Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry最新文献

{"title":"ECT & CRP, quo vadis? - A retrospective study of low-grade inflammation in patients with depression undergoing electroconvulsive therapy","authors":"Moritz Spangemacher ,&nbsp;Sebastian Karl ,&nbsp;Suna Su Aksay ,&nbsp;Eva Kathrin Lamadé ,&nbsp;Jana Plemper ,&nbsp;Alexander Sartorius ,&nbsp;Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression. Depression has been associated with low-grade inflammation (LGI), as indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels compared to healthy individuals. While the effect of ECT on inflammation markers remains unclear, some evidence suggests that higher baseline CRP levels may predict remission in ECT. Additionally, LGI could influence the seizure threshold and thus the required stimulation dose.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>This retrospective study examined the potential link between LGI and treatment outcomes as well as stimulation doses across multiple ECT sessions, controlling for age and interparticipant variability. The hypothesis of this study was that LGI was associated with ECT remission as well as with ECT dosing in people with depression. Two groups were defined, depending on CRP levels, those with LGI (CRP 3–10 mg/L) and those without (CRP &lt; 3 mg/L). Generalized linear models were used to analyze maximum ECT doses, while linear mixed models were applied to assess changes in ECT doses over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After 10 ECT sessions, we found no significant difference in remission rates between patients with (n = 52) and without LGI (n = 143). However, patients with baseline LGI had higher maximum ECT doses. A linear mixed model revealed that the number of sessions and baseline LGI significantly influenced ECT doses, with patients with baseline LGI needing higher doses, particularly at the seventh session. Age also was associated with both maximum doses and dose adjustments throughout the ECT series, but the influence of LGI on ECT dose was independent of age, since no age differences were observed between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Baseline inflammation was not associated with remission rates, but it had a significant association with ECT dosing. Therefore, while CRP may not be a reliable biomarker for predicting ECT response in depression, baseline inflammation could indicate the need for a higher stimulation dose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing transdiagnostic data analytics using knowledge graphs","authors":"Fiona Klaassen ,&nbsp;Emanuel Schwarz","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence approaches have tremendous potential to advance our understanding of biological and other processes contributing to mental illness risk. An important question is how such approaches can be tailored to support transdiagnostic investigations that are considered central for gaining deeper insight into etiological processes and psychopathology that may not align well with categorical illness delineations. Here, we present the so-called “knowledge graphs” that could be leveraged in analytic approaches to synthesize multimodal data of transdiagnostic relevance, identify important latent structures and biomarkers, and support the evaluation of existing transdiagnostic frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143288352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensions of psychosis in delirious and catatonic trauma critically Ill patients","authors":"Ming-Ray Xu ,&nbsp;Trey W. McGonigle ,&nbsp;Jinyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Robert S. Dittus ,&nbsp;Stephan Heckers ,&nbsp;Pratik P. Pandharipande ,&nbsp;Shawniqua Williams Roberson ,&nbsp;Mayur B. Patel ,&nbsp;E. Wesley Ely ,&nbsp;Jo Ellen Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We examined the effect of delirium and catatonia on psychosis symptom presentation in trauma intensive care unit (TICU) patients without previous history of serious psychiatric illness.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective observational cohort study at a single academic medical center TICU, enrolling adult patients with critical illness secondary to traumatic injury excluding patients with significant psychiatric history. ICU patients received once-daily DSM-5 delirium and catatonia evaluations, and Clinician-Related Dimensions of Psychosis Severity Scale (CRDPSS) assessment. Patients were grouped by delirium and/or catatonia diagnosis with Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson’s Chi-square testing of differences between groups in CRDPSS scores.</div></div><div><h3>Main Results</h3><div>74 patients were sorted into delirium and/or catatonia groups for the dimensions of psychosis analysis. Catatonia was common in this critically ill trauma population with 26 % prevalence. Patients with delirium and/or catatonia diagnoses had differing severities of psychosis symptoms from those with neither condition. CRDPSS total scores were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.011).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Further investigation is needed to explore commonalities in the mechanisms underpinning ICU psychosis and to identify specific psychotic symptom manifestations suggestive of delirium versus catatonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143927533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using data processing to understand inconsistency in smartphone behavior among patients with serious mental illness: Results of a digital phenotyping biomarker study","authors":"Carsten Langholm ,&nbsp;Scott Breitinger ,&nbsp;Lucy Gray ,&nbsp;Fernando Goes ,&nbsp;Alex Walker ,&nbsp;Ashley Xiong ,&nbsp;Cindy Stopel ,&nbsp;Peter P. Zandi ,&nbsp;Mark A. Frye ,&nbsp;John Torous","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Smartphone-based digital phenotyping can provide novel transdiagnostic markers of mental illness including circadian routines and anhedonia. In proposing transdiagnostic digital phenotypes for circadian routines and anhedonia in depression and bipolar disorder patients, this paper explores their derivation, comparison to naive models, and replicability across two different research sites/teams.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>84 participants (bipolar disorder, depression, controls) used the mindLAMP app for 12 weeks to capture digital phenotypes on their personal smartphones. mindLAMP was used to deliver surveys about mood symptoms while collecting device acceleration, geolocation, and screen on/off state. Participant chronotype was derived from this sensor data. Within-participant and between-participant models were created to assess how time-varying features collected through digital phenotyping could predict weekly anhedonia survey responses.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Within-person models outperformed between-person models in predicting anhedonia. Chronotype was the strongest predictor of weekly anhedonia scores as indicated by Shapley scores. Shapley scores also revealed that many of the time-varying predictor variables are significant but differ in their direction of action.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>This analysis reveals the meaningful but potentially misleading nature of digital phenotyping signals. Results suggest that each participant has a unique set of relationships between time-varying digital phenotype variables; therefore, it is challenging to predict trends between participants. Bayesian models, with appropriate population priors, may offer the next step for improving the potential of personalized digital phenotyping insights.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000236/pdfft?md5=ee19f0d28e48734651021d555d462021&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141963224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of thrombotic tendency in schizophrenia and related psychoses: Implications for the potential usefulness of anticoagulants in schizophrenia","authors":"Kara B. Miecznikowski ,&nbsp;Henry A. Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Many published studies report that antipsychotic therapy is associated with thrombotic tendency. However, fewer studies have examined whether thrombotic tendency exists in unmedicated schizophrenia (SZ) or other psychoses. In addition, some studies have reported a full remission of psychotic symptoms with warfarin, a well-known anticoagulant, raising the possibility that psychosis may be associated with thrombotic tendency. Here, we summarize the available literature on biomarkers of thrombotic tendency in unmedicated patients with SZ and other psychoses.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A PubMed search using the keywords “psychosis” OR “schizophrenia” AND (“coagulation” OR “tissue plasminogen activator” OR “thromboembolism”) for studies published between 2012 and 2023 yielded 290 results. Inclusion criteria were 1) controlled studies, 2) studies including patients with psychosis, 3) English language. Exclusion criteria included 1) review articles, 2) case reports, 3) focus on antipsychotics as a factor in thrombotic tendency.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seven studies met criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis in this review. Five studies included patients with SZ and related psychoses, while two studies also included patients with major depression and bipolar disorders. Numerous plasma proteins involved in regulating coagulation were identified as being low in patients with SZ, including fibrinolytic enzymes such as tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), plasmin, protein S, and plasminogen, although one study found that tPA was reduced in chronic SZ but elevated in first-episode SZ (FES) patients.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Those reports suggestive of thrombotic tendency in schizophrenia and related psychoses warrant further investigation, especially in drug-naïve first episode samples as compared to chronic patients, where antipsychotic treatment may contribute to thrombotic tendency. If confirmed, therapeutic strategies with anticoagulants like tPA may represent a novel approach to managing schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000261/pdfft?md5=8b0a87c2adc9a759d133aa1c1c38dc44&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and risks of esketamine nasal spray continuation in treatment-resistant depression","authors":"Maxwell Z. Price ,&nbsp;Richard L. Price","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Treatment-resistant depression, defined as a failure of at least two oral antidepressants of adequate dose and duration in the current episode, is a debilitating condition with low rates of response and remission. Intranasal esketamine is the first medication approved by regulatory authorities for difficult to treat depressive episodes that builds directly on the discovery of the rapid antidepressant effects of intravenously administered racemic ketamine. Approved in the United States in 2019, and subsequently, in many countries worldwide, intranasal esketamine is indicated in conjunction with any new or previously taken oral antidepressant medication of the clinician’s choosing for treatment-resistant depression in adults. It is also indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults with acute suicidal ideation or behavior who may or may not be treatment-naive or have treatment-resistant depression. This article outlines the case for the efficacy, safety profile, and feasibility of acute, short-term intranasal esketamine followed by the long-term continuation of intranasal esketamine versus long-term off-label intravenous ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. The article further suggests biomarkers to predict response that warrant further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000224/pdfft?md5=7b709245c38a99a3e9739bf4b7bbdc2f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141852688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering nesfatin-1 and irisin hormones in schizophrenia and psychosis patients: A comparative investigation","authors":"Erhan Dinçer ,&nbsp;Sermin Algul ,&nbsp;Oguz Ozcelik","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to elucidate the potential roles of the hormones nesfatin-1 and irisin in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and psychosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study involved 80 participants, divided into three groups: schizophrenia (n=30), psychosis (n=20), and controls (n=30). Blood samples were collected from these participants, and the levels of irisin and nesfatin-1 were measured using the ELISA method.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings revealed that nesfatin-1 levels in schizophrenia patients were significantly higher compared to those in psychosis patients and controls. Additionally, nesfatin-1 levels in psychosis patients were significantly higher than in controls. In contrast, irisin levels were significantly lower in schizophrenia patients compared to both psychosis patients and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>These results suggest that nesfatin-1 and irisin may have important implications for understanding and treating schizophrenia and psychosis. Further research is needed to explore the roles of these hormones in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia: A systematic review of behavioral and neurobiological findings","authors":"Philipp Aumer ,&nbsp;Geva A. Brandt ,&nbsp;Dusan Hirjak ,&nbsp;Florian Bähner","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and hypothesis</h3><div>Impaired cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia (SZ) is well documented and correlation with worse functional outcome indicates clinical relevance. Paradigms that assess cognitive flexibility include the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery’s (CANTAB) Intra-Extra Dimensional Set Shift (IED). This systematic review provides an overview of the current state of research on cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia and points out relevant areas of non-consensus.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two electronic databases (Embase and PubMed) were searched for records published from 1993 to 2024 on adult SZ patients that were assessed for cognitive flexibility/set-shifting ability using WCST and/or IED.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>38 studies were included in the review, most of which reported significantly worse performance of SZ patients in WCST and/or IED compared to healthy controls (HC). Most publications focused on the specific profile of cognitive inflexibility. Other aspects included progression of cognitive inflexibility over the course of the illness, neurobiological correlates, IQ as a possible confounder and whether cognitive inflexibility is a heritable trait.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Included studies show that cognitive inflexibility rather reflects a stable trait than a state, indicating a lasting prefrontal impairment in SZ. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify how these deficits evolve during progression of the disorder. Neither antipsychotic medication nor intelligence seem to explain impaired cognitive flexibility. However, a disease-specific cognitive phenotype has not yet been established and additional research on neuro-computational mechanisms is thus needed to identify possible targets for interventional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental examination in blood and urine samples of Jordanian children with autism spectrum disorder","authors":"Ayat Hussein B. Rashaid ,&nbsp;Tasneem Shanayneh ,&nbsp;Mazin Alqhazo ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Bashtawi","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the psychiatric disorders with unknown etiology, which possibly affects children in the first three years of their life. This case-control study was performed to explore the differences in concentrations of 9 elements: sodium (Na), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), thorium (Th), and uranium (U) in whole blood and urine specimens of children with ASD, neurotypical children, and their mothers. The study investigates the associations between the elements, sex, and severity of ASD. Methods and Materials: The study rincluded 21 children with ASD and 19 age-sex-matched neurotypical children. Elemental analysis was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The behaviors of ASD were assessed using the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). The results indicated a significant increase of Al (198 ± 87, <em>p</em>= 0.05) and significant decrease of Ca (50 ± 3, <em>p</em>= 0.007) and Mn (10 ± 1, <em>p</em>= 0.004) in blood sample of ASD compared to the neurotypical group. In the urine sample, a significant decrease level appeared in Ca (41 ± 10, <em>p</em>=0.05) of ASD compared to neurotypical. The maternal samples showed no significant difference between ASD and neurotypical. The main finding of this study could help the specialist to diagnose and relieve symptoms of ASD. Thus, the heavy and trace elements analysis is a biomarker for ASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective processing in aphantasia and potential overlaps with alexithymia: Mental imagery facilitates the recognition of emotions in oneself and others","authors":"Merlin Monzel,&nbsp;Jana Karneboge,&nbsp;Martin Reuter","doi":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bionps.2024.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated affective processing in aphantasia (= absent or reduced vividness of mental imagery), considering a possible overlap with alexithymia (= deficits in identifying and describing emotions), as reduced vividness of mental imagery is also reported in alexithymia. Study 1 assessed physiological reactions and self-reported sympathy in <em>n</em> = 30 individuals with aphantasia and <em>n</em> = 75 controls when confronted to visual and verbal material showing people in distress. Results demonstrated that individuals with aphantasia show reduced emotional responses, especially to verbal stimuli. This is of particular importance given the higher prevalence of alexithymic symptoms in aphantasic participants, notably in externally-oriented thinking and difficulties in describing feelings. An additional mediation analysis confirmed that vividness of visual imagery mediated the association between alexithymia and self-reported sympathy. Study 2 extended our exploration to the recognition of emotions in others using the same sample. Despite accurate recognition of emotions, individuals with aphantasia exhibited significantly slower response times, suggesting less efficient strategies that do not involve mental imagery. Our findings highlight the crucial role of mental imagery in the interplay of cognitive functions and affective processes, demonstrating how conditions such as aphantasia and alexithymia can affect sympathy and, more generally, emotions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52767,"journal":{"name":"Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatry","volume":"11 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666144624000248/pdfft?md5=9568f93325b678dcb91b22c5c491bea0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666144624000248-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}