Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Salivary cortisol in Schizophrenia: a selective review and meta-analysis of controlled studies of the past decade","authors":"Walter Paganin ,&nbsp;Sabrina Signorini","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Stress and trauma significantly contribute to various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly abnormal cortisol secretion, is implicated in schizophrenia's pathophysiology. Salivary cortisol, a convenient measure, provides insights into HPA axis activity. This systematic review and meta-analysis assess salivary cortisol levels in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, evaluating its potential as a biomarker for schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To assess the differences in salivary cortisol levels at baseline and in response to stress between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, determining the reliability of salivary cortisol as a biomarker for schizophrenia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Central, and EMBASE for human studies on schizophrenia and controls published from January 1, 2013, to July 1, 2023, reporting baseline or post-stress salivary cortisol levels. Exclusions were non-human studies, non-specific schizophrenia diagnoses, or missing cortisol data. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised quality, resolving discrepancies by consensus. Due to significant heterogeneity (I² = 94 % for baseline, 75 % for stress response), a random effects model was used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Nineteen studies were initially selected, with twelve excluded due to non-specific schizophrenia diagnoses and missing cortisol data. The final meta-analysis included seven studies with 507 schizophrenia patients and 175 healthy controls. Key findings include:</p></div><div><h3>Baseline cortisol levels</h3><p>No significant difference in baseline salivary cortisol levels between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (pooled estimate: −0.02, 95 % CI: −0.47–0.42).</p></div><div><h3>Cortisol response to stress</h3><p>No significant difference in post-stress cortisol levels between the two groups (pooled estimate: 0.03, 95 % CI: −1.84–1.79).</p></div><div><h3>Study variability</h3><p>High variability across studies due to differences in design, patient characteristics, and cortisol measurement techniques. Despite some evidence of altered cortisol dynamics in schizophrenia, high variability in methodologies and confounding factors like medication use and psychosocial stressors complicate definitive conclusions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The review underscores the potential of cortisol as a biomarker for stress response; however, its use in diagnosing schizophrenia remains inconclusive. Individual variability and methodological differences limit the diagnostic accuracy of salivary cortisol. Future research with larger sample sizes, uniform methodologies, and comprehensive control for confounding variables is essential to elucidate the role of salivary corti","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000169/pdfft?md5=f058592a4a65c1f2622d205f6da551b1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000169-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of neurocognitive disorders: A ray of hope on the horizon?","authors":"Rita Khoury,&nbsp;George Grossberg","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000017/pdfft?md5=3cf44bb55ff2b20223fe6b874e9a7eb2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000017-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample processing time but not storage time affects complement activation markers C4a, C4d, C3a, iC3b, Bb, C5a, and sC5b-9 levels in EDTA-plasma of individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis","authors":"Eleftheria Kodosaki ,&nbsp;Colm Healy ,&nbsp;Jonah F. Byrne ,&nbsp;Melanie Föcking ,&nbsp;Mary Cannon ,&nbsp;Diana O. Perkins ,&nbsp;David Cotter ,&nbsp;Meike Heurich","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system and plays a key role in inflammatory processes. Concentrations of complement activation fragments in plasma are markers of systemic activation and have been found to be altered in a wide range of diseases. Some plasma activation marker levels can be influenced by sample processing and storage time. We quantified seven complement activation markers (C4a, C4d, C3a, iC3b, Bb, C5a, and sC5b-9 (TCC)) in EDTA-plasma as part of a multi-centre clinical study analysing complement activation in individuals with clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis compared with healthy controls. Samples had been collected, processed, and subsequently stored at -80°C over a period of 9.5–13.6 years, according to a standard operating protocol (SOP). Complement activation markers were quantified using commercially available and standardised enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). In a post hoc analysis of variables affecting the analyses we investigated the impact of EDTA-to-freezer processing time (&lt;1–7.35 hours) and freezer storage time (9.5–13.6 years). EDTA-to-freezer processing time moderately correlated positively with C4a, C3a, iC3b and sC5b-9 levels. Storage time at -80°C was not significantly correlated with any complement activation marker. This study provides valuable insight into the impact of sample processing and long-term sample storage in complement activation marker studies. The results suggest that storage time in -80°C is not a confounding factor affecting non-specific complement activation in EDTA-plasma. Sample-processing time does moderately affect the levels of some complement activation markers. This should be considered as a co-variate when analysing complement activation marker levels. Further, the impact may vary for healthy or clinical samples where immune activation is part of the pathology. These findings are important when planning large-scale clinical studies that include quantification of complement components and its activation fragments as biomarkers. It supports the collection of EDTA-plasma and fast sample processing to be included into a study standard operating procedure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000157/pdfft?md5=0a0106368bff106f05ce6aa033dba7d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guest editors' introduction: The retina as a biomarker in neuropsychiatric disorders","authors":"Paulo Lizano ,&nbsp;Steven M. Silverstein","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000182/pdfft?md5=ad381bf3c94b33f85982379a674cda72&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on non-biological mechanisms of depression","authors":"Geng Li,&nbsp;Wenshu Ma Chen,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Ma,&nbsp;Yan Mi,&nbsp;Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Progress has been achieved in many fields in understanding the biological mechanisms of depression, including genome-wide association analysis, neurotransmitter system function, brain regions and neural networks, inflammatory response, neuroplasticity, neuroimaging, and neuro electrophysiology. These progresses provide a reliable basis for developing the medical and physical therapies for depression. However, the current treatments developed from biological mechanisms can only address less than 60 % of depressive symptoms and have limited efficacy in improving social functioning and reducing recurrence. Studies have explored the non-biological mechanisms of depression in mental fields. These progresses are helpful to develop more interventions that could alleviate depressive symptoms, improve functional impairments, and reduce recurrence, thereby promoting a more comprehensive recovery in depressed patients. However, there is not a systematic and deep review to highlight the non-biological mechanisms of depression.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study summarizes the recent progress in the non-biological fields of depression by searching publications on human studies in PubMed, PMC, and Google Schooler with exclusion of animal studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This study reviews the intergenerational transmission characteristics, the relationship between depression and emotional trauma, cognitive deficit, relationship impairment, self-function, sense of the meaning of life, motivation deficit, and psycho-rationality of depression.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study was clarified the non-biological mechanisms and characteristics of depression and provided a theoretical basis for the development of non-drug interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100099"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000170/pdfft?md5=224c8c69183f18f99b9c8dd0a27566b5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141240480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal morphological differences in atypical Parkinsonism: A cross-sectional analysis of the AlzEye cohort","authors":"S. Patel ,&nbsp;O. Bredemeyer ,&nbsp;DJ Williamson ,&nbsp;RR Struyven ,&nbsp;Y. Zhou ,&nbsp;AK Denniston ,&nbsp;A. Petzold ,&nbsp;CA Antoniades ,&nbsp;PA Keane ,&nbsp;SK Wagner","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Atypical Parkinsonian syndrome (APS) describes a heterogeneous group of disorders mimicking the clinical presentation of Parkinson disease (PD) but with disparate natural history and pathophysiology. While retinal markers of PD are increasingly described, APS has been afforded less attention possibly owing to its lower prevalence. Here, we investigate retinal morphological differences in individuals with APS in a large real world cohort.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the AlzEye study, a retrospective cohort where ophthalmic data of individuals attending Moorfields Eye Hospital between January 2008 and March 31st 2018 (inclusive) has been linked with systemic disease data through national hospital admissions. Retinal features were extracted from macula-centered color fundus photography (CFP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compared between individuals with APS and those unaffected. Individuals with idiopathic PD were excluded. Retinal neural and vascular features were measured using automated segmentation and analyzed with multivariable-adjusted regression models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among a cohort of 91,170 patients, there were 51 patients with APS and 91,119 controls. Individuals with APS were older and more likely to have hypertension and diabetes mellitus. After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension and diabetes melitus, individuals with APS had a thinner ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (-3.95 microns, 95% CI: −7.53, −0.37, p = 0.031) but no difference in other retinoneural or retinovascular indices. Optic nerve cup-to-disc ratio was similar between groups.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our cross-sectional analysis of the AlzEye cohort reveals distinct retinal morphological characteristics in APS compared to healthy controls. The study notably identifies a thinner ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer in APS patients, without accompanying changes in the inner nuclear layer or significant alterations in retinovascular indices and optic nerve cup-disc ratio. These changes are distinct from those observed in PD, where thinning of the inner nuclear layer (INL) is a characteristic feature.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>These findings demonstrate a retinal phenotype in APS, markedly different from both healthy controls and idiopathic Parkinson's disease, highlighting the potential of retinal imaging in differentiating neurodegenerative disorders. By establishing a distinct retinal phenotype for APS, our findings underscore the potential of retinal imaging as a valuable, non-invasive diagnostic tool. This advancement is particularly significant for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, facilitating early detection, and offering a window into the underlying disease mechanisms in APS, thereby aiding in the development of targeted therapeutic interventions and personalized patient care strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000145/pdfft?md5=5d65634bfd6dc5a164c3aaf2db675424&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000145-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood trauma and altered response of retinal neurons as an early risk endophenotype of schizophrenia and mood disorder","authors":"Jasmin Ricard ,&nbsp;Nicolas Berthelot ,&nbsp;Énora Fortin-Fabbro ,&nbsp;Marie-Claude Boisvert ,&nbsp;Julia Garon-Bissonnette ,&nbsp;Eric Arsenault ,&nbsp;Alexandre Bureau ,&nbsp;Michel Maziade","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Exposure to childhood trauma may cause several alterations in brain structure and connectivity in adult patients having a major psychiatric disorder. Recent reports have shown that adult patients and young healthy offspring of patients carry similar abnormal retinal response. Because the retina and the brain have the same embryonic origin, the retina gives access to living neuronal tissue that may capture the early neurobiological effect of trauma.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Evaluate the association between exposure to childhood trauma and anomalies in cone (photopic) and rod (scotopic) responses assessed by electroretinography (ERG) in children and adolescents at familial risk (FHRs) of psychosis or mood disorders.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>ERG recordings (n=194) undertaken on 134 offspring (M_age of 1st recording=15.7, 49% females) enrolled in our longitudinal study and born to a parent having DSM-IV schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder were analyzed using repeated measures linear mixed models and applying multiple comparisons. The scotopic and photopic a- and b-wave latencies and amplitudes were recorded. Five types of childhood trauma were assessed prospectively and retrospectively in FHRs: physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and witnessing domestic violence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>None of the ERG scotopic or photopic parameters were associated with the global measure of exposure to trauma. However, when analyzing the specific effect of each type of trauma, data suggested that physical abuse in girls would be significantly associated with a prolonged scotopic a-wave latency (p=0.024, ES=0.28) and a trend of association was observed with a prolonged photopic b-wave latency (p=0.099, ES=0.27).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study did not suggest a substantial effect of childhood trauma on previously reported ERG anomalies in the cone and rod response in youth at familial risk of psychosis or mood disorder. Only one type of trauma i.e., physical violence toward the child, could have a specific effect on the cone and rod prolonged latencies in girls. Methodological limitations are discussed for consideration in interpreting the findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000133/pdfft?md5=1348882b6840ffc997226b056c38cab4&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140816301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association among retinal health, self-reported depressive symptoms, and demographic, lifestyle and health markers: the META-KLS cohort analysis","authors":"Hannes M.X. Meilicke ,&nbsp;Ying Hui ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Lejla Colic ,&nbsp;Shouling Wu ,&nbsp;Shuohua Chen ,&nbsp;Shun Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Bin Lv ,&nbsp;Hongyang Li ,&nbsp;Martin Walter ,&nbsp;Zhenchang Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Li ,&nbsp;Guotong Xie ,&nbsp;Zhenjian Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Retinal health indices were suggested to be related to psychopathological symptoms, such as depressive symptoms. However, large-scale studies using optical coherence tomography (OCT) are missing to investigate the associations among them.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the META-KLS cohort study, 1456 participants (mean age [standard deviation]= 54.6 [11.91] years; n= 680 [47.8%] women) completed the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to measure depressive symptoms and underwent OCT. Poor-quality OCTs and multivariate outliers were excluded, and principal component analysis was performed to obtain retinal health indices separately for macular (n= 930) and optic nerve head (ONH) thicknesses (n= 800). Linear regressions were run controlling for covariates. Exploratory interaction models were run with demographic, lifestyle and health markers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Although there were no direct significant associations between the retinal indices and depressive symptoms (macular: B= −0.05, 95% CI= [-0.15, 0.05], p= 0.32; ONH index: B= -0.02, 95% CI= [-0.11, 0.08], p= 0.71), their associations were moderated by demographic and health factors, <em>e.g.</em>, C-reactive protein (CRP) (macular index: B= −0.03, 95% CI= [-0.05, −0.01], p= 0.002; ONH index: B= 0.05, 95% CI= [0.02, 0.08], p= 0.002).</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Study was cross-sectional and there were no functional assessments of vision.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In a large cohort, we observed associations between retinal indices and self-reported depressive symptoms depending on demographic and health factors, notably CRP. Following up, the study will investigate the prospective prediction of retinal health on depressive symptoms, especially in persons who may have chronic inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000121/pdfft?md5=d5702477d03ce2ecaa9b78a63f69befe&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the neural effects of adverse childhood experiences through the retina","authors":"Brittany A. Blose","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with developing systemic diseases and mental illnesses, affecting multiple body systems, including those that affect allostasis, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. Numerous different biomarkers reflect the biological manifestations of ACEs across these systems and point to possible mechanisms of pathology following early adversity. Retinal layer thickness values and retinal microvasculature parameters, which may reflect central nervous system structure and function, have scarcely been explored in relation to early life stress in humans but could potentially be valuable indicators of early life adversity sequelae. Animal models of early life stress using rodents demonstrate that early adversity is associated with structural and functional alterations of the retina. Thus, given the widespread impact of ACEs across several different allostatic systems in the body, including the central nervous system of which the retina is a part, and evidence in animal models suggesting a relationship between early life stress and retinal alterations, the retina is likely to be affected by ACEs in humans. Retinal biomarkers may also represent especially feasible methods for exploring the effects of early adversity on the body, as they can be examined in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and electroretinography (ERG), which are quick and noninvasive retinal imaging and electrophysiological techniques. Therefore, future research should focus on the impact of ACEs on the retina in humans and what retinal changes predict in terms of symptoms, course, and functional impairment associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. This can further our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of diseases and disorders that individuals with ACEs are at risk of developing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266614462400011X/pdfft?md5=5730d06ea55531c3e5783f8021e5ef57&pid=1-s2.0-S266614462400011X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the willingness of African-American and American Indian/Alaska Native communities to engage in genetic and biomarker research: The UBIGR study","authors":"Diane Carol Gooding ,&nbsp;Fabu P. Carter ,&nbsp;Emre Umucu ,&nbsp;Carol Ann Van Hulle ,&nbsp;Jordan P. Lewis ,&nbsp;Megan Zuelsdorff ,&nbsp;Shenikqua Bouges ,&nbsp;Taryn T. James ,&nbsp;Hector Salazar ,&nbsp;Lytonia Floyd ,&nbsp;James Bester ,&nbsp;Carey E. Gleason","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite the disproportionate impact of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia on Black/African-American and American Indian/Alaska Native groups, they have been underrepresented in biomarker research. Research investigating underrepresented groups’ willingness to engage in research has primarily relied on qualitative research and/or specialized samples (e.g., patients’ first-degree relatives). Similarly, extant quantitative studies include disproportionately small numbers of these participants. This investigation aimed to understand preclinical biomarker and genetic AD research participation in underrepresented groups to facilitate greater diversity in future biomarker research and clinical trials.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We administered an online questionnaire to 599 Black/African-American, 120 American Indian/Alaska Native, and 725 NonHispanic White adults and assessed demographic characteristics and participants’ views on dementia, research, and genetic and preclinical biomarker testing. Attitudes toward research were examined using the standardized 7-item Research Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ) measure. Using structural equation modeling, we tested <em>a priori</em> hypotheses regarding willingness to engage in AD preclinical biomarker testing. The specific survey item used as the outcome measure asked for agreement with the statement: “I would be willing to undergo any type of testing necessary if it was the only way to find out if I was at risk for AD before there were any symptoms,” answered on a Likert scale (1=strongly disagree – 7=strongly agree).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The three groups differed significantly in their attitudes toward research, as measured by total RAQ scores. Despite no differences in opinion regarding the overall usefulness of biomarkers, the ethnoracial groups differed in their willingness to engage in preclinical biomarker testing for dementia. Path analysis revealed an excellent model fit, indicating that attitudes toward research, as measured by the RAQ, influenced biomarker testing willingness. These findings suggest the need for outreach and engagement programs to occur before attempting research recruitment, particularly with BIPOC populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266614462400008X/pdfft?md5=219152dcb621c9bf925858357407134e&pid=1-s2.0-S266614462400008X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}