{"title":"Nouveautés sur l’infection ostéo-articulaire postopératoire","authors":"Pierre-Etienne Leblanc , Nathalie Tarraf , Aurore Rodrigues , Lélia Escaut , Anatole Harrois","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les infections ostéo-articulaires postopératoires (prothèse articulaire, rachis) sont relativement peu fréquentes mais graves par leurs conséquences. Leur prise en charge est bien codifiée : prélèvements bactériologiques de bonne qualité, chirurgie systématique pour lavage et détersion, gestion de la prothèse articulaire selon le délai d’apparition de l’infection et le type de germe en cause, traitement antibiotique empirique par pipéracilline-tazobactam et daptomycine avec un relais adapté à l’antibiogramme du ou des germes dès que possible, traitement intraveineux de 7<!--> <!-->jours avant le relais per os, durée d’antibiothérapie de 6 semaines pour les infections rachidiennes et 12 semaines pour les infections sur prothèse. Les progrès à venir sont liés au contrôle des facteurs de risque pré- et peropératoires.</p></div><div><p>Postoperative osteo-articular infections (joint prosthesis, spine) are relatively uncommon but display devastating consequences. Their management is well codified: good quality bacteriological samples, systematic surgery for wound debridement and irrigation, surgical management of the joint prosthesis according to the type of germ involved and the time between initial surgery and infection, empirical antibiotic treatment with piperacillin-tazobactam and daptomycin, with antibiotic adjustments according to the type of pathogen and its antimicrobial susceptibility as soon as possible, intravenous treatment for 7 days before oral treatment, duration of antibiotic therapy of 6 weeks for spinal infections and 12 weeks for prosthetic joint infection. Future improvements rely on better controlling pre- and intraoperative risk factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 284-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxygène à haut débit en anesthésie (THRIVE)","authors":"Morgan Le Guen, Clément Caiazzo, Clément Millet","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La THRIVE est une méthode d’oxygénation nasale à haut débit permettant de prolonger une apnée sans désaturation pendant une procédure anesthésique sans intubation orotrachéale. L’insufflation d’oxygène à haut débit dans les voies aériennes permet l’oxygénation passive dans les alvéoles grâce à sa pression d’insufflation et une décarboxylation partielle passive. Sa facilité d’utilisation et les études récentes montrent son efficacité dans certaines indications comme la préoxygénation en contexte d’urgence et en peropératoire durant les procédures endoscopiques et les procédures courtes ORL sans intubation permettant une exposition optimale du site opératoire. En revanche, elle doit encore faire la preuve de son efficacité et de sa sécurité dans certaines situations comme dans la préoxygénation non apnéique (avant induction) et dans le cas de désaturations postopératoires.</p></div><div><p>Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) is a method of high flow oxygenation aiming to extend an apnea without desaturation during anesthesia without tracheal intubation. The high flow in the airways enables passive oxygenation in the pulmonary alveoli through insufflation pressure, and passive partial decarboxylation. Its ease to use and the recent studies prove its efficiency in some indications like pre-oxygenation during emergent induction and during peroperative endoscopic procedures or short micro-laryngeal procedures without intubation. THRIVE may ensure the security of the patient and the comfort of the operators. However, it still must make the proof of its efficiency and security in some situations like in non-apneic pre-oxygenation (before induction) and in case of postoperative desaturations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 263-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pourquoi et comment répondre à l’obligation de formation médicale continue","authors":"Marc Gentili","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 255-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Du bon usage des corticoïdes au bloc opératoire","authors":"Olivier Imauven M.D. , François Marty M.D. , Carine Courtillot M.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les glucocorticoïdes ont de multiples usages en anesthésie comme en réanimation : la prévention des nausées et vomissements, la prévention de l’insuffisance surrénalienne, le traitement des manifestations allergiques, la sensibilisation aux amines dans le choc septique réfractaire, l’épargne en opiacés dans les protocoles d’analgésie. Cependant ils ne sont pas dépourvus d’effets indésirables, ce qui justifie de les utiliser à bon escient. Les patients sous corticothérapie au long cours, souvent insuffisants corticotropes, sont régulièrement rencontrés au bloc opératoire, beaucoup plus fréquemment que les insuffisants surrénaliens. Ces deux entités souvent confondues dans les recommandations ne présentent pourtant pas les mêmes risques et ne nécessitent pas la même stratégie de supplémentation. De plus les schémas de substitution reposent sur des avis d’expert.</p></div><div><p>Glucocorticoids have multiple uses in anesthesia and intensive care, including the prevention of nausea and vomiting, the prevention of adrenal insufficiency, the treatment of allergic manifestations, and sensitization to amines in refractory septic shock and the combination with other analgesics in multimodal protocols. However, they also induce side effects, and have to be used judiciously. Patients under long-term corticosteroid therapy, that induces corticotropin deficiency, are frequently encountered in the operating room, much more frequently than those with adrenal insufficiency. The two are sometimes confused in guidelines, do not present the same risks and do not require the same supplementation strategy. Moreover, substitution schemes are based on expert opinions in the fields of endocrinology and pharmacology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 289-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aurore Rodrigues, Benjamin Bergis, Jonas Pochard, Pierre-Etienne Leblanc, Lucille Wildenberg, Anne Claire De Crouy Chanel, Anatole Harrois
{"title":"Prise en charge des patients avec hématomes intracérébraux spontanés","authors":"Aurore Rodrigues, Benjamin Bergis, Jonas Pochard, Pierre-Etienne Leblanc, Lucille Wildenberg, Anne Claire De Crouy Chanel, Anatole Harrois","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L’hématome intracérébral spontané est fréquent avec un taux de mortalité élevé. Il survient dans un contexte de « maladie des petits vaisseaux cérébraux », représentée par l’artériolo-sclérose et l’angiopathie amyloïde. Son diagnostic impose une enquête diagnostique exhaustive reposant principalement sur l’imagerie cérébrale injectée. Le transfert dans une unité de neuroréanimation pour traitement spécifique s’impose en cas de lésion macrovasculaire sous-jacente ; il se discute en cas de trouble de conscience dans l’éventualité d’une intervention neurochirurgicale ou d’un neuromonitorage. Le traitement consiste à éviter le développement de lésions cérébrales secondaires en contrôlant le niveau de pression artérielle, en arrêtant les agents antiplaquettaires et en neutralisant les anticoagulants. La réanimation doit être maximaliste à la phase initiale en prenant en compte l’autonomie antérieure, les directives anticipées et/ou les souhaits du patient rapportés par la personne de confiance.</p></div><div><p>Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is frequent and has a high mortality rate. It occurs in cerebral small vessel pathologies like arteriolosclerosis and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Contrast-enhanced brain imaging must be performed to look for macrovascular causes of hemorrhage. In case of cerebral macrovascular pathology, patients must be transferred in neuro-intensive care. This should also be considered for patients with altered level of consciousness, requiring surgery or invasive neuro-monitoring. The aim of the treatment is to prevent secondary brain damage by optimizing blood pressure level, stopping antiplatelet agents and reversing the effects of anticoagulants. Initial care must be completed after considering patient wishes, do not attempt resuscitation orders and prior autonomy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 316-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Walter B. Cannon (1871–1945) la physiologie sur le champ de bataille","authors":"Marc Gentili","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 311-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67736231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Douleur du postpartum : un symptôme souvent oublié ?","authors":"Agnès Legouez","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les douleurs aiguës sont très fréquentes dans le postpartum et souvent invalidantes. Elles peuvent évoluer vers des douleurs chroniques dont les facteurs de risque intrinsèques ne sont pas identifiés clairement. La première ligne de traitement des douleurs après accouchement par voie basse repose sur le paracétamol et les AINS. La morphine peut être administrée par voie péridurale après la délivrance en cas de lésions périnéales ou par voie orale à la demande en postpartum. L’infiltration du périnée par les anesthésiques locaux a des effets limités dans le temps. Le bloc pudendal est efficace après épisiotomie. L’allaitement n’est pas une contre-indication à l’usage de la plupart des antalgiques.</p></div><div><p>Postpartum acute pain is frequent after delivery and commonly disabling. Chronic pain may ensue although risk factors are not clearly identified in this setting. The first line treatment is based on the use of paracetamol and NSAID's. Patients with serious perineal damage or episiotomy may benefit of epidural morphine given through the catheter used during labour. Perineal infiltration with local anesthetics has limited effect while pudendal block may be useful in case of episiotomy. Breast-feeding is not a contra-indication for the use of most analgesic drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 257-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Le personnel soignant et les addictions, le milieu anesthésique à risques. Un exemple de prévention : la mission FIDES (AP–HP)","authors":"Sarah Coscas , Franck Rolland , Karina Rodriguez , Amine Benyamina","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les addictions en milieu professionnel sont une réalité. Elles ont un impact négatif sur la santé des personnes concernées et sur les conditions de travail. Le diagnostic est difficile et retardé car le déni est la règle. Les anesthésistes sont particulièrement exposés du fait de leurs conditions de travail et de la proximité d’agents à potentiel addictogène même si l’alcool reste cependant la première substance consommée. L’Assistance publique des hopitaux de Paris a mis en place la mission FIDES qui a pour objectifs la prévention menée auprès des professionnels et des établissements et l’accompagnement des professionnels concernés.</p></div><div><p>Addiction in healthcare providers in the real issue. It both impairs people's health and their environmental working conditions. Anesthesiologists are especially concerned because of stressful environment and availability of addictive agents. Alcohol remains however the first substance abused. The French hospitals included into the Assistance publique–Hopitaux de Paris have elaborated a task force (mission FIDES) that aims organizing prevention for healthcare providers and establishments, and supporting professionals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 321-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lésions pulmonaires après accident de plongée","authors":"Marc Gentili","doi":"10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pratan.2023.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52613,"journal":{"name":"Praticien en Anesthesie Reanimation","volume":"27 5","pages":"Pages 314-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67739363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}