Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Childhood trauma and altered response of retinal neurons as an early risk endophenotype of schizophrenia and mood disorder","authors":"Jasmin Ricard ,&nbsp;Nicolas Berthelot ,&nbsp;Énora Fortin-Fabbro ,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Boisvert ,&nbsp;Julia Garon-Bissonnette ,&nbsp;Eric Arsenault ,&nbsp;Alexandre Bureau ,&nbsp;Michel Maziade","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Exposure to childhood trauma may cause several alterations in brain structure and connectivity in adult patients having a major psychiatric disorder. Recent reports have shown that adult patients and young healthy offspring of patients carry similar abnormal retinal response. Because the retina and the brain have the same embryonic origin, the retina gives access to living neuronal tissue that may capture the early neurobiological effect of trauma.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Evaluate the association between exposure to childhood trauma and anomalies in cone (photopic) and rod (scotopic) responses assessed by electroretinography (ERG) in children and adolescents at familial risk (FHRs) of psychosis or mood disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>ERG recordings (n=194) undertaken on 134 offspring (M_age of 1st recording=15.7, 49% females) enrolled in our longitudinal study and born to a parent having DSM-IV schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder were analyzed using repeated measures linear mixed models and applying multiple comparisons. The scotopic and photopic a- and b-wave latencies and amplitudes were recorded. Five types of childhood trauma were assessed prospectively and retrospectively in FHRs: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing domestic violence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>None of the ERG scotopic or photopic parameters were associated with the global measure of exposure to trauma. However, when analyzing the specific effect of each type of trauma, data suggested that physical abuse in girls would be significantly associated with a prolonged scotopic a-wave latency (p=0.024, ES=0.28) and a trend of association was observed with a prolonged photopic b-wave latency (p=0.099, ES=0.27).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study did not suggest a substantial effect of childhood trauma on previously reported ERG anomalies in the cone and rod response in youth at familial risk of psychosis or mood disorder. Only one type of trauma i.e., physical violence toward the child, could have a specific effect on the cone and rod prolonged latencies in girls. Methodological limitations are discussed for consideration in interpreting the findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000133/pdfft?md5=1348882b6840ffc997226b056c38cab4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association among retinal health, self-reported depressive symptoms, and demographic, lifestyle and health markers: the META-KLS cohort analysis","authors":"Hannes M.X. Meilicke ,&nbsp;Ying Hui ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Lejla Colic ,&nbsp;Shouling Wu ,&nbsp;Shuohua Chen ,&nbsp;Shun Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Bin Lv ,&nbsp;Hongyang Li ,&nbsp;Martin Walter ,&nbsp;Zhenchang Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Guotong Xie ,&nbsp;Zhenjian Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Retinal health indices were suggested to be related to psychopathological symptoms, such as depressive symptoms. However, large-scale studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) are missing to investigate the associations among them.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the META-KLS cohort study, 1456 participants (mean age [standard deviation]= 54.6 [11.91] years; n= 680 [47.8%] women) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depressive symptoms and underwent OCT. Poor-quality OCTs and multivariate outliers were excluded, and principal component analysis was performed to obtain retinal health indices separately for macular (n= 930) and optic nerve head (ONH) thicknesses (n= 800). Linear regressions were run controlling for covariates. Exploratory interaction models were run with demographic, lifestyle and health markers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Although there were no direct significant associations between the retinal indices and depressive symptoms (macular: B= −0.05, 95% CI= [-0.15, 0.05], p= 0.32; ONH index: B= -0.02, 95% CI= [-0.11, 0.08], p= 0.71), their associations were moderated by demographic and health factors, <em>e.g.</em>, C-reactive protein (CRP) (macular index: B= −0.03, 95% CI= [-0.05, −0.01], p= 0.002; ONH index: B= 0.05, 95% CI= [0.02, 0.08], p= 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Study was cross-sectional and there were no functional assessments of vision.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In a large cohort, we observed associations between retinal indices and self-reported depressive symptoms depending on demographic and health factors, notably CRP. Following up, the study will investigate the prospective prediction of retinal health on depressive symptoms, especially in persons who may have chronic inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000121/pdfft?md5=d5702477d03ce2ecaa9b78a63f69befe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the neural effects of adverse childhood experiences through the retina","authors":"Brittany A. Blose","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with developing systemic diseases and mental illnesses, affecting multiple body systems, including those that affect allostasis, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. Numerous different biomarkers reflect the biological manifestations of ACEs across these systems and point to possible mechanisms of pathology following early adversity. Retinal layer thickness values and retinal microvasculature parameters, which may reflect central nervous system structure and function, have scarcely been explored in relation to early life stress in humans but could potentially be valuable indicators of early life adversity sequelae. Animal models of early life stress using rodents demonstrate that early adversity is associated with structural and functional alterations of the retina. Thus, given the widespread impact of ACEs across several different allostatic systems in the body, including the central nervous system of which the retina is a part, and evidence in animal models suggesting a relationship between early life stress and retinal alterations, the retina is likely to be affected by ACEs in humans. Retinal biomarkers may also represent especially feasible methods for exploring the effects of early adversity on the body, as they can be examined in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and electroretinography (ERG), which are quick and noninvasive retinal imaging and electrophysiological techniques. Therefore, future research should focus on the impact of ACEs on the retina in humans and what retinal changes predict in terms of symptoms, course, and functional impairment associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. This can further our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of diseases and disorders that individuals with ACEs are at risk of developing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266614462400011X/pdfft?md5=5730d06ea55531c3e5783f8021e5ef57&pid=1-s2.0-S266614462400011X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the willingness of African-American and American Indian/Alaska Native communities to engage in genetic and biomarker research: The UBIGR study","authors":"Diane Carol Gooding ,&nbsp;Fabu P. Carter ,&nbsp;Emre Umucu ,&nbsp;Carol Ann Van Hulle ,&nbsp;Jordan P. Lewis ,&nbsp;Megan Zuelsdorff ,&nbsp;Shenikqua Bouges ,&nbsp;Taryn T. James ,&nbsp;Hector Salazar ,&nbsp;Lytonia Floyd ,&nbsp;James Bester ,&nbsp;Carey E. Gleason","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite the disproportionate impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia on Black/African-American and American Indian/Alaska Native groups, they have been underrepresented in biomarker research. Research investigating underrepresented groups’ willingness to engage in research has primarily relied on qualitative research and/or specialized samples (e.g., patients’ first-degree relatives). Similarly, extant quantitative studies include disproportionately small numbers of these participants. This investigation aimed to understand preclinical biomarker and genetic AD research participation in underrepresented groups to facilitate greater diversity in future biomarker research and clinical trials.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We administered an online questionnaire to 599 Black/African-American, 120 American Indian/Alaska Native, and 725 NonHispanic White adults and assessed demographic characteristics and participants’ views on dementia, research, and genetic and preclinical biomarker testing. Attitudes toward research were examined using the standardized 7-item Research Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ) measure. Using structural equation modeling, we tested <em>a priori</em> hypotheses regarding willingness to engage in AD preclinical biomarker testing. The specific survey item used as the outcome measure asked for agreement with the statement: “I would be willing to undergo any type of testing necessary if it was the only way to find out if I was at risk for AD before there were any symptoms,” answered on a Likert scale (1=strongly disagree – 7=strongly agree).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The three groups differed significantly in their attitudes toward research, as measured by total RAQ scores. Despite no differences in opinion regarding the overall usefulness of biomarkers, the ethnoracial groups differed in their willingness to engage in preclinical biomarker testing for dementia. Path analysis revealed an excellent model fit, indicating that attitudes toward research, as measured by the RAQ, influenced biomarker testing willingness. These findings suggest the need for outreach and engagement programs to occur before attempting research recruitment, particularly with BIPOC populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266614462400008X/pdfft?md5=219152dcb621c9bf925858357407134e&pid=1-s2.0-S266614462400008X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Football-related concussions and head impacts are associated with changes in retinal structure and signaling","authors":"Steven M. Silverstein ,&nbsp;Jason Atlas ,&nbsp;Mia Young ,&nbsp;Lyvia Bertolace ,&nbsp;Iwona Juskiewicz ,&nbsp;Kian Merchant-Borna ,&nbsp;Sarah Dermady ,&nbsp;Yonatan Abrham ,&nbsp;Kyle Green ,&nbsp;Jeff Bazarian ,&nbsp;Rajeev S. Ramchandran ,&nbsp;Brian P. Keane","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Subconcussive head hits (SHH) are common in contact sport athletes and are predictive of the later development of cognitive and brain changes, including chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In this pilot study we determined whether a history of concussion, and SHH acquired during a single season of college football, were associated with changes on retinal biomarkers of central nervous system (CNS) structure and function. College football players with a history of concussion (FB+C; n=9) or without a concussion history (FB-C; n=11), and non-contact sport collegiate athletes (Track/Swim; n=12) underwent visual and cognitive testing, retinal imaging (optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA)), and electroretinography (ERG) at three time points: pre-season, post-season and 4-month follow-up. The FB+C group demonstrated thicker maculae and exaggerated ERG waveforms (from all retinal neural cell types) compared to the other groups. These changes were generally observed at all timepoints, suggesting long-term changes associated with concussions, rather than effects of recent football activity. However, we also observed significant relationships between the number of head impacts during the season and stronger ERG responses, degree of macula thickening, enlargement of optic disc parameters, and increases in the density of retinal microvasculature relative to controls. These data suggest that retinal biomarkers are sensitive to both long- and short-term CNS changes related to participation in football, even in young athletes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000091/pdfft?md5=b75c50e6a5c23938220b1844ba9869e4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000091-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Candidate gene polymorphisms and clinical implications of the use of psychostimulants in adults with mood or attentional deficit disorders: A systematic review","authors":"Nicolas A. Nuñez ,&nbsp;Sofia Jezzini-Martinez ,&nbsp;Ada Man-Choi Ho ,&nbsp;Manuel Gardea-Resendez ,&nbsp;Larry J. Prokop ,&nbsp;Balwinder Singh ,&nbsp;Paola Margarita Robledo-Atilano ,&nbsp;Francisco Romo-Nava ,&nbsp;Marin Veldic ,&nbsp;Susan L. McElroy ,&nbsp;Mark A. Frye ,&nbsp;Alfredo B Cuellar-Barboza","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Psychostimulants are FDA-approved for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). They are often prescribed off-label for mood disorders (in the majority of cases for augmentation of major depressive disorder [MDD] or treatment-resistant cases) with particular concerns in patients with comorbid ADHD and bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to systematically appraise the current knowledge on genetic associations of psychostimulant treatment responses for mood disorders and ADHD.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive search was conducted from database inception until March 21st, 2023. We included randomized controlled studies and non-randomized studies of intervention in adults (&gt;18 years) with a DSM-IV/DSM-5 diagnosis of MDD, BD, or ADHD. We specifically included studies that reported the use of psychostimulants (e.g., methylphenidate [MPH]) and explored genetic associations with dopamine receptors and transporters (<em>DRD4, DRD2, SLC6A3)</em> reuptake inhibitors, norepinephrine transporters (<em>SLC6A2</em>) and serotonin transporters (<em>SLC6A4</em>).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified and screened 1,479 abstracts and selected 17 articles for full-text review. Five studies met the inclusion criteria (N=498; mean age 37.13±12.26), including two randomized controlled trials (n= 121, mean age 41.16±14.86) which analyzed genetic polymorphisms in <em>SLC6A3</em> and <em>SLC6A4</em>. Three non-randomized intervention studies were included: one study (n=171, mean age 35±11) analyzed several <em>SLC6A3</em> variants, and two studies (n=206, mean age 36.5±11.01) analyzed <em>DRD4, SLC6A3</em>, and <em>SLC6A4</em> variants. Evidence from the selected studies did not consistently show statistically significant differences in treatment response for either MDD or ADHD in association with genetic polymorphisms. No studies evaluating BD were found, and MPH was the only psychostimulant assessed in the selected articles. The most reported adverse events were moderate nausea, anxiety, and polyuria, with a higher percentage for headaches (38.1%), gastrointestinal complaints (21.2%), and decreased appetite (19.08%). None of the included studies reported serious adverse events which required discontinuation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further research is necessary to determine the implications of genetic polymorphisms on clinical response to stimulants with mood disorders and ADHD. Moreover, studies examining a broader range of stimulant medications as well as duration/dose of treatment, including individuals with BD, are crucial to understanding possible genetic influences on treatment response with the potential to inform personalized treatment strategies-optimization of interventions for individuals with mood disorders and ADHD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000108/pdfft?md5=f9d51b8eb25ce15a16792ff58fd5412f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140539395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of psychotic disorder in individuals with clinical high-risk state by multimodal machine-learning: A preliminary study","authors":"Yoichiro Takayanagi ,&nbsp;Daiki Sasabayashi ,&nbsp;Tsutomu Takahashi ,&nbsp;Yuko Higuchi ,&nbsp;Shimako Nishiyama ,&nbsp;Takahiro Tateno ,&nbsp;Yuko Mizukami ,&nbsp;Yukiko Akasaki ,&nbsp;Atsushi Furuichi ,&nbsp;Haruko Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Mizuho Takayanagi ,&nbsp;Kyo Noguchi ,&nbsp;Noa Tsujii ,&nbsp;Michio Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Objective markers which can reliably predict psychosis transition among individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS) are warranted. In this study, sixty-five ARMS subjects [of whom 17 (26.2%) later developed psychosis] were recruited, and we performed supervised linear support vector machine (SVM) with a variety of combinations of.modalities (clinical features, cognition, structural magnetic resonance imaging, eventrelated.potentials, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) to predict future psychosis onset. While single-modality SVMs showed a poor to fair accuracy, multi-modal SVMs revealed better predictions, up to 0.88 of the balanced accuracy, suggesting the advantage of multi-modal machine-learning methods for forecasting psychosis onset in ARMS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000078/pdfft?md5=2493a84bb92816fb52e5be58d85cd229&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000078-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroretinographic dysfunction, insulin resistance, and childhood trauma in early-course psychosis: A case-control exploratory study","authors":"Erik Velez-Perez ,&nbsp;Nicolas Raymond ,&nbsp;Chelsea Kiely ,&nbsp;Willa Molho ,&nbsp;Rebekah Trotti ,&nbsp;Caroline Harris ,&nbsp;Deepthi Bannai ,&nbsp;Rachal Hegde ,&nbsp;Sarah Herold ,&nbsp;Matcheri Keshavan ,&nbsp;Steven Silverstein ,&nbsp;Paulo Lizano","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Electroretinographic dysfunction is observed in psychosis, with a-wave and b-wave amplitudes potentially serving as biomarkers. Insulin resistance (IR) and childhood trauma (CT) have also been associated with psychosis-spectrum disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Electroretinographic dysfunction in early-course psychosis (EP) lacks exploration. This case-control exploratory study aimed to understand electroretinographic dysfunction in EP and its relationship with IR and CT.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study involved healthy controls (<em>n</em>=13) and EP individuals (<em>n</em>=14) and included photopic and scotopic flash-electroretinography (fERG), blood collection for IR assessment, and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Data were analyzed using SPSS v.29.0. Case-control differences across fERG conditions were explored using repeated-measures ANCOVA (3 flash conditions X 2 groups) adjusted for gender and age. Sub-analyses included Fisher’s, Mann-Whitney, partial correlations, and logistic and linear regressions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared to controls, EP participants showed (1) lower photopic a-wave and b-wave amplitudes, specifically in the left eye and under the P₁ condition, (2) greater odds for IR, and (3) higher CTQ scores. IR was associated with a higher CTQ score and a lower P_2b amplitude. A higher CTQ score was associated with lower P_2b amplitude in the left eye when adjusting for its interacting effect with IR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest lower photopic a-wave and b-wave amplitudes, IR, and CT are explanatory markers in EP. CT may dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, increasing the risk of experiencing later-life psychosis. IR might be a biomarker in psychosis, contributing to electroretinographic dysfunction and neurodegeneration of cone post-synaptic cells. Further investigations are needed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000066/pdfft?md5=d5f15b7d1cae44d215c30cb7eef40f47&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000066-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140160587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ACE gene polymorphisms and risk of suicide","authors":"Soudeh ghafouri-fard ,&nbsp;Reyhane Eghtedarian ,&nbsp;Elham badrlou ,&nbsp;Solat eslami ,&nbsp;Mohammad taheri ,&nbsp;Serge brand","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Suicide is a health problem associated with a number of genetic factors. Genetics polymorphisms in several signaling pathways have been shown in the pathophysiology of suicidal behavior. Variants of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) have been demonstrated to affect risk of some neuropsychiatric conditions and suicide attempt. In the current study, we assessed association between <em>ACE</em> rs4646994, rs1799752 and rs4359 polymorphisms and risk of suicide behavior in a population of Iranian patients attempted suicide (320 individuals who attempted suicide with soft methods and 230 suicide victims) and 300 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were genotyped using tetra-ARMS-PCR method. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.22.0. The rs4359 was associated with successful suicide under co-dominant model in a way that TC genotype was identified as a risk genotype (OR (95% CI)= 1.86 (1.26–2.75), P value=-0.02). In dominant model, TT+TC genotypes were associated with higher risk of successful suicide in comparison with CC genotype (OR (95% CI)= 1.71 (1.18–2.47), P value=-0.04). In over-dominant model, TT+CC genotypes were associated with lower risk in comparison with TC genotype (OR (95% CI)= 0.58 (0.41–0.83), P value=-0.03). rs1799752 was associated with higher risk of successful suicide under co-dominant, recessive and over-dominant models. In co-dominant model, while ID genotype increased the risk (OR (95% CI)= 2 (1.37–2.99), P value=0.003), II genotype decreased the risk (OR (95% CI)= 0.2 (0.09–0.45), P value&lt;0.0001) in comparison with DD genotype). In recessive model, II genotype was associated with lower risk in comparison with total sum of the other genotypes (OR (95% CI)= 0.14 (0.07–0.28), P value&lt;0.0001). The rs4646994 was not associated with risk of successful suicide. Besides, rs4359 was associated with risk of suicide attempt under over-dominant model in a way that TT+CC genotypes decreased risk of suicide attempt (OR (95% CI)= 0.67 (0.48–0.93), P value=0.04). rs1799752 was associated with risk of suicide attempt under co-dominant and recessive models in a way that II genotype conferred lower risk of suicide attempt (OR (95% CI)= 0.53 (0.34–0.83), P value=0.03). Finally, rs4646994 was associated with risk of suicide attempt in all models except for recessive model. I allele of this SNP increased risk of suicide attempt (OR (95% CI)= 1.47 (1.15–1.88), P value=0.018). Taken together, <em>ACE1</em> gene can be considered as a risk locus for suicide behavior among Iranians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100087"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000054/pdfft?md5=c91b13c0d4a02b2a0c801d3dc7dab3a5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000054-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140069591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are neurodevelopmental structural pathologies of the insula potential biomarkers for schizophrenia risk?","authors":"Susanna Gebhardt,&nbsp;Henry A. Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The insula is a significant neural region associated with the development and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. Here, we provide an overview of the role of the insula in a non-pathological context, as well as its function in schizophrenia, discussing how structural and functional changes to the insula can provide insight into the etiology of schizophrenia and contribute to potential therapeutic intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000042/pdfft?md5=78ea40cb67d1ec6d2ba22b33ab8ab1a0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000042-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139965599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}