Journal of Trauma and Injury最新文献

{"title":"Year-round consistency in upper extremity trauma surgery in Florida: challenging the concept of \"trauma season\": a retrospective study.","authors":"Anshumi Desai, Rohan Mangal, Daniel Garcia, Mitchell A Pet, Kashyap K Tadisina","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0154","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2025.0154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Upper extremity (UE) trauma requiring surgery in the United States typically peaks during the summer and fall; however, Florida's climate may create a distinct temporal pattern. This study analyzes year-round UE trauma surgery volumes at a South Florida academic medical center to explore the potential impact of environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Current Procedural Terminology (CPT; standardized codes used to report medical and surgical procedures) databases were analyzed to identify acute UE trauma codes over a 132-month period, and surgical volume was tabulated accordingly. Raw data were plotted as a time series and subsequently converted to a moving average ratio. Autocorrelation analysis was performed to assess yearly periodicity, and multivariable modeling evaluated variability attributable to this periodicity. A subanalysis examined periodicity across three predefined age groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5,924 CPT codes were included in the analysis. The highest monthly volume of UE trauma-related CPT codes occurred in March (49.5 codes per month), whereas the lowest volume occurred in June (41.7 codes per month), yielding a difference of 7.8 codes. No consistent patterns were observed with respect to higher case volumes by specific months or seasons. Time series analysis across the 132-month period demonstrated an overall trend of volume growth without evidence of annual fluctuation. Autocorrelation analysis revealed no yearly periodicity in UE trauma CPT volumes, including after weekend-specific subanalysis. In age-stratified models, results remained nonsignificant: 18-44 years (R2=0.10, P=0.401), 45-64 years (R2=0.10, P=0.369), and ≥65 years (R2=0.13, P=0.133).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UE trauma operations were consistently distributed throughout the year, with no distinct periodic fluctuations identified across weekends or age groups in Florida. These findings suggest that weather-related factors may contribute to the seasonal patterns observed in other geographic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":"39 3","pages":"256-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"C1-ring osteosynthesis for Jefferson fracture: a multi-institutional retrospective case series.","authors":"Hangeul Park, Woojin Kim, Jungbo Sim, Ho Sung Myeong, Seunghoon Lee, Jun-Hoe Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Fon-Yih Tsuang, Chi Heon Kim","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0232","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2025.0232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>C1-ring osteosynthesis is gaining attention as a motion-preserving alternative for treating type III Jefferson fracture. This study evaluated its clinical and radiological outcomes, especially in cases involving partial transverse atlantal ligament (TAL) injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study reviewed patients who underwent C1-ring osteosynthesis for traumatic type III Jefferson fracture at two institutions between January 2011 and December 2024. Preoperative and postoperative medical records, radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography were reviewed to assess fracture type, TAL injury, anterior atlantodental interval (AADI), and posterior atlantodental interval (PADI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight patients (mean age, 49.1±20.0 years; 87.5% male) were included. Seven patients (87.5%) had type III Jefferson fractures, and one patient had a type III Jefferson fracture with lateral mass involvement. Partial TAL injury was identified in six patients. The mean follow-up period was 40.0±9.9 months. No postoperative neurological deficits or surgery-related complications were reported. Complete C1 ring fusion was achieved in six patients (75.0%) within 13.3±8.5 months. Two patients achieved fusion only at the posterior arch, with the anterior arch remaining unfused but without displacement. At the last follow-up, the C2-C7 Cobb angle was -17.7°±6.6°, and the cervical range of motion was 59.1°±22.6°. Seven patients (87.5%) had a flexion AADI greater than 3 mm; however, the difference in AADI between flexion and extension was within 2 mm, and the PADI was maintained at an acceptable level (16.0±1.2 mm).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>C1-ring osteosynthesis provided effective anatomical reduction, solid fusion, and favorable preservation of cervical motion in patients with type III Jefferson fracture, including those with partial TAL injury. These findings support its clinical utility as a motion-preserving alternative to posterior intersegmental fusion. Prospective studies with larger cohorts and comparative controls are warranted to validate these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":"39 3","pages":"234-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of psychiatric comorbidities on in-hospital outcomes and mortality following isolated traumatic brain injury: a retrospective cohort analysis study.","authors":"Krishna Ruthra, Shangar Muhunthan, Vladimir Rubinshteyn, Loren Harris, Nisha Lakhi","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0062","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2025.0062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The impact of preexisting psychiatric illness on outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly mortality and in-hospital complications, remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of psychiatric comorbidities on the clinical outcomes of patients with isolated blunt TBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis using data from the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Programs database (2014-2016). Patients aged 18 years or older with isolated blunt TBI were included. Participants were categorized based on the presence or absence of a psychiatric comorbidity. Outcomes assessed included in-hospital complications, length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality. Variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were entered into logistic regression models to determine the independent effect of psychiatric comorbidity on adverse outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 32,304 patients, 2,580 (8.0%) had psychiatric comorbidities. These patients were significantly older and exhibited higher rates of other comorbid conditions and substance abuse. Univariate analysis demonstrated significantly worse outcomes among patients with psychiatric illness, including higher mortality (8.6% vs. 5.0%), greater ICU admission rates (33.4% vs. 24.0%), and increased rates of sepsis (0.9% vs. 0.3%), pneumonia (2.5% vs. 1.2%), and pulmonary embolism (0.4% vs. 0.1%). Logistic regression confirmed psychiatric comorbidity as an independent predictor of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-2.31), sepsis (aOR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.45-3.84), pneumonia (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.25-2.25), pulmonary embolism (aOR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.21-5.15), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (aOR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.93-4.94), after controlling for comorbidities and demographic factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with significantly higher mortality and increased in-hospital complications in patients with isolated blunt TBI. These findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and management strategies to improve outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":"39 3","pages":"241-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Korea's preventable trauma death rate falls to single digits: what comes next?","authors":"Gil Jae Lee","doi":"10.20408/jti.2026.0170","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2026.0170","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":"39 3","pages":"199-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological considerations regarding dorsal cortex drilling in distal radius fracture surgery: a critical appraisal on \"Is dorsal cortex drilling necessary for distal radius fractures treated with a volar locking plate? A comparative study of near-cortex-only and far-cortex drilling\".","authors":"Ahmet Acar","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0261","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2025.0261","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":" ","pages":"316-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148972333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors associated with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury mortality in admitted older adults: a retrospective, single-center study at a level II trauma center.","authors":"Michael Sawyers, Katherine Graham, John Elliott, Jeff Hubartt","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0244","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2025.0244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Approximately one in four adults aged ≥65 years experiences a fall each year, and over one-third of these events require medical care. Older adults are at higher risk of complications because of comorbidities. Most prior studies have focused on incidence rather than outcomes, and few have evaluated the association between age and traumatic brain injury (TBI) mortality. This study assessed risk factors and risk-adjusted mortality and morbidity among older adults with moderate or severe TBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of data from a single-center trauma registry. Inclusion criteria were age ≥65 years, admission ≥3 days (2019-2024), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) head region score ≥1, and no documented advance directive limiting care. Patients were stratified by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) severity as moderate (GCS 9-12) or severe (GCS <9). Mortality was defined as in-hospital death or discharge to hospice (including transition to comfort care). Morbidity was defined as discharge to a skilled nursing facility or inpatient rehabilitation. Analyses included t-tests or Mann-Whitney U-tests for continuous variables, chi-square tests with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for categorical variables, and logistic regression to identify predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 199 participants, 92 had moderate and 107 had severe TBI. Advanced airway placement was strongly associated with mortality (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.3-14.4; P<0.001). Higher AIS head region scores predicted morbidity (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.7; P<0.001). In the moderate TBI cohort, diabetes and advanced airway placement were significant predictors of mortality, and longer length of stay was associated with increased morbidity. In the severe TBI cohort, age and ventilator days predicted mortality, whereas activation level and length of stay predicted morbidity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Predictors of outcomes differed by TBI severity, underscoring the importance of comorbidities, airway management, and hospitalization-related factors in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":" ","pages":"264-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the emergency medical services crew size (2 vs. ≥3 personnel) on prehospital performance and survival in severe trauma: a nationwide cohort study in Korea.","authors":"Seung Hyo Lee, Won Pyo Hong, Kyoungwon Jung, Hangjoo Cho, Mi Yeon Lee, Hwan Seon Moon","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0230","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2025.0230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Timely and coordinated prehospital interventions are critical to improving outcomes in patients with severe trauma. In Korea, national discussions are underway to expand emergency medical services (EMS) crews from the standard two-person configuration to three, yet nationwide evidence supporting this policy remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether EMS crew size (2 vs. ≥3 personnel) is associated with differences in prehospital care performance and survival outcomes among patients with severe trauma, accounting for potential confounding factors, including the COVID-19 period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of EMS dispatches linked with trauma registry data in Korea from January 2018 to December 2023. Adults (≥18 years) with field-classified severe trauma were included. The main exposure was EMS crew size. Primary outcomes were scene time ≤10 minutes, advanced airway management among unresponsive patients, and intravenous (IV) access in hypotensive patients (systolic blood pressure ≤90 mmHg). The secondary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, and results adjusted for potential confounders are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 78,203 severe trauma patients, 47,594 (60.9%) were treated by ≥3-person crews. After adjustment, larger crews were significantly associated with improved IV access (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-1.66) and higher odds of achieving on-scene time ≤10 minutes (aOR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.13). Advanced airway management also demonstrated borderline statistical significance (aOR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.28). Overall survival to hospital discharge was 89.0%. Although survival was slightly higher in the two-person group (89.7% vs. 88.5%, P<0.01), the difference was not significant after adjustment (aOR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.94-1.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>EMS crews of ≥3 members demonstrated improved procedural performance in severe trauma, but no significant survival advantage. System-level investments and further outcome-based research are warranted to optimize crew configurations and resource allocation.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":"39 3","pages":"224-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exsanguinating arterial-vesical injury after a gunshot wound to the lower extremity: a case report.","authors":"Brendan P Stewart, Herbert Downton Ramos, Andrew R Doben, Stephanie C Montgomery","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0046","DOIUrl":"10.20408/jti.2025.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Arterial-vesical injuries are rare entities, often presenting with bladder distension, bright red hematuria, and clot retention. The few cases reported in the literature typically occur following traumatic injuries to the groin or pelvis. We present a case of an arterial and vesical injury with decompression through the bladder. Our patient was a 21-year-old man who presented to a level I trauma center as a high-level activation trauma case following a single gunshot wound to the left lateral thigh. Upon arrival, the patient's blood pressure was 80/50 mmHg. A pelvic x-ray revealed ballistic fragments in the pelvis. Physical examination showed a 1+ palpable left dorsalis pedis pulse. He underwent a formal trauma laparotomy, which did not identify any acute injuries. Concurrently, his Foley catheter exhibited bloody output with bladder distension. Following continuous bladder irrigation, he had profuse sanguineous output. Angiography revealed a complete disruption of the profunda femoris artery. An open exploration of the femoral canal was performed to achieve proximal control of the common femoral artery. We identified a 3-cm longitudinal injury to the profunda femoris artery and an obliterated femoral vein, both of which were ligated, resulting in decreased bladder exsanguination and hemodynamic stabilization. Consistent with the limited published cases of arterial-vesical fistula, our patient presented after a traumatic groin injury. Maintaining a high index of suspicion for communication between the thigh and extraperitoneal space due to projectile trajectory remains crucial to successfully managing these challenging injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":" ","pages":"302-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercharging of the axillary nerve with a nerve innervating the triceps in a partial traumatic brachial plexus injury of a 5-year-old child in India: a case report.","authors":"Sanjay Kumar Giri, Ahana Bandyopadhyay, Santanu Suba","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2025.0203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 5-year-old girl presented with an inability to abduct her left shoulder and flex her left elbow following a fall 1.5 months earlier. Electrodiagnostic studies were suggestive of a partial upper trunk brachial plexus injury. The child was advised to attend monthly follow-up visits with regular physiotherapy and nerve stimulation. At 3 months after injury, elbow flexion had recovered completely, and shoulder abduction had improved to 30°. After an additional month of observation without further clinical improvement in shoulder abduction, a nerve-to-triceps transfer to the axillary nerve was planned in the fifth month. Intraoperatively, the posterior division of the axillary nerve was found to be excitable. To preserve nerve continuity, an end-to-side supercharging procedure was performed using the nerve to the medial head of the triceps to augment the axillary nerve. The postoperative period was uneventful, and physiotherapy was resumed 3 weeks after surgery. Within 7 months of surgery, the patient demonstrated full shoulder abduction. Restoration of shoulder function is a primary goal in the management of brachial plexus injuries. Nerve transfers offer substantial potential for improved functional recovery. In this case, lateral neurorrhaphy of the nerve to the medial head of the triceps to the axillary nerve provided additional motor input, facilitating earlier deltoid recovery. Early surgical intervention in selected cases may contribute to faster and more effective recovery, particularly in the pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 9-year retrospective study of vascular trauma at a suburban level I trauma center: patterns, predictors, and outcomes.","authors":"Yasaswi V Vengalasetti, Akito Theodore Nicol, Nwe Oo Mon, Sara Cardozo-Stolberg, Elizabeth Swezey, Anantha K Ramanathan","doi":"10.20408/jti.2025.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20408/jti.2025.0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, and outcomes of vascular trauma patients admitted to an American College of Surgeons level I trauma center located in a predominantly suburban county on Long Island, New York, United States, and to compare these findings with the existing literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study used data collected from the hospital's trauma registry for all patients with documented vascular trauma between January 2015 and December 2023, identified through relevant ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trauma registry query identified 208 vascular trauma cases out of 12,617 total trauma cases (1.7%). The overall mortality rate was 19.7%, and the amputation rate was 2.4%. Patients were predominantly male, with a mean age of 40 years. Black and Hispanic patients were disproportionately affected. Most injuries were blunt, and these were associated with higher Injury Severity Scores (ISS), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, and longer hospital length of stay (LOS). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant overall effect of mechanism of injury (blunt vs. penetrating) on ISS, GCS, and hospital LOS. Truncal injuries carried higher mortality than face/neck and extremity injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although relatively uncommon, vascular trauma remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in blunt mechanisms and truncal injuries. The findings highlight the importance of regional epidemiological surveillance and raise concerns about racial disparities. These results emphasize the need for targeted prevention efforts, improved resource allocation, and further research to address the social and clinical factors underlying poor outcomes in vascular trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":52698,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Trauma and Injury","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148801280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}