{"title":"Minutes of our Time. A Lifetime for our Patients!","authors":"Catherine K Draper, JoAnn R Gurenlian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 2","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Rachel Fink, J Dustin Tracy, Ashley K Christman, Gianluca De Leo
{"title":"Improving Interprofessional Knowledge And Cooperation Through an Interprofessional Activity Between Physician Assistant and Dental Hygiene Students.","authors":"E Rachel Fink, J Dustin Tracy, Ashley K Christman, Gianluca De Leo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> Oral health education in primary care training is becoming increasingly important, as health professionals become aware of the connection between oral health and systemic health. Dental hygienists are uniquely positioned to support oral health education due to their clinical expertise and patient-centered focus on oral health promotion, disease prevention, and education. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of an interprofessional education (IPE) activity with dental hygiene (DH) and physician assistant (PA) students focusing on oral health education.<b>Methods</b> This half-day IPE activity was first implemented with DH and PA students in 2019, incorporating lecture and case-based learning, and repeated with four subsequent cohorts. Students' self-reported knowledge and confidence were assessed via pre and post-activity Likert-type scale survey questions with all five cohorts of students following the completion of the activity. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was calculated to compare DH and PA students' pre- and post-question scores.<b>Results</b> There were statistically significant increases in pre- and post-activity self-reported knowledge for both the DH and PA groups with a mean gain of 0.55 for DH students and 1.09 for PA students. The largest gain was in knowledge of the other's education and training.<b>Conclusion</b> This IPE activity demonstrated that DH and PA students working together in a case-based learning activity improves confidence in communicating with each other, assessing the medical and dental history, examining the oral cavity for signs of disease, and recognizing normal and abnormal oral pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 2","pages":"45-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amanda Walbrecher, Linda D Boyd, Jared Vineyard, Denice McClure
{"title":"Influence of Psychological Resilience and Emotional Labor on Employee Well-Being Among Dental Hygienists.","authors":"Amanda Walbrecher, Linda D Boyd, Jared Vineyard, Denice McClure","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> Health care workers have been shown to experience a decline in mental health and psychological well-being due to work-related factors. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between demographic and work variables, psychological resilience, emotional labor, and employee well-being among clinical dental hygienists.<b>Methods</b> A cross-sectional survey research design was used with a non-probability sample of clinical dental hygienists (n=411) using validated instruments including: the Emotional Labour Scale, Resilience Evaluation Scale and Employee Well-Being Scale. Participants were recruited on dental hygiene social media sites. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the results.<b>Results</b> The completion rate was 78% (n=322). The regression model for life well-being (LWB) was statistically significant (adjusted R2=.287, <i>p</i><.001). The predictor that increased LWB was self-confidence (β=.403) while predictors of decreased LWB included surface acting (β=-.246), and hours worked (β=-.179, <i>p</i><.001). The regression model for workplace well-being (WWB) was statistically significant (adjusted R2=.262, <i>p</i><.001). Positive predictors of increased WWB included self-confidence (β=.353, <i>p</i><.001), deep acting (β=.130, <i>p</i>=.007), age (β=.105, <i>p</i><.034) while surface acting (β=-.252, <i>p</i><.001) predicted lower WWB. The regression model for psychological well-being (PWB) was statistically significant (adjusted R2=.398, <i>p</i><.001). Predictors that increased PWB included self-confidence (β=.352, <i>p</i><.001), self-efficacy (β=.217, <i>p</i>< .001), deep acting (β=.162, <i>p</i><.001), and frequency (β=.098, <i>p</i><.035), while surface acting (β=-.193, <i>p</i><.001) predicted lower PWB.<b>Conclusion</b> Dental hygienists displayed high levels of psychological resilience. However, hours worked and the factors impacting emotional labor, such as deep acting and surface acting, negatively impacted employee well-being. More research is needed to investigate strategies for managing emotional labor among dental hygienists.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 2","pages":"20-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Influencing Dental Hygienists' Membership in Professional Associations.","authors":"Abrielle Lamphere, Iwonka Eagle","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Membership with professional organizations, including the American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA), plays an important role in supporting dental hygienists through continuing education, networking, advocacy, and professional identity development. Despite these established benefits, membership rates in professional associations remain low. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the trends influencing membership decisions among licensed dental hygienists to inform the design of a larger, more representative national investigation. A cross-sectional electronic survey was pilot tested for content validity and distributed to dental hygienists in four states using convenience sampling. Participants provided demographic information, current membership status in any professional organizations (including the ADHA), and perceptions of benefits and barriers to engagement. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze initial trends. Among the respondents (n=250), 25% reported current ADHA membership; most identified advocacy (82%), access to continuing education (76%), and networking (61%) as meaningful benefits of belonging to a professional organization. In contrast, non-members cited high costs of membership (52%), lack of employer reimbursement (38%), and time constraints (12%) as primary barriers. Non-members were significantly younger (<i>p</i><0.001) and graduated more recently (<i>p</i><0.001) than members. Individuals with higher educational attainment were more likely to maintain membership in a professional organization (<i>p</i><0.001). Open-ended responses revealed varied perceptions of organizational relevance, accessibility, and visibility. These preliminary findings highlight key factors that may shape engagement with professional organizations, including the ADHA. The results underscore the need for expanded sampling, strengthened early-career exposure, and further qualitative exploration. Findings from this pilot will guide the development of a larger national study aimed at understanding and improving professional organization membership among dental hygienists.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 2","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147576402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara K Brent, Josh T Clark, Mitzi Norris, Juanyce D Taylor, Sreenivas Koka, Angela Burrell, Cynthia Senior
{"title":"Leadership Education Within the Dental Hygiene Curriculum at an Academic Medical Center.","authors":"Barbara K Brent, Josh T Clark, Mitzi Norris, Juanyce D Taylor, Sreenivas Koka, Angela Burrell, Cynthia Senior","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> The scope of practice for dental hygienists continues to expand into diverse roles in clinical practice, education, administration, corporate environments, and public health, underscoring the need for robust leadership training. The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions of leadership education among dental hygienists in administrative roles; describe the leadership skills identified by dentists; and examine the views of dental hygiene faculty on leadership education and skills within the dental hygiene curriculum.<b>Methods</b> Qualitative research methodology was used with semi-structured interviews conducted on an online platform. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit participants across the three stakeholder groups: dental hygienists in administrative roles, dentists, and dental hygiene faculty from baccalaureate programs. Recruitment in each phase continued until thematic saturation was reached. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data.<b>Results</b> Four main themes emerged: <i>Building Bridges, Collective Growth, Embracing Responsibilities</i>, and <i>Overcoming Obstacles</i>, through the interview sessions with dental hygienists in administrative roles (n=11), dentists in private practice (n=6), and dental hygiene faculty members (n=19).<b>Conclusion</b> This research underscores the strategic value of integrating leadership education into dental hygiene curricula, laying a strong foundation for students' future roles as leaders in health care. Recommendations include thoroughly reevaluating current curricula, adopting a strategic approach to embed leadership education, and creating a leadership training framework for dental hygiene education programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 1","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dawn E Smith, Linda D Boyd, Jeannette Diaz-Olivera
{"title":"Experiences of Microaggression Among Racial/Ethnic Minority Dental Hygienists: A qualitative study.","authors":"Dawn E Smith, Linda D Boyd, Jeannette Diaz-Olivera","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> Microaggressions are described as brief routine verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities that convey hostile, derogatory, or negative attitudes and may be intentional or unintentional. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe how dental hygienists who identified as members of racial/ethnic minority groups experience microaggressions in dental workplace settings.<b>Methods</b> A qualitative phenomenological research design was used with a purposive sample of 14 dental hygienists who identified as racial or ethnic minorities recruited via social media and snowball sampling. Data was collected through virtual focus groups with the use of deductive analysis based on the sub-scales of the Racial and Ethnic Microaggression Scale to identify themes followed by inductive analysis.<b>Results</b> Five themes emerged from the focus groups that included <i>assumptions of inferiority, workplace microaggression, emotional response, second class citizen</i>, and <i>microinvalidation</i> Participants reported instances of being considered less competent or less well educated by employers and/or patients because of their race or ethnicity. Workplace microaggressions ranged from lack of promotion to being fired. Participants expressed a range of emotions from being angry to being ambivalent in response to the microaggression.<b>Conclusion</b> Dental hygienists who identify as racial or ethnic minorities frequently experience microaggressions in the clinical work setting. Most participants reported being considered inferior due to their race or ethnicity along with a variety of workplace microaggressions. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate microaggressions with ongoing education about recognition and response to microaggression to ensure an inclusive and welcoming work environment. It is critical to address microaggression to recruit and retain a diverse workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 1","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Victoria Tumidajski, Linda D Boyd, Jaymi-Lyn Adams, Jared Vineyard
{"title":"Professional Quality of Life and Self-Compassion Among Dental Hygienists.","authors":"Victoria Tumidajski, Linda D Boyd, Jaymi-Lyn Adams, Jared Vineyard","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> Health care professionals are often faced with stressful situations, demanding physical work, and unique pressures impacting patient care and personal health and wellness. The purpose of this study was to assess perceived levels of self-compassion and their relationship with professional quality of life in clinical dental hygienists.<b>Methods</b> A cross-sectional survey of clinical dental hygienists (n=345) was conducted using a non-probability sample recruited via social media. Data collection used two validated instruments: Professional Quality of Life-21 with 2 sub-scales (compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) with 6 sub-scales (self-kindness, self-judgment, common humanity, isolation, mindfulness, over-identification). Descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression modeling were used for data analysis.<b>Results</b> The completion rate was 48.4% (n=167). The SCS total mean score (M=2.85), compassion satisfaction (CS; 37.86) and compassion fatigue (CF; 25.62) mean scores were all in the moderate range. Regression models included SCS sub-scales and demographics with statistically significant correlations to CS and CF. In the regression model for CS, the SCS sub-scales of self-kindness (β=2.10, t(.225) = 2.078, <i>p</i>=.039) and mindfulness (β=2.50, t(.250) = 2.312, <i>p</i>=.022) emerged as predictors. The model explained 18.9% of variance in CS (R<sup>2</sup> = .199, adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = .189, F(2,164) = 20.35, <i>p</i><.001). In the regression model for CF, the SCS sub-scales self-judgment (β=-.33, t(162)=-3.53, <i>p</i><.001) and isolation (β=-.215, t(162) = -2.282, <i>p</i>=.024) along with the average number of hours worked per week providing patient care (β=.147, t(162) = 2.217, <i>p</i>=.028) were predictors. The model explained 28.4% of the variance in CF (R<sup>2</sup>=.297, adjusted R<sup>2</sup>=.284, F(3,162)=22.84, <i>p</i><.001).<b>Conclusion</b> Dental hygienists self-reported moderate self-compassion, CS and CF. Improvement in self-compassion and CS may prevent CF which reduces the risk of burnout. Strategies might include personal (e.g., positive self-talk and self-care) and workplace (e.g., employee wellness resources) approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 1","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R Constance Wiener, Elizabeth Southern Puette, Ruchi Bhandari
{"title":"Consideration of Chronic Pulmonary Disease and Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages in the Dental Hygiene Care Plan.","authors":"R Constance Wiener, Elizabeth Southern Puette, Ruchi Bhandari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifactorial disease/syndrome with epigenetic components and reduced quality of life. Sugar sweetened beverages (SSB) and COPD have been linked in studies with limited sample sizes or outside the United States(US). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the association remains in a large and representative sample of the US.<b>Methods</b> Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2020, on adults >18 years (n=11,090) were utilized for this study. The dependent variable was COPD (yes, no) and the primary variable of interest was percent of daily sugar caloric intake from SSB reported on 24-hour dietary recall (<10%, ≥10%). Weighted bivariate analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for the complex sample design and potential confounders.<b>Results</b> Overall, 8.6% of individuals reported COPD; 44.1% reported drinking SSBs. The percent of daily overall caloric intake from SSB was significantly associated with COPD in the multivariable logistic regression analysis (adjusted odds ratio=1.39 [95%CI:1.13, 1.72] <i>p</i>= 0.0027). Other factors associated with COPD were female sex, older age, poverty level, no insurance, current smoking, higher BMI, and race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic white.<b>Conclusion</b> In this nationally representative study, higher caloric intake from SSBs was significantly associated with COPD. Awareness of this relationship can aid in decision making when identifying priorities for nutritional counseling in the dental hygiene care plan. Communication of this information has the potential to benefit patients' oral health, as well as their overall health and wellness.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 1","pages":"50-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of the Core Four Movement on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Dental Hygiene Students.","authors":"Brian J Wilkinson, Matthew Hunsinger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Purpose</i> The neck and all areas of the upper extremity (shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist and hand) are at elevated risk of developing a musculoskeletal disorder in the dental hygiene population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of adding a corrective exercise regimen on levels of self-rated pain, disability and self-efficacy for dental hygiene students and explore outcomes from implementing an interdisciplinary ergonomic training program over a 20-month period.<b>Methods</b> Students from two consecutive graduating cohorts of a dental hygiene studies education program served as the control group with the subsequent two cohorts serving as the experimental group. The control group received the standardized ergonomic instruction as taught as part of the dental hygiene curriculum. The experimental group received the standardized ergonomic instruction with the addition of the Core Four movement routine performed after each clinic session. All participants completed a novel survey at the end of their academic training utilizing the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index and QuickDASH to evaluate levels of pain, neck disability, upper extremity dysfunction and self-efficacy.<b>Results</b> There were significant differences in reported self-efficacy levels between the control group and experimental group. However, there were no significant between group differences based on the outcomes of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index and QuickDASH measures.<b>Conclusion</b> Including the Core Four movements as part of the ergonomic curriculum may enhance perceived levels of self-efficacy among dental hygiene students. The utility of the Core Four routine for dental hygiene students should be investigated further using randomization, baseline assessment and collection of symptoms related to the lumbar region.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 1","pages":"93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasmin S Balcazar-Romero, Uhlee Oh, Roxanne M Dsouza-Norwood, Jennifer L Brame
{"title":"Standardized Patients in Dental Hygiene Education.","authors":"Jasmin S Balcazar-Romero, Uhlee Oh, Roxanne M Dsouza-Norwood, Jennifer L Brame","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b> Practice and evaluation of clinical skills in health professions education are essential for developing competent clinicians. Simulation education has emerged as a strategic intervention to achieve this outcome. The purpose of this study was to explore dental hygiene program directors' knowledge and perceptions of standardized patients (SPs) and investigate current utilization of SPs in dental hygiene curricula across the United States (US).<b>Methods</b> A cross-sectional, descriptive study was designed to survey dental hygiene program directors from the accredited dental hygiene programs in the US (n=334). A 22-item online survey was designed and included items on demographics, knowledge of SPs, current use of SPs, willingness to integrate SPs, perceived benefits and clinical skills impact, attitudes toward SPs as a curricular component, and perceived barriers to implementation. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; qualitative open-ended responses underwent thematic analysis via manual coding.<b>Results</b> Ninety-four responses were received for a 28% response rate. Of the respondents, nearly half were unfamiliar with SPs in dental hygiene education (48%, n=41), and only 21% (n=18) integrated SPs into the curriculum. Most (83%, n=44) indicated willingness to collaborate with other health care educators to integrate SPs. Key perceived benefits identified were improving communication and patient interaction skills, assessing student clinical competence effectively, and providing realistic patient scenarios for practice. Barriers to SP integration included a lack of funding (56%, n=40), lack of actors for SP training (51%, n=36), and curriculum overload (51%, n=36).<b>Conclusion</b> Program directors acknowledged that SPs could enhance clinical skills but unfamiliarity and barriers to integration may hinder adoption. These findings present an opportunity to share resources through interprofessional collaboration to support SP integration in dental hygiene programs. Future research should examine dental hygiene students' perspectives on SP effectiveness compared to traditional methods and investigate best practices from dental hygiene programs that successfully integrate SPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":52471,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental hygiene : JDH / American Dental Hygienists'' Association","volume":"100 1","pages":"82-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}