Journal of Carcinogenesis最新文献

{"title":"Melatonin effect on hypoxia inducible factor-1α and clinical response in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Diani Kartini,&nbsp;Akmal Taher,&nbsp;Sonar Soni Panigoro,&nbsp;Rianto Setiabudy,&nbsp;Sri Widia Jusman,&nbsp;Sofia Mubarika Haryana,&nbsp;Abdullah Murdani,&nbsp;Primariadewi Rustamadji,&nbsp;Adlina Karisyah,&nbsp;Sani Hadiyan Rasyid","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_19_20","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_19_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Chemoresistance is a major issue in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of melatonin in conjunction with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and clinical response in locally advanced OSCC patients.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To study the effects of melatonin on HIF-1α expression and its effect on the clinical response of patients with locally advanced OSCC.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted, wherein patients were recruited from several hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Patients were randomized into two groups using computerized block randomization.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>Both groups were given NC, with treatment group receiving melatonin. Outcomes measured in this study were HIF-1α expression from tissue samples and clinical response based on the RECIST 1.1 criteria. Twenty-five patients completed the study protocol and were included in the data analysis.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the data normality. For data with normal distribution, we conducted an independent <i>t</i>-test to compare between the two groups. Data with abnormal distribution were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. The mean difference between the two groups was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study showed a significant decrease in HIF-1α expression in the melatonin group compared to the placebo group (<i>P</i> < 0.05, relative risk 3.08). However, the degree of reduction of HIF-1α expression in the melatonin group did not differ significantly (<i>P</i> = 0.301).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study showed that melatonin administered at 20 mg/day could reduce the expression of HIF-1α and residual tumor percentage, but did not affect the clinical response in OSCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"20 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8335757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39340290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid metabolism in cancer: A systematic review.","authors":"Wafa Khan,&nbsp;Dominic Augustine,&nbsp;Roopa S Rao,&nbsp;Shankargouda Patil,&nbsp;Kamran Habib Awan,&nbsp;Samudrala Venkatesiah Sowmya,&nbsp;Vanishri C Haragannavar,&nbsp;Kavitha Prasad","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_15_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_15_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preclinical studies and clinical trials have emphasized the decisive role of lipid metabolism in tumor proliferation and metastasis. This systematic review aimed to explore the existing literature to evaluate the role and significance of the genes and pathways most commonly involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer. The literature search was performed as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Approximately 2396 research articles were initially selected, of which 215 were identified as potentially relevant for abstract review. Upon further scrutiny, 62 of the 215 studies were reviews, seminars, or presentations, and 44 were original study articles and were thus included in the systematic review. The predominant gene involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), followed by fatty acid synthase (FASN). The pathway most commonly involved in lipid metabolism in cancer was the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, followed by the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. SCD1 and FASN play significant roles in the initiation and progression of cancer and represent attractive targets for potentially effective anti-cancer treatment strategies. The regulation of cancer metabolism by the Akt kinases will be an interesting topic of future study.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"20 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8312377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39254173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria versus advanced imaging in prediction of cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas: A magnetic resonance imaging based study.","authors":"F Lalfamkima,&nbsp;G L Georgeno,&nbsp;N Koteswara Rao,&nbsp;Rajkumar Selvakumar,&nbsp;Vimal Joseph Devadoss,&nbsp;Niroshini Rajaram,&nbsp;Shomaila Farid,&nbsp;T Lalchhuanawma,&nbsp;Abhishek Singh Nayyar","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_27_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_27_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context and aim: </strong>The inaccuracies in clinical examination have been well documented, while advanced imaging modalities, including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been shown to have superior diagnostic accuracy in detecting occult and nodal metastasis. The aim of the present study was to identify as well as evaluate the inaccuracies in clinical examination and of clinical diagnostic criteria in known cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) with the help of MRI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 24 patients attending as outpatients were included in the study, while clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven cases of OSCC were examined clinically and then subjected to advanced imaging with the help of MRI.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), while paired <i>t</i>-test was performed for evaluating the size of tumor and lymph node recorded on clinical and imaging findings. A <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Detection of tumor size and lymph node metastasis was found to be higher in case of MRI than when accomplished by clinical staging alone, while paired <i>t</i>-test values for difference in results were found to be statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study showed that clinical diagnostic criteria alone were not sufficient and reliable for detecting metastatic lymphadenopathy, highlighting the significance of advanced imaging modalities such as MRI for an efficient preoperative diagnostic workup, as well a tool for planning treatment in patients with OSCCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"20 ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8202445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39140881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wrong place, wrong time: Runt-related transcription factor 2/SATB2 pathway in bone development and carcinogenesis.","authors":"Yusha Zhu,&nbsp;Angelica Ortiz,&nbsp;Max Costa","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_22_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_22_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Upregulation or aberrant expression of genes such as special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is necessary for normal cell differentiation and tissue development and is often associated with carcinogenesis and metastatic progression. SATB2 is a critical transcription factor for biological development of various specialized cell lineages, such as osteoblasts and neurons. The dysregulation of SATB2 expression has recently been associated with various types of cancer, while the mechanisms and pathways by which it mediates tumorigenesis are not well elucidated. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a master regulator for osteogenesis, and it shares common pathways with SATB2 to regulate bone development. Interestingly, these two transcription factors co-occur in several epithelial and mesenchymal cancers and are linked by multiple cancer-related proteins and microRNAs. This review examines the interactions between RUNX2 and SATB2 in a network necessary for normal bone development and the circumstances in which the expression of RUNX2 and SATB2 in the wrong place and time leads to carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"20 ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8202446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39140882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten-year survival outcome of breast cancer patients in India.","authors":"Patel Viral,&nbsp;K Pavithran,&nbsp;K Beena,&nbsp;Ajil Shaji,&nbsp;D K Vijaykumar","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_26_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_26_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in India; however, there are no studies addressing long-term survival (10 years and above). This study sought to evaluate long-term oncological outcome among women with breast cancer treated with a curative intent.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort analysis of 1301 breast cancer patients of all stages who had received primary treatment with curative intent from 2004 to 2010 at a single cancer institution of India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1301 breast cancer patients were available for final analysis. The median age was 51 years (range, 21-86 years). 70.25% of the patients had early breast cancer (EBC), 21.9% had locally advanced breast cancer, and 7.85% of the patients with de novo metastatic disease also underwent surgery. 56.5% of the patients had hormone-sensitive tumors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 over expression was seen in 17%, and triple-negative tumors accounted for 26.2% of the patients. The 5- and 10-year overall survival (OS) of the entire cohort was 79% and 66%, and the 5- and 10-year breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was 79% and 70%, respectively. OS and BCSS were 51% and 58%, respectively, at 15-year follow-up after primary cancer treatment. On multivariate analysis, the factors associated with prolonged survival were age ≤50 years, EBC, and treatment during the later period (2008-2010).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Difference between OS and BCSS was found to have an increasing trend during 10-15-year follow-up, the difference being 4% at 10 years and 7% at 15 years. Age ≤50 years, early-stage disease at presentation, and primary cancer treatment in later years (2008-2010) were favorable predictors for 10-year survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"20 ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8202444/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39140880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological significance of immunohistochemical expression of Filamin A in breast cancer.","authors":"Lokavarapu Manoj Joshua,&nbsp;Farhanul Huda,&nbsp;Shalinee Rao,&nbsp;Bina Ravi","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_9_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_9_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Filamin A is an actin-crosslinking protein expressed in many malignancies, although its prognostic and therapeutic role in breast cancer is not studied. There is enigma regarding its dual role in cancer, the tumor-progressing or tumor-suppressing effects depending on the site to which it localizes in the cell. The current study aimed to detect Filamin A expression in breast cancer and its association with other biomarkers and other clinicopathological parameters and established risk factors in breast cancer so that it can be a potential site for targeted therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred female patients of histologically proven breast cancer who presented to our hospital over a 2-year period were included in the study. None of the patients received prior radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. Patients with recurrent breast cancer are not included in the study. All study cases are subjected to immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Her2 neu, and ki-67 from core biopsy tissue of cases diagnosed as breast carcinoma. Tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry with anti-Filamin A.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Filamin A is expressed in 69% of cases of invasive breast cancer in our study. There was no statistically significant relationship of Filamin A immunoexpression with histological grade, age, parity, oral contraceptive use, smokeless tobacco use, TNM staging, clinical staging, clinical prognostic staging, and also ER, PR, Her2 neu, and ki-67 status (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Thus, it appears to be an independent biomarker in breast carcinoma. Filamin A was expressed only in the cytoplasm in all our study cases. Filamin A expression can be observed in adjacent normal breast tissue and benign fibroadenoma tissues also, but the pattern of expression is mainly membranous with cytoplasmic positivity. The cytoplasmic expression is seen in malignant cells as well as normal breast and benign tumor sections implicating the dual role of Filamin A in breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No significant correlation could be found between Filamin A expression and clinicopathological parameters in our study. The cytoplasmic expression is seen in malignant cells as well as normal breast and benign tumor sections implicating the dual role of Filamin A in breast cancer. Filamin A immunoexpression should be further correlated with metastasis-free survival period of breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"19 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7921776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25445495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spalt-like transcription factor 4 expression in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical appraisal.","authors":"Spoorti Kulkarni,&nbsp;Monica Solomon,&nbsp;Chetana Chandrashekar,&nbsp;Nisha Shetty,&nbsp;Sunitha Carnelio","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spalt-like transcription factor 4 (SALL4) is a stem cell marker that plays a critical role in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells. Only a few studies have been done to apprehend the expression of SALL4 in the potentially malignant oral lesion (leukoplakia with dysplasia) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of SALL4 in leukoplakia with dysplasia and OSCC and to correlate the expression of the marker (SALL4) with the various clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Immunohistochemistry for SALL4 protein was performed on 140 cases: those histopathologically confirmed cases of leukoplakia with dysplasia (<i>n</i> = 30) and OSCC (<i>n</i> = 110). Ten cases of nonepithelial neoplasm (fibroepithelial hyperplasia and excised tissue surrounding impacted third molars) were taken as control. Statistical analyses were applied to evaluate correlations between SALL4 overexpression and clinicopathological features of leukoplakia and OSCC. Survival rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SALL4 positivity was observed to be higher (<i>P</i> = 0.001) in the tumor cells of OSCC with Immuno Reactive Score (IRS) ranging from 0 to 9. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) had paramount higher expression with a median IRS of 6. Similar IRS and above (IRS, 6-9) was observed in Stage I (five cases), which recurred and well-differentiated cases with metastasis (four cases) while in leukoplakia with dysplasia the SALL4 expression was weak with a range of 2-4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SALL4 being one of the cancer stem cell molecules plays an important role in the progression of oral cancer, which was evident in this study. This could also account for aggressive clinical behavior. Follow-up of these patients would relate this molecule could be responsible for cancer relapse. Patients diagnosed to have oral epithelial dysplasia had a low expression of SALL4, are under follow-up, although seven cases did transform to SCC. Thus, we conclude, SALL4 may be of prognostic relevance, but in oral epithelial dysplasia, it requires further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"19 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7921777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25445494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of suitable reference genes in blood samples of carcinoma lung patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"Shashi Ranjan Mani Yadav,&nbsp;Bela Goyal,&nbsp;Raman Kumar,&nbsp;Sweety Gupta,&nbsp;Amit Gupta,&nbsp;Anissa Atif Mirza,&nbsp;Gaurav Sharma,&nbsp;Shalinee Rao,&nbsp;Rajesh Pasricha,&nbsp;Manoj Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_18_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_18_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lung cancer (LC), among all other cancers, is the leading cause of death worldwide, while the third most common cancer-causing mortality in India. Several techniques of the assay for early detection of cancer that improve survival rates have been employed in tissues and cell lines. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) is one of the most common techniques employed for gene expression studies for the normalization of a target gene using a reference gene (RG). The present study used the three most common RGs: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-Actin, and 18s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (18s rRNA), which were assessed by qPCR to validate, as of which is a more effective RG in blood samples of LC patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of thirty participants with LC of non-small cell and small cell type were included along with twenty healthy controls. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was quantified, prepared for complementary deoxyribose nucleic acid synthesis, and analyzed for expression of three RG on RTqPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression levels as Ct values of studied RG were reported as mean ± standard deviation for GAPDH (26.97 ± 5.107), β-actin (20.5 ± 2.3), and 18s rRNA (25.10 ± 4.075). GAPDH showed the lowest expression, whereas β-actin showed the highest expression among the studied RG in subjects of LC. The expression of GAPDH and 18s rRNA were statistically significantly lower than β-actin (<i>p</i> < 0.0001), whereas expression levels of GAPDH and 18s rRNA were comparable. However, the expression level of only β-actin in LC patients was comparable with healthy controls with <i>P</i> < 0.1611 at 95% confidence interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is concluded that β -actin may be considered the most suitable RG isolated and studied from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using RT qPCR in LC.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"19 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7921775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25445493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Development of clinico-histopathological predictive model for the assessment of metastatic risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/1477-3163.297515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1477-3163.297515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 2 in vol. 19, PMID: 32684850.].</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"19 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7921779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25445491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kirsten rat sarcoma virus protein overexpression in adenocarcinoma lung: Association with clinicopathological and histomorphological features.","authors":"Rahul Kumar Pandey,&nbsp;Saumya Shukla,&nbsp;Rahat Hadi,&nbsp;Nuzhat Husain,&nbsp;Mohammad Hayatul Islam,&nbsp;Ashish Singhal,&nbsp;Surya Kant Tripathi,&nbsp;Rajiv Garg","doi":"10.4103/jcar.JCar_11_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcar.JCar_11_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The constitutive activation of multiple signaling pathways is the major cause of carcinogenesis.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The study evaluates the frequency of Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) protein overexpression and correlates with clinicopathological and histomorphological features in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)-adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>Tertiary hospital-based retrospective and prospective case series included 100 cases of NSCLC-adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The basic panel of Immunohistochemistry including Napsin-A, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and markers for squamous differentiation, p-40 was used in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. The KRAS monoclonal antibody (9.13, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) was used.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The IBM-Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (SPSS, International Business Machines Corporation, New York, NY, USA) analysis software, version 16 was used for all statistical calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KRAS protein expressed in 28.0% (28/100) cases. Cases were grouped as KRAS positive and negative. TTF-1 and Napsin-A were expressed in 89.25% (<i>n</i> = 25) and 92.86% (<i>n</i> = 26) cases, respectively. Stage IV clinical disease was identified in 55% of cases, and 36.84% of cases had a mean survival between 6 and 12 months. In KRAS positive group, the most common pattern of cellular arrangement was acinar/loose clusters pattern present in 64.29% (<i>n</i> = 21) and 75.0% (<i>n</i> = 18) cases followed by the solid pattern present in 42.86% of cases (<i>n</i> = 12), respectively. Necrosis was identified in 57.14% (<i>n</i> = 16) cases. Mucin pattern was present in 32.14% of cases (<i>n</i> = 9), which was significantly different when compared with the KRAS negative group (<i>P</i> = 0.036).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This finding may imply that KRAS mutations may not be entirely triggered by alterations induced by carcinogens in smoke. KRAS gene is frequently mutated in pulmonary tumors. It should be tested in NSCLC owing to its predictive and prognostic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":52464,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Carcinogenesis","volume":"19 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7921778/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25445492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}