Fungal Biology and Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"What makes a mycoparasite? Candidate effectors from fungi that parasitize other fungi exhibit structural homology to those of fungal plant pathogens.","authors":"Alexandros G Sotiropoulos, Matthias Heuberger, Thomas Wicker, Levente Kiss","doi":"10.1186/s40694-026-00211-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-026-00211-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungi that feed and thrive on other living fungi and damage those through specific adaptations to this lifestyle are known as mycoparasites. Despite its ecological significance and practical applications in crop protection, this type of parasitism is still poorly understood. Here, we hypothesize that aggressive fungal-fungal parasitic interactions are similar to those between plants and their fungal pathogens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We tested this hypothesis in two ways. First, we analyzed the genetic signatures of the mycoparasitic nutrition mode through the predicted Carbohydrate-Active enZYme (CAZyme) profiles of more than 50 fungi with high-quality reference genomes across the Fungal Kingdom, including mycoparasites and their close relatives. Two predicted CAZyme families, AA3-2 and AA9, appeared to be associated with mycoparasitism. Second, we searched for candidate effectors in protein datasets of three specialist mycoparasites and closely related fungi. Based on the tertiary structures of selected proteins predicted by AlphaFold, we identified protein clusters. Surprisingly, several tertiary structures predicted in three, phylogenetically diverse mycoparasites were homologous to well-studied candidate effectors in a model plant pathogen. One of these protein clusters belonged to the AA9 CAZyme family.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results supported our hypothesis and may represent the first steps towards a unified molecular concept to understand mycoparasitism as a specific nutrition mode guided by candidate effectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13188720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147984308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamate dehydrogenases in fungi: From biology to biotechnology.","authors":"Ejaj K Pathan, Himal Sapkota, Subrata Dasgupta, Narayan S Punekar","doi":"10.1186/s40694-026-00212-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-026-00212-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glutamate dehydrogenases (GDH; EC 1.4.1.2 and EC 1.4.1.4) play a pivotal role in fungal nitrogen metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of 2-ketoglutarate to L-glutamate. In fungi, NAD- as well as NADP-dependent GDHs function at the interface of ammonia assimilation and glutamate catabolism, contributing to growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis. The evolution of fungi to adapt and occupy various ecological niches is closely aligned to the diversity of regulations of the functions of GDHs, their localisation and biochemical characteristics. This review explores the biochemical, molecular, and structural studies on fungal GDHs, emphasizing their catalytic diversity, coenzyme specificity, and regulatory mechanisms, including phosphorylation, thiol modulation, and allosteric control. Structural elucidations of NADP-GDHs from Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Candida albicans provide new insights into cofactor binding, substrate recognition, and inhibitor interactions. Molecular analyses reveal distinct evolutionary trajectories for NAD- and NADP-GDHs across fungal taxa, with GDH-mediated transitions linked to morphogenetic processes such as the yeast-to-hypha (Y-H) switch, highlighting GDHs as promising antifungal drug targets. The comprehensive survey of fungal GDHs presented here emphasises their biochemical versatility, evolutionary significance, and translational potential in agriculture, biosensor development and in industry. The review also highlights gaps in our understanding of fungal GDHs and potential areas for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13179614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147960551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scalable PDMS extraction method for profiling fungal volatile compounds.","authors":"Rashaduz Zaman, Isaac Peetoom Heida, Heather T K Anderson, Guncha Ishangulyyeva, Nadir Erbilgin, James F Cahill","doi":"10.1186/s40694-026-00213-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-026-00213-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal volatile organic compounds (FVOCs) play key roles in fungal ecology, physiology, and biotechnological applications, but inconsistent sampling and analytical methods limit biological interpretation and cross-study comparability, underscoring the need for a standardized, validated workflow.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We developed and validated a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based volatilomics workflow and evaluated its performance across key methodological dimensions, including solvent extraction bias, static versus dynamic sampling, sorbent reuse, temporal emission resolution, and discrimination of physiological states. Solvent choice (dichloromethane vs. diethyl ether) influenced the quantitative recovery of individual compounds but did not affect the overall FVOC composition detected. Static PDMS and dynamic push-pull sampling produced distinct yet complementary volatilome profiles, with method-specific enrichment across compound classes. Reconditioned PDMS tubing performed equivalently to fresh tubing across repeated deployments, with no detectable decline in compound recovery and multivariate structure. Sequential 96-h sampling captured clear temporal emission patterns in both Trichoderma atroviride and Grosmannia clavigera, revealing species-specific emission trajectories consistent with metabolic stages. Application of the optimized workflow further distinguished T. atroviride morphotypes (white vs. green), which maintained distinct volatile profiles over time and exhibited morphotype-specific emission dynamics in key compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PDMS-based workflow presented here provides a robust and reproducible framework for FVOC analysis, effectively addressing methodological biases, resolving temporal emission dynamics, and discriminating among physiological states. Standardizing PDMS sampling and extraction substantially enhance the biological interpretability and comparability of FVOC data, enabling broader and more reliable applications in fungal ecology, physiology, and biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147876547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A centralized database for the genus Monascus: biology, metabolites, and metabolic regulation strategies.","authors":"Qi Yang, Xuejie Wang, Jie Dong, Qinlu Lin, Bo Zhou, Jun Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40694-026-00209-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-026-00209-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monascus spp. are highly valuable microbial resources with extensive applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. In the food industry, it is often used to impart unique colors and flavors to various food products via fermentation. In the pharmaceutical field, Monascus-fermented substrate is utilized in formulating natural medicines, which exhibit beneficial properties such as lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. However, a critical gap exists: there is currently no dedicated database for the diverse species of Monascus and its secondary metabolites. To address this, this research aims to construct a comprehensive Monascus database that meets the needs of both the research community and industry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully created the database FoodFungi ( http://foodfungi.ddai.tech/ ). This database provides core information including: Basic details of Monascus strains; information on Monascus metabolites; relevant biological information of Monascus. Additionally, the FoodFungi database incorporates a specific function for evaluating changes in regulated Monascus products.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The FoodFungi database serves as a crucial support for Monascus-related research and practical applications. By providing organized, accessible information and predictive tools, it effectively promotes the further utilization of Monascus resources and drives the industrial development of Monascus-based products.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147678639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plant endophytic fungus Cyanodermella asteris produces the phytohormone jasmonic acid.","authors":"Linda Jahn, Angela Sester, Elena Theresa Domaschke, Tobias A M Gulder, Jutta Ludwig-Müller","doi":"10.1186/s40694-026-00210-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-026-00210-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cyanodermella asteris is a fungal endophyte from Aster tataricus that produces plant hormones as well as a range of specialized metabolites. The aim of our study was to explore the potential of this endophytic fungus towards plant hormones besides the auxin indole-3-acetic acid which we recently identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we identified another hormone, jasmonic acid (JA), from culture medium extracts by LC-MS/MS and NMR. JA was also found in the hyphal fraction, but its de novo biosynthesis could not be stimulated by linolenic acid, a known precursor for JA biosynthesis in plants. The growth of C. asteris in media was not inhibited by JA. Only at high concentrations of 1 mM, an inhibition of biomass production was recorded. Putative genes encoding enzymes for JA biosynthesis were identified in the genome, and expression analyses showed an induction of one thioester hydrolase, possibly catalyzing saponification of JA-CoA to free JA. We also investigated its interaction with plant jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling mutants, aoc and jar, respectively, and found that the fungus can complement the JA-deficient phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Further understanding of the biology of JA biosynthesis on C. asteris as well as its interactions with plants is needed to exploit its potential use as a producer of JA.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147617076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring salicylic acid biosynthesis in Trichoderma spp. using an enhanced transformation approach.","authors":"Siebe Pierson, Erwann Arc, Thomas Roach, Clara Baldin, Mario Gründlinger, Maximilian Mick, Patrick Herzog, Ilse Kranner, Susanne Zeilinger","doi":"10.1186/s40694-026-00208-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-026-00208-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone but is also produced by microorganisms. Contrary to the well-described roles and biosynthetic pathways of SA in plants, its role in fungal physiology and its biosynthesis within fungi remains largely unclear. Here, we sought to investigate the role of SA in the physiology of Trichoderma spp. and to identify fungal genes responsible for SA biosynthesis in Trichoderma virens, while applying and optimizing a transformation approach recently adapted for Trichoderma atroviride.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant strain- and species-dependent differences in both SA biosynthesis and growth in the presence of exogenous SA were observed. Furthermore, in certain Trichoderma species SA biosynthesis turned out to be induced by the presence of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Based on plant SA biosynthesis pathways, candidate fungal SA biosynthesis genes were screened and respective T. virens gene deletion mutants generated through application and optimization of an enhanced transformation approach. Gene deletion did not result in a decrease in SA biosynthesis, providing evidence that SA biosynthesis in T. virens is distinct from the canonical plant pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although we were not able to identify genes responsible for SA biosynthesis in T. virens, we uncovered how certain Trichoderma and fungal phytopathogen species are affected by SA in their environment and how SA release by Trichoderma spp. can be affected by the presence of a plant host. Furthermore, we were able to optimize an approach to measuring phytohormones produced by Trichoderma spp. in plate culture and proved the applicability of an optimized transformation approach in T. virens.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12930902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146159125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to get the most out of fungal biotechnology?","authors":"Yvonne Nygård, Vera Meyer","doi":"10.1186/s40694-025-00207-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-025-00207-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the past decades, the importance of fungal biotechnology in advancing a bioeconomy and a circular economy has been emphasized in both scientific literature, project proposals, awarded grants and social media. Filamentous fungi have been proven to provide sustainable solutions for various industrial applications, ranging from bioremediation and medicine to the production of food, feed, materials, chemicals and energy. This is where we are today, but where could tomorrow's fungal biotechnology take us? How can the seemingly infinite potential of fungal biotechnology for a circular economy become unlocked? In this editorial, we will cover some of the critical aspects that we believe are essential for the success and impact of fungal biotechnology to a future bioeconomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12771900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogold labeling of extracellular vesicles from the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum reveals the presence of the protein marker Sur7.","authors":"Donovan Garcia-Ceron, Sarah M Wilson, Mark R Bleackley, Marilyn A Anderson","doi":"10.1186/s40694-025-00206-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-025-00206-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium head blight, caused by Fusarium graminearum, is one of the most threatening fungal diseases of cereals worldwide. Current practices for control of F. graminearum are not always efficient, as epidemics still occur and there is low resistance in wheat varieties. Therefore, novel antifungal targets must be discovered by analyzing the molecular interaction between F. graminearum and its host. Fungal extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound compartments (30-1000 nm) that carry macromolecules and support fungal virulence, hence the disruption of EV production could lead to reduced fungal pathogenicity. However, EV study is limited by the lack of surface protein markers to aid in their characterization. Therefore, the aim of this report was to target a surface protein marker with an antibody, to unlock advanced EV characterization techniques. Using the list of potential EV markers for Candida albicans, we selected the tetraspanin-like Sur7 to perform immunogold microscopy, revealing that this protein is a surface marker of F. graminearum EVs. SUR7 is present on the surface of some but not all vesicles. EVs carrying SUR7 were larger than those without the marker, suggesting that there are subtypes of fungal EVs. The epitope recognized by the anti-Sur7 antibody is conserved in other Fusarium pathogens, making Sur7 a potential pan-Fusarium EV marker. Our results unlock techniques, such as immunoaffinity chromatography and antibody labeling, to track fungal EVs and understand their biogenesis, which may lead to the development of novel antifungals.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12801696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Fomes fomentarius growth on the mechanical properties of material extrusion additively manufactured PLA and PLA/Hemp biopolymers.","authors":"Narges Panjalipoursangari, Yating Ou, Bertram Schmidt, Wolfgang H Müller, Christina Völlmecke","doi":"10.1186/s40694-025-00205-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-025-00205-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal-based biomaterials are emerging as sustainable alternatives to synthetic polymers, offering biodegradability and low environmental impact. However, the interaction between mycelium and 3D-printed biopolymers, particularly regarding mechanical performance, remains underexplored. This research investigates the tensile behavior of biopolymer specimens produced by Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (MEX AM), focusing on the effects of Fomes fomentarius mycelium colonization. The study examines how pre- and post-processing steps, as well as different 3D-printing infill patterns, influence mycelial growth and its mechanical impact. Both pure PLA and PLA_Hemp biopolymers were studied to assess the role of natural particles in fungal interaction and structural performance. The results indicate that mycelial colonization has a minor impact on the mechanical properties of PLA, while PLA_Hemp shows more pronounced, time-dependent effects. Environmental conditions such as humidity and incubation also affect mechanical performance, whereas certain pretreatments, like autoclaving, can significantly weaken the material. Overall, this work provides insight into the integration of mycelium within 3D-printing biopolymers, demonstrating the feasibility of hybrid biocomposites and highlighting both opportunities and challenges, thereby paving the way for more sustainable materials design and construction practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12598823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145477289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strain and contact-dependent metabolomic reprogramming reveals distinct interaction strategies between Laccaria bicolor and Trichoderma.","authors":"Prasath Balaji Sivaprakasam Padmanaban, Pia Stange, Baris Weber, Andrea Ghirardo, Karin Pritsch, Tanja Karl, J Philipp Benz, Maaria Rosenkranz, Jörg-Peter Schnitzler","doi":"10.1186/s40694-025-00204-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40694-025-00204-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae, Ascomycota) compromises over 400 known species, that are found in various soils, on plant surfaces and as plant endophytes. Interactions between the mycoparasitic Trichoderma spp. and beneficial ectomycorrhizal fungi such as Laccaria bicolor (Hydnangiaceae, Basidiomycota) can influence the structure of fungal communities and plant symbioses. In this study, we conducted in vitro dual-culture experiments involving L. bicolor and four Trichoderma strains (T. harzianum WM24a1, MS8a1, ES8g1, and T. atrobrunneum) to analyze their metabolic responses in relation to varying degrees of physical contact. Using integrated analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hyphal metabolomes, and secreted exudates, we uncovered strong contact- and strain-dependent growth inhibition patterns: Trichoderma growth was suppressed under shared headspace, whereas L. bicolor was more strongly inhibited under direct contact. Metabolomic profiling revealed distinct and strain-specific alterations in both VOC and soluble metabolite profiles during co-cultivation, with hundreds of discriminant mass features affected. Key metabolic pathways, including amino acid, carbohydrate, lipid, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, showed differential enrichment depending on the interaction stage and fungal partner. These results demonstrate that Trichoderma-Laccaria interactions are mediated by dynamic, contact-specific chemical reprogramming and suggest that fungal recognition and competition involve coordinated changes in both volatile and non-volatile metabolite production. Our findings provide a foundation for exploring how such antagonistic interactions may influence tripartite communication in plant-associated microbial networks. They also highlight the potential role of both emitted and secreted fungal metabolites in shaping interaction dynamics through putative non-self-recognition mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":52292,"journal":{"name":"Fungal Biology and Biotechnology","volume":"12 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}