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Combinando Inteligência Artificial e imagens de satélite para a previsão de sinistros agrícolas: Uma nota 结合人工智能和卫星图像预测农业灾害:说明
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230001
Pedro Henrique Gomes Vieira De Barros, Adirson Maciel de Freitas Junior
{"title":"Combinando Inteligência Artificial e imagens de satélite para a previsão de sinistros agrícolas: Uma nota","authors":"Pedro Henrique Gomes Vieira De Barros, Adirson Maciel de Freitas Junior","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230001","url":null,"abstract":"O setor agrícola está sujeito a adversidades provenientes de eventos climáticos, incidência de pragas, incêndios e variações de mercado, sendo, portanto, de suma importância a adoção de seguro rural para uma gestão adequada das atividades agrícolas. Entretanto, a existência de falhas de mercado inibe o desenvolvimento e a ampliação desse mercado, especialmente no Brasil. Nesse contexto, o principal objetivo desse artigo é propor uma metodologia inovadora que combina algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina com imagens de satélite ópticas e de radar para previsão de sinistros agrícolas que permita uma redução das assimetrias informacionais existentes no mercado brasileiro. Classificação JEL. Q00, Q10, C81.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Desenvolvimento regional da agricultura familiar: Cooperativismo e associativismo 家庭农业的区域发展:合作主义和联合主义
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230005
Érica Basílio Tavares Ramos, José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho
{"title":"Desenvolvimento regional da agricultura familiar: Cooperativismo e associativismo","authors":"Érica Basílio Tavares Ramos, José Eustáquio Ribeiro Vieira Filho","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230005","url":null,"abstract":"Buscou-se avaliar o impacto das cooperativas e associações na produção agropecuária familiar brasileira. Estimou-se uma fronteira estocástica espacial. Em seguida, foram estudadas variáveis que explicassem a eficiência técnica produtiva. O percentual regional de estabelecimentos ligados a cooperativas e associações teve efeito positivo na produção e no desenvolvimento local. O Nordeste apresentou eficiência técnica inferior às regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste. No Sul, o ambiente institucional conseguiu promover políticas com maior integração local (bottom-up) e, no Nordeste, dependeu de ações mais centralizadas com baixa inserção de instituições locais (top-down). Escolaridade e assistência técnica contribuíram para os ganhos de eficiência. Classificação JEL. C01, O13, Q1.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A note on the trade-off between efficiency and equity in public financing of higher education 关于高等教育公共融资效率与公平之间的权衡的说明
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230015
Ana Paula Ruhe, Marcelo de C. Griebeler
{"title":"A note on the trade-off between efficiency and equity in public financing of higher education","authors":"Ana Paula Ruhe, Marcelo de C. Griebeler","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230015","url":null,"abstract":"We build a model that captures the main elements of the public higher education system to evaluate the performance of different financing mechanisms in terms of efficiency and equity. Our main finding is that the provision of direct places in public colleges and universities raises a trade-off between efficiency and equity whenever part of the education cost is financed through taxes. Alternative mechanisms, namely public provision with tuition fees covering totally or partially the educational cost, are also analyzed. We show that, compared to these alternatives, the policy of“free”higher education performs worse in terms of the trade-off between efficiency and equity. The less the taxpayer subsidizes students JEL Codes I22, I24the lower the trade-off.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Migração seletiva de retorno e distribuição salarial: Evidências para população migrante em São Paulo 选择性返回移民和工资分配:sao保罗移民人口的证据
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230014
Juliane do Carmo Duarte Magalhães, Hilton Martins de Brito Ramalho, Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida
{"title":"Migração seletiva de retorno e distribuição salarial: Evidências para população migrante em São Paulo","authors":"Juliane do Carmo Duarte Magalhães, Hilton Martins de Brito Ramalho, Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230014","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o impacto da migração seletiva de retorno sobre a distribuição salarial de migrantes residentes em São Paulo. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e um método de estimação que leva em conta a seleção em não observáveis. Os achados deste estudo apontam para seleção negativa em observáveis e não observáveis no fluxo dirigido ao estado de São Paulo. Considerando a seletividade, a população migrante estaria recebendo mais se todos permanecessem, e a desigualdade dentro do grupo diminuiria substancialmente entre os percentis extremos. JEL Codes R23, J24, C14","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reestimating Brazil’s GDP growth from 1900 to 1980 重新估计巴西1900年至1980年的GDP增长
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230013
Edmar L. Bacha, Guilherme A. Tombolo, Flávio R. Versiani
{"title":"Reestimating Brazil’s GDP growth from 1900 to 1980","authors":"Edmar L. Bacha, Guilherme A. Tombolo, Flávio R. Versiani","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230013","url":null,"abstract":"We present evidence of overestimation of Brazil’s GDP growth both by the Getulio Vargas Foundation from 1947 to 1980 and by Claudio Haddad from 1900 to 1947. The main reason is selection bias in favor of higher-growth goods-producing activities to the detriment of Keywordsslower-growing service activities. We develop and apply methods to include such services in the real output series. As a result, we suggest haircuts that reduce the GDP yearly growth rate from 7.4% to 6.2% in the 1947-1980 period and from 4.4% to 4.0% in the 1900-1947 period. For the whole 1900-1980 period, our suggested haircuts reduce the GDP yearly growth rate from 5.7% to 4.9%. JEL Codes N16, O11, O47, O54","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135260714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A Note on Expansionary Austerity in Brazil 关于巴西扩张性紧缩政策的说明
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230016
Benito Adelmo Salomão Neto
{"title":"A Note on Expansionary Austerity in Brazil","authors":"Benito Adelmo Salomão Neto","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230016","url":null,"abstract":"This article tests the expansionist austerity hypothesis for Brazil between 2000/01 and 2020/12 through Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lags (NARDL) models. Among the results, a long-term relationship was verified between GDP, gross and net public debt, total, direct and indirect taxes, in addition to total, mandatory and discretionary expenses. With regard to the Error Correction Models, the short-term shocks that affect the Brazilian economy dissipate, however, the adjustment dynamics is too slow for all the fiscal variables. Finally, the analysis of dynamic multipliers reports that austerity policies in Brazil, undertaken on the expenditure, tax or debt side, are expansionist. JEL Codes E32, H62, H68","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HEALTH AND EDUCATION: AN IMPACT ANALYSIS APPLYING PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING 健康和教育:应用倾向得分匹配的影响分析
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230017
Maria Estela Basilio de Oliveira Rocha, Fábio Nobuo Nishimura
{"title":"HEALTH AND EDUCATION: AN IMPACT ANALYSIS APPLYING PROPENSITY SCORE MATCHING","authors":"Maria Estela Basilio de Oliveira Rocha, Fábio Nobuo Nishimura","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230017","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we estimated the effect of the School Health Program (PSE) on the total failure, total dropout, and total age/grade distortion rates based on microdata. Data was withdrawn from the School Census and Educational Indicators, published by INEP (Brazilian National Agency for Education and Research), and the list of public schools agreed in 2017 with the PSE, provided by the Ministry of Education (MEC). The Propensity Score Matching method applied sensitivity analyses developed by Ichino, Mealli, and Nannicini (2008) and Oster (2017) and heterogeneous tests to deepen questions intrinsic to the theme. The findings appoint to a fall in the total rates of failure, dropout, and age-grade distortion in schools under PSE compared to schools not participating in the Program. Such effects are significant and stand out in the total failure rate. In addition, it was noted that the PSE causes a more significant impact on the initial grades of middle school (1st to 5th grades) compared to the final years (6th to 9th grades). The sensitivity analyses proposed by Ichino et al. (2008) and Oster (2017) confirmed the result’s robustness. Heterogeneous response tests applied in sample subgroups of teacher characteristics, class characteristics, and socioeconomic level of the school indicated a reduction in the analyzed rates, reinforcing the main result. All considered this study confirmed the hypothesis that schools with PSE agreements present a decrease in the total failure rate, total dropout rate, and total age/grade distortion rate. JEL Codes I00, I11, I18","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135262379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Educação profissional, exigências da ocupação e rendimentos do trabalho no Brasil 巴西的职业教育、职业要求和劳动收入
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20230018
Maurício Cortez Reis, Marina Ferreira Fortes Aguas
{"title":"Educação profissional, exigências da ocupação e rendimentos do trabalho no Brasil","authors":"Maurício Cortez Reis, Marina Ferreira Fortes Aguas","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20230018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20230018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper estimates the consequences of mismatches between workers' attainment of vocational education and requirement of this type of qualification in their occupations in Brazil. Two types of vocational education are investigated here: vocational training and secondary vocational education, which are the most important in Brazil. Combining data from the 2007 PNAD and the 2010 Brazilian Classification of Occupations, indicators of required qualification can be imputed to each employed individual according to his or her occupation. Thus, based on the attainment of vocational education, workers in the sample can be classified as adequately matched, overqualified or underqualified. Estimates indicate that the lack of required qualification seems to have negative consequences on labor earnings, and that workers with vocational education earn more than those who did not complete a course of this type even in occupations where vocational education is not need.","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
O Fundeb e a questão da equidade 基金和股权问题
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20220009
G. Hirata, Lucas Melo, J. B. Oliveira
{"title":"O Fundeb e a questão da equidade","authors":"G. Hirata, Lucas Melo, J. B. Oliveira","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20220009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20220009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Desempenho dos estudantes ao final do ensino médio: Mensurando a influência direta e indireta da educação dos pais 学生高中毕业成绩:衡量父母教育的直接和间接影响
Revista Brasileira de Economia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.5935/0034-7140.20220003
J. Feijó, João Mário Santos de França, Valdemar Rodrigues de Pinho Neto
{"title":"Desempenho dos estudantes ao final do ensino médio: Mensurando a influência direta e indireta da educação dos pais","authors":"J. Feijó, João Mário Santos de França, Valdemar Rodrigues de Pinho Neto","doi":"10.5935/0034-7140.20220003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7140.20220003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52490,"journal":{"name":"Revista Brasileira de Economia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71263612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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