{"title":"Investigation and optimization of machining parameters in Micro-WEDM of SMA to enhance performance","authors":"Rakesh R. Kolhapure , Duradundi S. Badkar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti–Ni Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are extensively used in biomedical applications due to their superior biocompatibility and mechanical properties over traditional biomaterial SS316L and Ti alloys. However, achieving high precision and surface integrity during machining remains a significant challenge. This study focuses on optimizing the Micro-Wire Electric Discharge Machining (μ-WEDM) parameters to enhance the machining efficiency and surface quality of Ti–Ni SMAs. An L27 orthogonal array (OA) and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were applied to optimize multiple machining responses, including Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (SR), Dimensional Deviation (DD), and Kerf Width (KW) by using Voltage (V), Capacitance (C), and Wire feed (WF) as process parameters. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluate the contribution of each parameter. The results indicate that ‘C’ significantly influences MRR (78.40 %), DD (50.98 %), and KW (36.64 %), while ‘V’ has the highest impact on SR (57.62 %). The optimal parameter combination (105 V, 6 nF, 1 mm/min) improved machining efficiency by 2.79 % (GRG) increased from 0.6898 to 0.7091, minimized surface defects, and enhanced dimensional accuracy. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that optimized μ-WEDM parameters minimized surface defects, refined textures, and reduced micro-cracks, enhancing surface integrity also minimizing recast layer results in dimensional accuracy. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis verified minimal contamination, ensuring biocompatibility, making μ-WEDM ideal for high-precision biomedical applications. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the environmental sustainability of μ-WEDM, highlighting its reduced material waste and lower energy consumption compared to traditional machining methods. By integrating robust statistical analysis and process control, the study offers new insights into achieving good surface quality and performance in medical field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 537-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babak Houshmand, Seyed Mohsen Safavi, Mehdi Karevan
{"title":"Evaluation of mechanical and thermal properties of UV-curable resin-SiC composites for enhanced performance in abrasive applications","authors":"Babak Houshmand, Seyed Mohsen Safavi, Mehdi Karevan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the mechanical and thermal properties of a novel composite material designed for applications in the finishing industry, particularly in abrasive tools such as grinding wheels. The composite comprises a UV-curable ABS-like resin, silicon carbide (SiC) grains with an average particle size of 150 μm, and fumed silica utilized as an anti-settling agent. The choice of ABS-like resin is motivated by its elasticity, which enhances impact resistance while minimizing thermal effects during usage. Fabrication of this composite material was achieved through stereolithography-based 3D printing technology, allowing for precise control over material properties and geometrical configurations.</div><div>Standard test specimens were produced and subjected to a comprehensive series of evaluations, including tensile strength, compression, Charpy impact, hardness, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), and wear tests, following ASTM standards. The results from these tests were analyzed to gain insight into the performance characteristics and applicability of this novel composite in demanding environments.</div><div>To further explore the capabilities of the discussed composite, two grinding tool samples were designed and manufactured. A comparison of grinding performance between the T100 tool, a structured tool, and the Simple Tool, a non-structured tool has been discussed. The analysis focuses on their efficiency when grinding Aluminum T6 and MO40 steel, examining critical performance parameters such as cutting forces, surface roughness, tool wear, force-damping behavior, and the impact of the elastic ABS-like resin used in these tools. This study provides valuable information for the implementation of such composites in the finishing industry, highlighting their potential advantages in abrasive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 562-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Markos Petousis , Nikolaos Michailidis , Václav Kulas , Vassilis Papadakis , Mariza Spiridaki , Nikolaos Mountakis , Apostolos Argyros , John Valsamos , Nektarios K. Nasikas , Nectarios Vidakis
{"title":"Sustainability-driven additive manufacturing: Implementation and content optimization of fine powder recycled glass in polylactic acid for material extrusion 3D printing","authors":"Markos Petousis , Nikolaos Michailidis , Václav Kulas , Vassilis Papadakis , Mariza Spiridaki , Nikolaos Mountakis , Apostolos Argyros , John Valsamos , Nektarios K. Nasikas , Nectarios Vidakis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aimed to evaluate the capacity of recycled fine powder glass (RFPG) to reinforce the mechanical performance and characteristics of polylactic acid (PLA) for use in 3D printing (3DP) applications. Six composites with an RFPG filler quantity of 2.0 wt % −12.0 wt % (with a 2.0 step) were evaluated. The raw materials were turned into mixtures, which then fabricated respective filaments. The filaments were inspected and tested for their properties before being utilized to produce the specimens for testing with 3DP. The structures, morphologies, and mechanical properties of the specimens were examined by performing respective tests, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Moreover, the samples were tested for their thermal properties through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, and for their rheological performance. Quality metrics were evaluated with μ-CT (porosity and dimensional accuracy). The findings indicated that RFPG as a filler reinforced the PLA matrix, in the case of 6.0 wt % (23.6 % and 28.7 % strength enhancement in the flexural and tensile tests respectively). The thermal properties were insignificantly changed with a small increase in the crystallization temperature, while the viscosity was significantly lowered with the increase of the powder content in the compounds. The quality metrics were enhanced as well, making this specific RFPG grade a promising filler for the PLA matrix in 3D printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 595-610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Machine learning in additive manufacturing: A comprehensive insight","authors":"Md Asif Equbal , Azhar Equbal , Zahid A. Khan , Irfan Anjum Badruddin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technological advancement gaining colossal popularity due to its advantages and simplified fabrication. AM facilitates the manufacturing of complex, light, and strong products from digitized designs. With recent advancements, AM can bring digital flexibility and improved efficiency to industrial operations. Despite the various advantages, there is continuous variation in the qualities of AM products, which remains the main challenge in the wide application of AM. The performance of printed parts is directly influenced by processing parameters, and adjusting the parameters in the AM process can be quite challenging. The barrier can be minimized by proper monitoring of the AM process and precise measurement of AM materials and components, which is difficult to achieve through analytical and numerical models. Current research demonstrates machine learning (ML) and its techniques as a novel way to reduce costs. It also helps achieve optimal process design and part quality using the fundamentals of the AM process. ML is a subcategory of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables systems to learn and improve from measured data and past experiences. The present paper is focused on presenting a broad understanding of the current applications of ML in AM and thus provides a solid background for practitioners and researchers to apply ML in AM. Very few earlier reviews were presented before, but their studies mostly focus on artificial neural network technology and other irrelevant papers. In addition, most papers were published in 2021 and 2022 and were not discussed in earlier reviews. This state-of-the-art review is based on the latest database collected from Web of Science (WoS), Publons, Scopus, and Google Scholar using machine learning and additive manufacturing as the keywords. Extensive information collected on the possible applications of ML in AM shows that ML can be effectively applied to improve AM part quality and process reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 264-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collier Fais , Isaiah Yasko , Muhammad Ali , Rick Walker , Joe Walker
{"title":"Experimental performance evaluation of a lightweight additively manufactured hydrodynamic thrust bearing","authors":"Collier Fais , Isaiah Yasko , Muhammad Ali , Rick Walker , Joe Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a lightweight additively manufactured (AM) fixed geometry hydrodynamic thrust bearing fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is experimentally compared to a traditionally manufactured cast aluminum alloy thrust bearing of similar design. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how weight-saving design features in the AM bearing affect active critical hydrodynamic performance parameters to better understand in-service viability. Under various static operating conditions, performance parameters such as hydrodynamic pressure distribution, minimum oil film thickness (MOFT), bearing temperature and increase in oil temperature are measured. Compared to the traditionally manufactured bearing, the AM bearing showed an average increase in minimum oil film thickness of 53 %, an average increase in trailing edge hydrodynamic pressure of 116 %, while exhibiting an average decrease in bearing temperature of 1 %. Experimental results are compared to numerical simulation showing reasonably good agreement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 285-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ibrahim Sabry , Omar Awayssa , Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad , Majid Naseri , Ahmed Hewidy
{"title":"Enhancement of the mechanical characteristics for Inconel 700 alloy using friction stir welding with a unique tool shape","authors":"Ibrahim Sabry , Omar Awayssa , Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad , Majid Naseri , Ahmed Hewidy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the first time, a systematic study of the influence of tool geometry on the friction stir welding (FSW) process of Inconel 700 through response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling purposes was investigated. The tool design implemented two distinct pin probe geometries: a threaded pin with three intermittent flat faces (D1) and a fully threaded cylindrical pin (D2). The present study primarily examines the effects of these varying pin geometries on FSW performance in Inconel 700 joints. Additionally, experimental analyses, i.e., Vickers hardness number (VHN), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and surface roughness (SR), were conducted to evaluate key mechanical properties. The response surface methodology (RSM) was evaluated as a suitable approach for determining the weld properties, with mathematical models achieving confidence levels of 93 % and 98 % for the D1 and D2 tool configurations, respectively. Meanwhile, the D1 pin geometry produced superior mechanical properties, i.e., UTS from 630 to 662 MPa, VHN from 93 to 110 HV, and improved surface finish compared to the D2 configuration, highlighting the design's effectiveness in enhancing FSW joint quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 415-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Viswanath , M. Khalil , M.K.A. Khan , W.J. Cantwell , K.A. Khan
{"title":"Hierarchical cubic lattice structures with bending- and stretching-dominated cellular designs for enhanced buckling resistance","authors":"A. Viswanath , M. Khalil , M.K.A. Khan , W.J. Cantwell , K.A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buckling is a common failure mode in low-density strut lattices, limiting their mechanical strength and stability. This work presents a novel methodology to design and manufacture lightweight, buckling-resistant strut-based lattice structures by reinforcing buckling-prone members with hierarchical lattice unit cells—either stretching- or bending-dominated—without changing the strut lattice's relative density. Four types of lattice unit cells were examined: plate, honeycomb, strut, and TPMS solids and sheets. These were tested on single-cell cubic lattice columns with square cross-sectional struts. The resulting hierarchical structures were additively manufactured and experimentally evaluated, demonstrating significantly enhanced buckling performance. Design for additive manufacturing principles were applied, and structures with stretching and bending-dominated unit cells achieved higher critical buckling loads, with the square honeycomb cell lattice showing the highest improvement at 179 % over the baseline. This approach broadens opportunities for enhancing low-density strut lattices and developing novel buckling-resistant designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 310-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radhika Mandala , B. Anjaneya Prasad , Suresh Akella
{"title":"Enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D-Printed polylactic acid through pellet additive manufacturing: A grey relational analysis based on entropy weights","authors":"Radhika Mandala , B. Anjaneya Prasad , Suresh Akella","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most prevalent and extensively employed additive manufacturing (AM) approach method is fused deposition modeling (FDM), which uses filament as feedstock. Pellet additive manufacturing (PAM) is an emerging technique within the field of FDM that utilizes thermoplastic pellets as the feedstock considering their greater ease of production compared to filaments. The PAM technique enables the production of intricate components with high dimensional precision and cost efficiency by eliminating the need to transform pellets into filaments. The discreet choice of printing parameters greatly influences the performance of 3D-printed objects. This work underscores the significance of printing parameters on mechanical performance measures, tensile, flexure, and hardness characteristics by utilizing a multi-objective optimization technique. It is a combination of the Taguchi, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and entropy-based grey relational analysis (EGRA). A Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is employed, with infill pattern, raster angle, and layer height as the control variables, while tensile and flexural strengths, and hardness serve as the output responses. The findings demonstrated that the optimum outcomes were achieved for the gyroid infill pattern at 45° orientation and 0.25 mm layer height. Enforcing EGRA in multi-objective optimization has resulted in an improvement of 3.3 % in the grey relational grade when compared to the initial parameter configurations. Hence, EGRA proves to be an effective potential tool for the optimization process in PAM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinlong Zhang, Jiang Xiao, Xiaodong Xie, Zhaosong Jiang, Xueyan Liu
{"title":"Bending-hydraulic forming stainless steel thin-walled tube fittings wall thickness distribution law research","authors":"Xinlong Zhang, Jiang Xiao, Xiaodong Xie, Zhaosong Jiang, Xueyan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A study was conducted to examine the distribution of wall thickness in stainless steel thin-walled tube fittings during the forming process. The research included simulation and experimental analyses of the bending and hydroforming processes of these fittings used in a passenger car. The goal was to analyze how process parameters affect the distribution of wall thickness. Auto Form software was utilized to simulate the bending process and investigate the impact of relative bending radius (Relative bending radius for the tube fittings bending neutral layer of the ratio of the radius and diameter of the tube) on the wall thickness distribution. Subsequently, hydroforming simulations were performed under varying internal pressure loading conditions. The findings revealed that as the relative bending radius increased, both the maximum thinning rate and maximum thickening rate of the tube fittings gradually decreased. Based on the simulation outcomes, the optimal bending process parameters were determined to be a 62 mm initial tube diameter and a 95 mm bending radius. Through finite element simulations of hydroforming, internal pressures of 30 MPa, 40 MPa, and 50 MPa were compared, with 40 MPa identified as the optimal pressure for forming. The thin-walled tube fittings were then manufactured based on the optimal parameters obtained from the simulation, which were validated through experimentation. The experimental results closely matched the simulation results, with a maximum error margin of 2.27 %. The final formed parts met all requirements without any failures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 402-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nondestructive test for quality control in laboratory-scale fabrication of laminated composites using programmable portable ultrasonic","authors":"Yusuf Giri Wijaya , Suprijanto , Damar Rastri Adhika , Rhakamerta Hijazi , Abian Nurrohmad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laminated composites are the most frequently used component materials in manufacturing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in research centers or start-up industries. On a laboratory scale, laminated composites are fabricated by relying on technicians' skills due to the involvement of manual processes. Nondestructive testing (NDT) is needed to guarantee the structural integrity of the final product of laminated composites. The work proposes a programmable portable ultrasonic for nondestructive testing (NDT) to detect a potential defect due to foreign object contamination of fabrication layers of laminate composite. The proposed programmable NDT system is built using open-board devices; therefore, it could be developed cost-effectively compared to a commercial NDT system. The proposed NDT can measure and analyze a pattern of A-scan signal as a function of foreign object contamination material. Based on a C-scan image, the proposed NDT system could also be programmed to detect the size area of potential defects due to foreign object contamination. Two types of specimens, carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP), were tested to evaluate the performance of the developed NDT system. Testing aims to identify artificial defects intentionally placed within these specimens. The proposed portable ultrasonic NDT effectively detects CFRP and GFRP defects on A-mode and C-scan images. Therefore, the proposed portable ultrasonic NDT is an affordable system that can be developed in a laboratory workshop for quality control in laboratory-scale fabrication of laminated composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 623-636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}