International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture最新文献

{"title":"The experimental and numerical results of a spinning/whirling composite thick-beam of glass fibers reinforced with CNR based on SSDT and neutral axis with electric field","authors":"Fatemeh Bargozini,&nbsp;Mehdi Mohammadimehr","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.05.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines a spinning/whirling vibration for a thick composite beam, including one hundred layers of glass fibers, epoxy resin, and carbon nanorods (CNRs). The CNR used in the present investigation was synthesized using recycled materials (potato peel) and hydrothermal methods. The impact of CNR on the vibrations is analyzed using numerical and experimental evidence. Experimental results show that by adding 0.32 % CNRs, the natural frequency increases by 46.6 %. The equations are formulated based on the sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory and the neutral axis. Then, the equations are solved using the Ritz method. The study examines the impact of different parameters, including rotational speeds, axial force, Young's modulus of the resin epoxy and glass fibers, aspect ratio, temperature change, volume fraction of CNR, and thickness on Campbell diagrams for the composite beam with and without CNR as reinforcement. Gyroscopic effects of the composite beam caused by the rotation of this beam around the y and x-axis are investigated. The Campbell diagrams, which are based on the rotational speed of the thick structure, reveal that higher temperatures lead to a decrease in natural frequency. Conversely, raising Young's modulus increases the natural frequency because increasing the stiffness of composite beam. By enhancing volume fraction of CNR, the damped and undamped natural frequency increases. Augmenting the velocity of the structure diminishes the natural frequency. The angular velocity along the y-axis exerts a more significant impact. The traction force significantly enhances the natural frequency of the rotating structure. The findings indicate that CNR is an economical and eco-friendly substitute for nanotubes. This amplifier is used in several sectors, including aviation, terrestrial, and maritime transportation, as well as in rotating turbines, rotating structures, and rotary drilling machinery. Also, the comparison of different theories shows that the effect of SSDT on the natural frequency is lower than that of the other theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 669-680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of bobbin tool and one-step double-acting tool in friction stir welding of aluminum AA1100","authors":"Yudha Eko Widyantono ,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Uematsu ,&nbsp;Ilhamdi ,&nbsp;Sulardjaka ,&nbsp;Jos Istiyanto ,&nbsp;Muizuddin Azka ,&nbsp;Nurul Muhayat ,&nbsp;Triyono","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum's lightweight nature and corrosion resistance make it a preferred material across various industries, including marine, automotive, railway, and aerospace sectors. However, traditional fusion welding of aluminum often leads to significant defects such as porosity and distortion. Friction Stir Welding (FSW), a solid-state welding technique, addresses many of these challenges but has limitations when welding thick plates, which can be alleviated through the use of a bobbin tool. This study presents a comparative analysis of a novel one-step double-acting tool, which operates dual tools simultaneously on both surfaces of the workpiece, against the bobbin tool. Aluminum AA1100 sheets measuring 200 × 240 mm and 8 mm thick were welded using both methods under standardized parameters: a tool rotation speed of 1500 rpm, a plunge depth of 0.2 mm, a travel speed of 25 mm/min, and a tilt angle of 2°. By varying the offset of the one-step double-acting tool between 0 mm and 2 mm, the impact on bead appearance and mechanical properties was assessed. Results indicated that the bobbin tool produced rougher beads and tear defects due to its design, while the one-step double-acting tool, particularly at a 2 mm offset, yielded cleaner, more uniform welds with fewer defects and enhanced material control. Microstructural analysis showed that the stir zone exhibited uniform grain refinement, and the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) benefited from finer grain structures due to improved heat management. Hardness testing revealed a characteristic W-shaped distribution, and tensile strength evaluations demonstrated the superior joint quality of the 2 mm offset, outperforming the bobbin tool in tensile strength and defect reduction. Although the bobbin tool showed slightly higher average strength in bending tests, the one-step double-acting tool proved to be more consistent and reliable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 577-594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of ultrasonic assisted face turning with CO2 cooling on cutting forces, residual stress, and surface quality","authors":"Matin Mirzabagherian,&nbsp;Saeid Amini,&nbsp;Masuod Bayat","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasonic assisted turning (UAT) has emerged in recent years as an advanced machining technique, leveraging high-frequency harmonic vibrations at the tool edge to enhance cutting performance. In this study, ultrasonic assisted face turn (UAFT) was employed to machine steel 1.7225 under various cutting conditions. Experiments were conducted at three spindle speeds, three feed rates, and under two cooling states: dry and cooling using CO₂ gas. All tests were performed in the UAFT mode. Machining forces were recorded using a dynamometer, and surface integrity was assessed through high-resolution imaging using a video measuring machine (VMM). Additionally, the influence of UAFT on the tensile residual stresses was thoroughly investigated. Tensile residual stresses, which can significantly affect the mechanical performance and service life of components, were analyzed as a critical output parameter alongside cutting forces and surface quality. The integration of ultrasonic vibrations with CO₂ cooling demonstrated a notable enhancement in process performance. Results indicated a reduction in cutting force by approximately 28.3 % and a decrease in tensile residual stress by nearly 35 % when using UAFT + CO₂ compared to UAFT + dry conditions. Furthermore, improved surface morphology and more favorable chip formation were observed under UAFT + CO₂ conditions, highlighting the synergistic benefits of combining ultrasonic assistance with CO₂ cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages 551-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser powder bed fusion of AlN and ZrN reinforced AlSi10Mg matrix composites: Effect of wettability and volume fraction on microstructure and mechanical properties","authors":"V.S. Suvorova ,&nbsp;L.V. Fedorenko ,&nbsp;S.N. Zhevnenko ,&nbsp;B.O. Zotov ,&nbsp;V.Yu. Egorov ,&nbsp;D.D. Zherebtsov ,&nbsp;D.S. Suvorov ,&nbsp;B.B. Khaydarov ,&nbsp;K.Yu. Kotyakova ,&nbsp;A.A. Nepapushev ,&nbsp;I.A. Kovalev ,&nbsp;D.O. Moskovskikh ,&nbsp;S.V. Chernyshikhin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technique was employed to obtain AlN- and ZrN-reinforced AlSi10Mg composites (De Brouckère diameter D[4,3] equals ∼2 μm). The wettability of AlN and ZrN by pure Al and AlSi10Mg melts was investigated, and the phase composition and microstructure of the bulk composites, as well as the hardness and tensile strength, were studied. The impact of wetting on the mechanical properties was also analyzed. The experimental results indicated that ZrN forms a strong interphase bond with Al as a result of reactive wetting. Due to the in-situ reaction, intermetallic inclusions of Zr(Al,Si)₃ were formed, which further strengthened the matrix. Accordingly, small amounts of ZrN (up to 1 vol%) increase the microhardness of AlSi10Mg from 108 to 126 HV_0.1 and the tensile strength from 410 to 448 MPa. In turn, insufficient inert wetting due to the short contact time of the melt during the LPBF process leads to the formation of gaps at the Al/AlN interphase boundary. This phenomenon, as well as the uneven coarsening of Si, results in a decrease in the strength of AlSi10Mg and an insignificant increase in microhardness regardless of the volume fraction of AlN. The obtained results contribute to the understanding of the role of wetting in LPBFed aluminum matrix composites, and also establish the foundation for further experimental and fundamental research in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 469-482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning-based applications in metal additive manufacturing processes: Challenges and opportunities–A review","authors":"Tuğrul Özel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In metal additive manufacturing (AM), parts often exhibit quality variations, defects, intricate surface topography, and anisotropic properties influenced by factors such as process parameters, energy and fusion interactions, and material physics. These complexities make metal-AM processes challenging to manage consistently, leading to unacceptable levels of inconsistency. To address these issues and predict quality, in-situ process sensing and monitoring as well as post-process measurements are commonly employed, aiming to enhance process understanding, control, and reliability. This review paper surveys literature on deep learning (DL) methods used in AM processes, discussing current research challenges and future directions. The ultimate objective is to develop intelligent AM systems capable of using real-time process data for automated control decisions and interventions, advancing towards more reliable defect-free manufacturing outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 453-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical discharge machining: Recent advances and future trends in modeling, optimization, and sustainability","authors":"Muhamad Taufik Ulhakim ,&nbsp;Sukarman ,&nbsp;Khoirudin ,&nbsp;Dodi Mulyadi ,&nbsp;Hendri Susilo ,&nbsp;Rohman ,&nbsp;Muji Setiyo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) has experienced significant advancements in modeling, optimization, and sustainability, reflecting the growing demand for intelligent and environmentally friendly manufacturing practices. Advanced modeling techniques, such as finite element analysis (FEA) and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven simulations, have improved the accuracy of process predictions, enabling real-time adjustments and precise control of machining parameters. Optimization approaches, including machine learning-based algorithms, multi-objective optimization, and hybrid methods, have enhanced key performance indicators, such as material removal rate (MRR), surface quality, and tool wear, thereby increasing process efficiency and reducing machining time. The incorporation of AI and machine learning is crucial for addressing EDM challenges and driving future development. Moreover, sustainability has become a key area of emphasis in EDM research, with recent advancements focusing on energy-saving discharge techniques, eco-friendly dielectric fluids, and sustainable waste management practices. The progress made is in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ensuring that EDM contributes to advanced manufacturing while minimizing environmental impact. Future studies should focus on the effects of AI-driven approaches on environmentally friendly EDM practices by prioritizing green dielectrics, energy-efficient machining, and waste reduction strategies. This review highlights the interconnected roles of modeling, optimization, and sustainability in advancing EDM and outlines key research directions to address the remaining challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 495-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additively manufactured injection mould tooling incorporating gradient density lattice structures for mass and energy reduction","authors":"Rokas Šakalys ,&nbsp;Christopher O'Hara ,&nbsp;Mandana Kariminejad ,&nbsp;Albert Weinert ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Kadivar ,&nbsp;Bruno Zluhan ,&nbsp;Karl Costello ,&nbsp;Marion McAfee ,&nbsp;Gerard McGranaghan ,&nbsp;Ramesh Raghavendra ,&nbsp;David Tormey","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The benefits of reducing the mass of injection moulding (IM) tooling include opportunities to also reduce material and energy consumption of the Additive Manufacturing L-PBF (Laser Powder Bed Fusion) processes, leading to lower overall costs for the IM setup. This provides a competitive advantage and reduces the environmental impact of the tool-making process in comparison to manufacturing heavier IM tooling. Mass reduction of tooling by using complex internal geometries like lattice structures, which are impossible to achieve using subtractive fabrication approaches, can be easily implemented through additive manufacturing (AM). Therefore, this research exploits the combination of lattice structure design and AM to make functional IM tooling. A tooling design with solid infill was initially modified with a lattice structure of uniform strut thickness, and then Finite Element (FE) Structural Analysis was performed to estimate the stress field typical of an injection mould cycle. Based on these results, a field-driven approach was further applied to alter the lattice structure into a variable gradient strut thickness lattice, aiming for an additional mass reduction. The tooling was additively manufactured using L-PBF technology and successfully applied in the IM process. Mass reductions of 21.86 and 23.95 % were achieved for moving and fixed halves respectively; this corresponds to laser energy savings of 11.06 and 13.44 %. The tooling demonstrated complete functionality during the industrial IM process producing parts within the design specification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 522-536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element analysis and experimental whiffletree testing of a small UAV composite wing","authors":"Aryandi Marta ,&nbsp;Fajar Ari Wandono ,&nbsp;Abian Nurrohmad ,&nbsp;Riki Ardiansyah ,&nbsp;Ilham Bagus Wiranto ,&nbsp;Iqbal Reza Alfikri ,&nbsp;Aditya Rio Prabowo ,&nbsp;Gesang Nugroho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive investigation of the structural performance of a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) composite wing, integrating finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental whiffletree testing. The study focuses on a pusher-type UAV with a 2.9-m wingspan and 21 kg maximum takeoff weight. The distributed load from the Schrenk's method was converted into multiple point loads for whiffletree load by using the cantilever beam approach. When subjected to load within the limit load, the observed failure at the upper skin wing near the wing-body joint also complied with the failure results according to the finite element analysis with the Tsai-Wu failure index of 1. Conversely, the deflection comparison between the finite element analysis using whiffletree loads and the actual whiffletree testing showed good agreement, with maximum deflection values of 122 mm and 120 mm, respectively. With a difference of 1.67 % in maximum deflection, the study validates the wing's structural integrity up to the design limit load and identifies failure modes within this limit. This aircraft structure can withstand load factor up to 2.8, making it safe for standard maneuvers during flight operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 483-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-Printed recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sandwich structures – Influence of infill design and density on tensile, dynamic mechanical, and creep response","authors":"Ans Al Rashid,&nbsp;Muammer Koç","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Repurposing plastic waste is crucial to cope with the global population and rapid industrialization. Most plastic waste generated worldwide is mismanaged, leading to plastic pollution, landfill congestion, and microplastic contamination. Circular economy practices in the sustainable production and consumption of plastic are urgently needed to address these challenges, bringing plastics into closed-loop manufacturing and utilization. Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) have the potential to complement these efforts by facilitating on-demand, decentralized and flexible manufacturing using recycled plastics. In pursuit of circular materials for 3DP, this study investigates the influence of infill design and density on tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of 3D-printed recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) sandwich structures. rPET filaments were produced using waste plastic bottles and were used for the 3DP process to produce sandwich structure coupons. In the first phase, the rPET filaments were tested for their mechanical properties revealing an average tensile strength of 111.99 MPa, failure strain of 1.20, and Young's modulus of 199.61 MPa, followed by the 3DP of tensile testing coupons with varying infill patterns (grid, tri-hexagon, octet, concentric, gyroid, and solid) and infill densities (25%, 50%, and 75%). The 3D-printed sandwich structures were evaluated for their dimensional stability and mechanical properties. All patterns demonstrated good dimensional stability, with minor variations from the CAD model. The mechanical properties of the concentric pattern at 50% infill (C50) stand out as the best among all infill types and patterns, exhibiting an average tensile strength of 34.65 MPa, failure strain of 0.067, Young's modulus of 464.32 MPa, and strength-to-weight ratio of 8.56 (S/W). In the final phase, the optimal infill pattern and density (i.e., C50) were also tested for their dynamic mechanical properties. The outcomes of this study will assist future research in developing robust 3D-printed parts using rPET, and the comprehensive approach presented in this study can be further adapted to develop novel recycled plastic waste-based composites for broader applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 442-452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced performance of epoxy composites: A study on Walikukun-glass fiber hybrid reinforcement for automotive applications","authors":"Andoko Andoko ,&nbsp;Femiana Gapsari ,&nbsp;Afifah Harmayanti ,&nbsp;Abdul M. Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Riduwan Prasetya ,&nbsp;Nursyahbani Putri ,&nbsp;Mohammad Sukri Mustapa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijlmm.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for sustainable, lightweight, and high-performance materials in the automotive industry necessitates innovative hybrid composite solutions. This study addresses the limitations of natural fibers like Walikukun (WF) in achieving high mechanical and thermal properties by hybridizing them with glass fibers (GF) in epoxy composites. Using a hot press technique, hybrid composites with varying WF and GF ratios were fabricated and evaluated for density, tensile strength, flexural properties, and thermal stability. The results revealed that the hybrid composite with 20 % WF and 10 % GF (W20G10) configuration achieved superior performance, with the highest flexural strength (96.11 ± 22.79 MPa), notable tensile strength (132.81 ± 30.73 MPa), and excellent thermal stability at 248.07 °C initial degradation temperature. Morphological analysis further confirmed improved fiber-matrix adhesion and effective stress distribution in W20G10 composites. This research contributes to the development of hybrid composites, offering valuable insights into optimizing material properties for advanced automotive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52306,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 431-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}