Jackson C. Bittencourt , Heriberto Barbosa-Moyano , Ammir Y. Helou
{"title":"Primary cilia and melanin-concentrating hormone","authors":"Jackson C. Bittencourt , Heriberto Barbosa-Moyano , Ammir Y. Helou","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a discrepancy between the distribution of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)-immunoreactive fibers and the mRNA expression of MCH receptors, particularly MCH<sub>1</sub>. Furthermore, the presence of MCH<sub>1</sub> in the primary cilia of adjacent areas with richness of MCH-ir fibers, adds complexity to the neurochemical signaling dynamics. This intricate interplay, facilitated by volume transmission (VT) and the strategic positioning of receptors on structures like primary cilia, presents a novel perspective on neuroendocrine communication. An in-depth exploration of MCH, primary cilia, MCH<sub>1</sub>, and VT interactions promises to uncover unprecedented insights that could enhance our understanding of their implications for health and disorders, like obesity. An exploration into the ciliary mechanisms of MCH action emerges as a promising venue for uncovering potential therapeutic targets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140767623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adrenergic system: A gateway of reciprocal signaling between host and bacteria","authors":"Arif Luqman , Knut Ohlsen","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adrenergic system plays a central role in human physiology. However, it can also affect commensal bacteria via adrenergic hormones. Bacteria use adrenergic hormones as xenosiderophore for iron supply, modulators of biofilm formation, quorum-sensing autoinducers regulating virulence factors and pathogenicity, and for interaction with other commensals influencing the microbiome profiles. Bacteria also produce biogenic amines through aromatic amino acid decarboxylation which is widely expressed in human commensals. These biogenic amines are capable of interacting with adrenergic receptors, leading to a variety of different effects on the human body. Phenylacetyl acid is another compound produced by bacteria found in the gut that acts as a precursor of phenylacetylglutamine, a compound that has been linked to cardiac diseases due to its ability to induce thrombosis by activating adrenergic receptors present in platelets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial overview: Endocrinology of bone","authors":"Gerard Karsenty, Vijay K. Yada, Julian M. Berger","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100520","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140270158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathalia de Lima e Martins Lara, Anja Elsenhans, Rkia Dardari, Ina Dobrinski
{"title":"The role of primary cilia in the testis","authors":"Nathalia de Lima e Martins Lara, Anja Elsenhans, Rkia Dardari, Ina Dobrinski","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A better understanding of the role primary cilia play in the testis is becoming increasingly important in the context of male reproductive health since defects in cilia have been associated with male infertility and reproductive disorders. Primary cilia are found on most somatic cell types within the testis, including Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, and Leydig cells, especially during embryonic and neonatal stages. Primary cilia are involved in signaling pathways that are important for differentiation and function of testicular somatic cells, and cilia are also implicated in testicular morphogenesis. These observations indicate that testicular primary cilia play an integral role in regulating testis development and function.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140024341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary cilia and Sonic hedgehog signaling in adrenal gland physiology and cancer","authors":"Ivona Mateska","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adrenal gland is the major steroidogenic organ in mammals, and the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is particularly important for its development and homeostatic maintenance. In addition, the SHH pathway upregulation has been observed in adrenocortical carcinoma, a rare but deadly cancer. However, many aspects of how the spatial pattern of SHH secretion and signal reception is established and how this pathway signals during cancer remain less clear. Recent studies show that in the adrenal gland, as in other vertebrate tissues, the primary cilium and ciliary-specific proteins are particularly important for SHH pathway activity. Thus, the presence of primary cilia in the adrenal capsule could be limiting the SHH signaling effects to the adrenocortical progenitors in this region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245196502400005X/pdfft?md5=3a3594580781906e7563efb0db33c7e8&pid=1-s2.0-S245196502400005X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cilia structure and function in human disease","authors":"Gregory J. Pazour","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ciliary dysfunction causes a large group of developmental and degenerative human diseases known as ciliopathies. These diseases reflect the critical roles that cilia play in sensing the environment and in force generation for motility. Sensory functions include our senses of vision and olfaction. In addition, primary and motile cilia throughout our body monitor the environment allowing cells to coordinate their biology with the cells around them. This coordination is critical to organ development and maintenance, and ciliary dysfunction causes diverse structural birth defects and degenerative diseases. Deficiencies in motility lead to various health issues: lung diseases arise from impaired mucociliary clearance; male infertility results from compromised sperm motility and their inability to traverse the efferent ducts effectively; and disruptions in the left-right axis stem from nodal cilia's failure to establish accurate left-right cues.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100509"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Marini , Francesca Giusti , Maria Luisa Brandi
{"title":"Molecular genetics of parathyroid tumors","authors":"Francesca Marini , Francesca Giusti , Maria Luisa Brandi","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parathyroid tumors affect less than 0.5% of the general population. They commonly manifest as benign parathyroid adenoma (PA) in about 98% of cases, as atypical parathyroid adenoma (aPA) in 1.2%–1.3% of cases, or as malignant parathyroid carcinoma (PC) in less than 1% of patients. Over 90% of cases present as a sporadic disease, caused by somatic mutations occurred in a single parathyroid chief cell, leading to the development of a single-gland neoplasm. In less than 10% of cases, parathyroid tumors occur as a part of congenital non-syndromic or syndromic endocrine disorders, caused by a germline autosomal dominant mutation inherited by one parent, independently by sex, or, in extremely rare cases, by a <em>de novo</em> mutation occurred during the embryo development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Primary cilia and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons","authors":"Toneisha Stubbs, Kirk Mykytyn","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-sensory neurons in the mammalian brain possess a primary cilium. Neuronal cilia act as antenna and receive inputs from the extracellular environment to modulate developmental pathways and neuronal activity. These functions require ciliary enrichment of specific proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Although most neurons possess only one cilium, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons extend multiple primary cilia. GnRH neurons are central effectors of reproductive function and cilia on GnRH neurons are enriched for the kisspeptin receptor, a GPCR required for sexual maturation and reproductive function. Here, we provide a brief background on reproduction and primary cilia, discuss what is known about primary cilia on GnRH neurons, and present approaches for further elucidating the roles of cilia on GnRH neurons.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000024/pdfft?md5=a0ae59178287b9a7231b6e0f9df1905a&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139942229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bend or break: The primary cilium as a potential regulator of electrolyte reabsorption in the kidney","authors":"Wouter H. van Megen, Joost G.J. Hoenderop","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The epithelial cells lining the lumen of the tubular system in the kidney are exposed to a highly dynamic microenvironment, owing to the fluid flow of the pro-urine through this system. Renal flow sensing has been linked to various processes in the kidney, including electrolyte reabsorption. An important mediator of renal flow sensing is the primary cilium, which is found on almost all tubular epithelial cells. In this review, we describe the reported effects of fluid flow on electrolyte transport in the different segments of the nephron and whether these effects are dependent on the primary cilium. Collectively, these studies highlight the stimulatory effect of fluid flow on electrolyte reabsorption, with a variable degree of dependency on the primary cilium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000048/pdfft?md5=b87e8a320dbb4e7a7c3965e8af27a270&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139986814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}