;Forrest Foster ,&nbsp;Allison Lapins ,&nbsp;Rhonna Shatz ,&nbsp;Russell P. Sawyer","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this review article we examine the various types of diagnostic biomarkers which are used in the early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. This review summerizes the A/T/N classification system for Alzheimer’s biomarkers and its use in the biomarker-based diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore we review the use of structural MRI, 18F-FDG PET, Amyloid PET, Tau PET, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, and the emerging role of plasma biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. In doing so we discuss each biomarkers correlation with pathologic findings, ability to distinguish Alzheimer’s disease from healthy aging, ability to distinguish Alzheimer’s disease from other neurodegenerative diseases, role in A/T/N classification system, and limitations of each biomarker.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"100058129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing translational research through the interface of digital phenotyping and neuroimaging: A narrative review","authors":"Erica Camacho ,&nbsp;Roscoe O. Brady Jr ,&nbsp;Paulo Lizano ,&nbsp;Matcheri Keshavan ,&nbsp;John Torous","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Instead of matching neuroimaging to static clinical targets, it is currently possible to use dynamic biobehavioral markers of cognition, functioning, behavior, and symptoms captured through a person’s smartphone. This paper reviews the published literature linking neuroimaging and smartphone data to understand the feasibility, methods, and potential of using smartphone sensing (often called digital phenotyping) as a target for neuroimaging. On June 30, 2020, a literature search was conducted on PubMed and PsycINFO for studies utilizing neuroimaging and smartphones tools. We excluded EEG focused studies, conference proceedings and abstracts. A snowball approach was applied to further locate papers. We utilized the NIMH’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework to organize results. 262 publications uncovered by the search were screened, and 14 papers were included in the final analysis. All studies differed in terms of the type of data collected from smartphones, type of neuroimaging used, areas of the brain measured, and population studied. The average duration before or after neuroimaging and smartphone assessments was 39 days. While it was not possible to directly compare studies, a majority of the included reports were classified under the Negative Valence Systems category in the RDoC framework. All studies reported statistically significant relationships between the information collected via the digital tool and the brain scans, and support feasibility of this method. The current literature connecting smartphone data and neuroimaging is nascent but holds the potential to better understand the ability of digital tools to inform brain structure and/or function. Although the protocols and studies from this search were heterogenous, results suggest feasibility and practicality of this work.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"106330396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Backtracing persistent biomarker shifts to the age of onset: A novel procedure applied to men’s and women’s white blood cell counts in post-traumatic stress disorder","authors":"Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross ,&nbsp;Lena Ajdacic ,&nbsp;Yanhua Xu ,&nbsp;Mario Müller ,&nbsp;Stephanie Rodgers ,&nbsp;Christine Wyss ,&nbsp;Sebastian Olbrich ,&nbsp;Anna Buadze ,&nbsp;Erich Seifritz ,&nbsp;En-Young N. Wagner ,&nbsp;Dragana Radovanovic ,&nbsp;Viktor von Wyl ,&nbsp;Nina Steinemann ,&nbsp;Markus A. Landolt ,&nbsp;Enrique Castelao ,&nbsp;Marie-Pierre F. Strippoli ,&nbsp;Mehdi M. Gholamrezaee ,&nbsp;Jennifer Glaus ,&nbsp;Caroline Vandeleur ,&nbsp;Martin Preisig ,&nbsp;Roland von Känel","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Traumatic experiences tend to be preserved in altered biomarker profiles. These profiles can be traced back from cross-sectional data regarding the age of exposure. Consequently, the change across developmental stages, e.g. from childhood to adulthood, can also be reconstructed. This study introduces a backtrace procedure that is illustrated using white blood cell (WBC) counts in full / partial post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The procedure was applied separately on men's and women's data to provide a replication of the analysis based on different subsamples.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The analysis was carried out with data from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study (N = 5111, 2370 men and 2741 women, age range 35–88 years). It was restricted to traumatic experiences that occurred until the age of 35, i.e., the lower age limit of the sample. The WBC counts from up to two assessments were standardized, pooled and assigned to the reported age of trauma exposure. This resulted in age series for each marker, whereas the reference values were based on subjects who did not experience any trauma exposure. The backtrace procedure ascertained the peaks and troughs of the age series and determined the best-fitting critical age range surrounding each peak or trough based on the best p-value from simple t-tests.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In CoLaus|PsyCoLaus, 750 participants reported trauma exposure until the age of 35, and 86 (out of 329) men and 187 (out of 421) women thereof were coded with a full or partial PTSD. Full / partial PTSD after trauma exposure in childhood was characterized by increased WBC counts (lymphocytes, eosinophils – in women also neutrophils). This pattern was partly retained during adolescence, in men due to eosinophils counts and in women due to lymphocyte counts. For exposure in young adulthood, the deviations were in the negative direction – in men with decreased basophils, in women with decreased lymphocytes and monocytes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Summarizing, the backtrace approach revealed WBC profiles in PTSD that were specific to particular developmental age stages. The strongest persistent upregulation of the immune system related to trauma exposure was traceable to childhood / early adolescence both in men and in women. Further research will show which biomarkers are similarly suitable for backtracing as WBC counts. As in PTSD, the backtrace approach could also be applied to identifying persistent biomarker profiles in other mental disorders, as well as autoimmune and other chronic diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.bionps.2021.100030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42138733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}