Chronic Stress最新文献

{"title":"Temporoparietal Junction Functional Connectivity in Early Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Jacob Penner,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Osuch,&nbsp;Betsy Schaefer,&nbsp;Jean Théberge,&nbsp;Richard W J Neufeld,&nbsp;Ravi S Menon,&nbsp;Nagalingam Rajakumar,&nbsp;Peter C Williamson","doi":"10.1177/2470547018815232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018815232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) has been linked to lower-level attentional and higher-level social processing, both of which are affected in schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined resting functional connectivity of bilateral anterior and posterior TPJ in SZ and MDD to evaluate potential anomalies in each disorder and differences between disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 24 patients with SZ, 24 patients with MDD, and 24 age-matched healthy controls. We performed seed-based functional connectivity analyses with seed regions in bilateral anterior and posterior TPJ, covarying for gender and smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SZ had reduced connectivity versus controls between left anterior TPJ and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); between left posterior TPJ and middle cingulate cortex, left dorsal PFC, and right lateral PFC; between right anterior TPJ and bilateral PCC; and between right posterior TPJ and middle cingulate cortex, left posterior insula, and right insula. MDD had reduced connectivity versus controls between left posterior TPJ and right dlPFC and between right posterior TPJ and PCC and dlPFC. SZ had reduced connectivity versus MDD between right posterior TPJ and left fusiform gyrus and right superior-posterior temporal cortex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Functional connectivity to the TPJ was demonstrated to be disrupted in both SZ and MDD. However, TPJ connectivity may differ in these disorders with reduced connectivity in SZ versus MDD between TPJ and posterior brain regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018815232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018815232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37962653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Default Mode Network Maturation and Environmental Adversities During Childhood.","authors":"Keila Rebello,&nbsp;Luciana M Moura,&nbsp;Walter H L Pinaya,&nbsp;Luis A Rohde,&nbsp;João R Sato","doi":"10.1177/2470547018808295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018808295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Default mode network (DMN) plays a central role in cognition and brain disorders. It has been shown that adverse environmental conditions impact neurodevelopment, but how these conditions impact in DMN maturation is still poorly understood. This article reviews representative neuroimaging functional studies addressing the interactions between DMN development and environmental factors, focusing on early life adversities, a critical period for brain changes. Studies focused on this period of life offer a special challenge: to disentangle the neurodevelopmental connectivity changes from those related to environmental conditions. We first summarized the literature on DMN maturation, providing an overview of both typical and atypical development patterns in childhood and early adolescence. Afterward, we focused on DMN changes associated with chronic exposure to environmental adversities during childhood. This summary suggests that changes in DMN development could be a potential allostatic neural feature associated with an embodiment of environmental circumstances. Finally, we discuss about some key methodological issues that should be considered in paradigms addressing environmental adversities and open questions for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018808295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018808295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37962654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotic-Like Symptoms and the Temporal Lobe in Trauma-Related Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Assessment of Potential Malingering.","authors":"Francesca L Schiavone,&nbsp;Margaret C McKinnon,&nbsp;Ruth A Lanius","doi":"10.1177/2470547018797046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018797046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To overview the phenomenology, etiology, assessment, and treatment of psychotic-like symptoms in trauma-related disorders focusing on the proposed role of temporal lobe dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We describe the literature pertaining to (i) psychotic-like symptoms and temporal lobe dysfunction in trauma-related disorders and (ii) psychological testing profiles in trauma-related disorders. We define trauma-related disorders as borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the dissociative disorders. Our search terms were dissociative disorders, temporal lobe, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychosis, and malingering.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Trauma-related psychotic-like symptoms are common and can differ in phenomenology from primary psychotic symptoms. Hallucinations consist of auditory <i>and</i> nonauditory content that may or may not relate to traumatic content. Child voices are highly suggestive of complex dissociative disorders. Critically, not only do these symptoms resemble those seen in temporal lobe epilepsy, but the temporal lobe is implicated in trauma-related disorders, thus providing a plausible neurobiological explanation. Despite such evidence, these symptoms are frequently considered atypical and misdiagnosed. Indeed, common structured psychological assessment tools categorize these symptoms as possible indicators of invalid testing profiles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychotic-like symptoms are common in trauma-related disorders, may be related to temporal lobe dysfunction, and are frequently misinterpreted. This may lead to ineffective treatment and inappropriate determinations of malingering in the forensic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018797046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018797046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37962651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness in Relation to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories After Military Deployment.","authors":"Alieke Reijnen,&nbsp;Elbert Geuze,&nbsp;Rosalie Gorter,&nbsp;Eric Vermetten","doi":"10.1177/2470547018803511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018803511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personality traits, such as the character traits self-directedness and cooperativeness, might play a role in the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after deployment to a combat zone. However, it is unclear whether these traits are preexisting risk factors or if event-related changes might also be associated with PTSD symptoms over time. Therefore, the current aim was to assess if military deployment is associated with changes in cooperativeness and self-directedness and to study how these traits are related to PTSD symptom trajectories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a large cohort of military personnel (N = 1007), measurements were performed before, at one and six months, and two and five years after deployment to Afghanistan. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the individual change in the traits over time and to study the relation with potential predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cooperativeness was found to remain stable, whereas self-directedness was found to slightly decrease over time. This decrease was related to the development of PTSD symptoms over time. Furthermore, lower levels of self-directedness were associated with the symptomatic trajectories of PTSD symptoms. Lower levels of cooperativeness were only associated with the recovered PTSD trajectory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>So, not only do the findings confirm that lower levels of these character traits are associated with the development of PTSD symptoms, it was also shown that there are differences in the relation between these traits and the course of PTSD symptoms. Studying methods to promote the levels of these character traits might help to improve the resiliency of military personnel.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018803511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018803511","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37962649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Distress Intolerance With Salutotherapeutic Interventions: Results From a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Josephine Otto,&nbsp;Michael Linden","doi":"10.1177/2470547018800484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018800484","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Distress tolerance is the ability to pursue one's goals in the presence of (chronic) stressors, hardship, adversities and negative internal states, and psychological distress. By contrast, distress intolerance is a transdiagnostic indicator of mental illness and a mediator in coping with problems in life, work demands, or stress in general. There is a lack of data regarding intervention strategies. The objective of the present study is to test the differential effects of two treatment approaches: \"regeneration fostering\" versus \"resistance training.\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Inpatients of a psychosomatic hospital were randomly allocated to either a resistance training group therapy (<i>n</i> = 65)-that is, active coping with demands and endurance-or a regeneration fostering group therapy (<i>n</i> = 62)-that is, recovery, mindful indulgence, and creative activities. They were compared with a group of patients who received treatment as usual (<i>n</i> = 43), without special treatments for distress intolerance, and the outcome was measured with the \"Distress Intolerance Scale.\" One-way and repeated measure analyses of variance and paired <i>t</i> tests were used for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The \"regeneration\" group showed a significant improvement in distress intolerance, whereas there was no significant change for the treatment-as-usual group and in the \"resistance\" group. Post hoc tests were conducted with paired sample <i>t</i> tests for pre-post comparisons for each group. No differences were found for the treatment-as-usual group (<i>mean difference</i>: 0.03, <i>SD</i> (mean difference): 0.89; <i>t</i>(42) = 0.266, <i>p</i> = 0.792, <i>d</i> = 0.04) and for the resistance group (<i>mean difference</i>:-0.07, <i>SD</i> (mean difference): 0.73; <i>t</i>(63) = -0.736, <i>p</i> = 0.464, <i>d</i> = 0.08). The regeneration group showed a significant decline in distress intolerance (<i>mean difference</i>: 0.29, <i>SD</i> (mean difference): 0.72; <i>t</i>(61) = 3.156, <i>p</i> = 0.002, <i>d</i> = 0.38).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the treatment of distress intolerance, it seems promising to focus on positive psychology interventions and resources. Limitations of the study are that it was conducted with psychosomatic inpatients only and that no follow-up data are available.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018800484"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018800484","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37962652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Bias in Randomized Clinical Trials on Psychological Therapies for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults.","authors":"Juliana Martins Scalabrin,&nbsp;Marcelo F Mello,&nbsp;Walter Swardfager,&nbsp;Hugo Cogo-Moreira","doi":"10.1177/2470547018779066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018779066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the factorial validity and internal consistency of a measurement model underlying risk of bias as endorsed by Cochrane for use in systematic reviews; more specifically, how the risk of bias tool behaves in the context of studies on psychological therapies used for treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder in adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied confirmatory factor analysis to a systematic review containing 70 clinical trials entitled \"Psychological Therapies for Chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults\" under a Bayesian estimator. Seven observed categorical risk of bias items (answered categorically as low, unclear, or high risk of bias) were collected from the systematic review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A unidimensional model for the Cochrane risk of bias tool items returned poor fit indices and low factor loadings, indicating questionable validity and internal consistency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the present evidence is restricted to psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder, it demonstrates that the way risk of bias has been measured in this context may not be adequate. More broadly, the results suggest the importance of testing the risk of bias tool, and the possibility of rethinking the methods used to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews and meta-analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018779066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018779066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37964763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you to reviewers-2017","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11846-018-0284-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-018-0284-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11846-018-0284-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47009006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PTSD and the War of Words.","authors":"Adam M Chekroud,&nbsp;Hieronimus Loho,&nbsp;Martin Paulus,&nbsp;John H Krystal","doi":"10.1177/2470547018767387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018767387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trauma-related symptoms among veterans of military engagement have been documented at least since the time of the ancient Greeks.¹ Since the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual in 1980, this condition has been known as posttraumatic stress disorder, but the name has changed repeatedly over the past century, including shell shock, war neurosis, and soldier's heart. Using over 14 million articles in the digital archives of the <i>New York Times</i>, <i>Associated Press</i>, and <i>Reuters</i>, we quantify historical changes in trauma-related terminology over the past century. These data suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder has historically peaked in public awareness after the end of US military engagements, but denoted by a different name each time-a phenomenon that could impede clinical and scientific progress.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018767387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018767387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37962650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Longitudinal ¹H-MRS Study of the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus in Child and Adolescent Victims of Multiple Forms of Violence.","authors":"Ana Carolina Coelho Milani,&nbsp;Bernd Foerster,&nbsp;Hugo Cogo-Moreira,&nbsp;Thiago Michel de Brito Farias,&nbsp;Francisco Salido,&nbsp;Henrique Carrete,&nbsp;Marcelo Feijo Mello,&nbsp;Andrea Parolin Jackowski","doi":"10.1177/2470547018763359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018763359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The anterior cingulate gyrus is involved in the extinction of conditioned fear responses and is implicated in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. The expression of N-acetylaspartate and choline may be altered in the anterior cingulate gyri of children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study, longitudinally investigating N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine ratios in the anterior cingulate gyri of children and adolescents, aged from 8 to 12 years, who had been exposed to various forms of violence or were non-trauma control. Based on baseline posttraumatic stress symptoms (\"sub-clinical\"), participants were divided into two groups: posttraumatic stress (n = 19) and control (n = 19). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans were repeated a year later in trauma exposed participants. Trauma assessments included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between follow-up anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire scores in posttraumatic stress (r = -0.62, p = 0.01) but not control group (r = 0.16, p = 0.66). However, we found no significant differences in anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine or choline/creatine between posttraumatic stress and control. In addition, there were no significant effects of time, group, or time-by-group interactions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this pediatric population, anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine and choline/creatine were not affected by posttraumatic stress and on average these metabolites remained stable over time. However, the study provided intriguing preliminary evidence revealing that participants suffering from posttraumatic stress at baseline have shown, a year later, reduced anterior cingulate gyrus N-acetylaspartate/creatine among those with high trauma severity. This pilot evidence warrants replication in future studies to confirm these findings and to determine the longitudinal effects and interactions between childhood posttraumatic stress and trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":"2470547018763359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018763359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37964761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Possible Link Between HCN Channels and Depression.","authors":"Chung Sub Kim,&nbsp;Daniel Johnston","doi":"10.1177/2470547018787781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547018787781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Growing evidence suggests a possible link between hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated nonselective cation (HCN) channels and depression. In a recent study published in <i>Molecular Psychiatry</i>, we first demonstrate that <i>I</i> _h (the membrane current mediated by HCN channels) and HCN1 protein expression were increased in dorsal, but not in ventral, CA1 region following chronic, but not acute stress. This upregulation of <i>I</i> _h was restricted to the perisomatic region of CA1 neurons and contributed to a reduction of neuronal excitability. A reduction of HCN1 protein expression in dorsal CA1 region before the onset of chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression was sufficient to provide resilient effects to chronic unpredictable stress. Furthermore, in vivo block of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pumps, a manipulation known to increase intracellular calcium levels and upregulate <i>I</i> _h, produced anxiogenic-like behavior and an increase in <i>I</i> _h, similar to that observed in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression. Here, we share our view on (1) how the function and expression of HCN1 channels are changed in the brain in a subcellular region-specific manner during the development of depression and (2) how a reduction of HCN1 protein expression provides resilience to chronic stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":52315,"journal":{"name":"Chronic Stress","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2470547018787781","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36528862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}