{"title":"Oxysterol-related disorders","authors":"Akira Honda , Hajime Ueda , Teruo Miyazaki , Tadashi Ikegami","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in oxysterol analysis and studies on their molecular targets indicate that oxysterols, enzymatic or non-enzymatic cholesterol derivatives, are active molecules involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. This review describes and discusses the recent developments in several oxysterol-related disorders, including atherosclerosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and breast and lung cancers. Unlike congenital abnormalities of oxysterol-metabolizing enzymes, such as cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia type 5, it is often difficult to assess whether altered oxysterol levels in acquired diseases are the cause or the consequence of disease. In addition, oxysterols exert beneficial or deleterious effects on diseases depending on their structures. Despite these limitations, accumulated experimental evidence is beginning to clarify the impact of oxysterols on the pathophysiology of various diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"25-hydroxycholesterol in inflammation","authors":"Romeo Carre, Solenne Vigne, Caroline Pot","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxysterols, biological active oxidized forms of cholesterol, regulate cholesterol metabolism and intracellular cholesterol levels. They have been attributed additional roles during inflammation and recent data have highlighted their implication in human diseases. The oxysterol downstream of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h), 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), is largely produced during inflammatory processes. 25-HC and its derived oxysterols play critical roles in immune cell chemotaxis, viral replication inhibition, and neuroinflammation. Mechanistically, mitochondrial function, inflammasomes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell death, and cellular metabolism are involved. This review aims to bring the latest knowledge about the role of Ch25h-derived oxysterols under inflammatory conditions related to human diseases, specifically autoimmunity, neurological disorders, and cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole M. Fenton, Laura J. Sharpe, Andrew J. Brown
{"title":"A revised Oxysterol Hypothesis highlighting the special roles played by 24(S),25-Epoxycholesterol","authors":"Nicole M. Fenton, Laura J. Sharpe, Andrew J. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>First proposed in 1978, the Oxysterol Hypothesis asserted that oxysterols exert feedback regulation on cholesterol synthesis rather than cholesterol itself. We argue for a revised Oxysterol Hypothesis focussing on recent findings regarding one oxysterol in particular. 24(<em>S</em>),25-epoxycholesterol (24,25EC) is synthesised by a shunt in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, in addition to being produced in the brain from a cholesterol precursor by a sterol hydroxylase (CYP46A1). 24,25EC is implicated in biological processes far beyond just cholesterol metabolism, including being an agonist for Smoothened which transduces the signal in the Hedgehog development pathway, and exerting profound effects on immune functions. We discuss how manipulating 24,25EC is of clinical interest in treating a wide range of disorders, including liver diseases, neurological diseases, and cancers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thyroid cancer—Editorial overview","authors":"Jennifer A Sipos, Vicki E Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100573","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henver S. Brunetta , Stepheny C. de Campos Zani , Gabriel P. Ruiz , Marcelo A. Mori
{"title":"Insights into the role of adipose tissue-derived microRNAs in intercellular communication during cardiometabolic diseases","authors":"Henver S. Brunetta , Stepheny C. de Campos Zani , Gabriel P. Ruiz , Marcelo A. Mori","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>microRNAs (miRNAs) secreted by the adipose tissue (AT) have gained substantial attention over the last decade. Adipocytes produce and secrete large amounts of miRNAs that, in turn, can mediate physiological processes paracrinally or in distant organs. It is now clear that AT-derived miRNAs are important players in the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. Here, we provide an overview that supports this notion and bring insights into the intricate involvement of AT-derived miRNAs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases, discussing some of their far-reaching effects on the liver, heart, vasculature, and other tissues. Moreover, we outline future research directions addressing current gaps in the field which we hope will further advance our comprehension of the role of AT-derived miRNAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endocrine microbiology: A transdisciplinary approach of the human physiology","authors":"Marc G.J. Feuilloley, Olivier Lesouhaitier","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex hormones–Gut microbiome axis: An update of what is known so far","authors":"Mohamed Zommiti, Marc G.J. Feuilloley","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2025.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human gut microbiota is known to be shaped by a wide range of extrinsic factors (geography, lifestyle, sanitation, diet and drugs) and host intrinsic factors (genetics, age, sexual development and sex hormones). The intricate connection between organs, including glands, and different microbiota is well established with emerging evidence linking gut microbiota, composition, diversity and/or function as a key contributor to gut-organ/gland axis signaling. The observed differences in gut microbiota (GM) composition and diversity have led to numerous investigations highlighting the interaction between steroid hormones and the gut microbiome. In this review, we shed the light on how sex steroid hormones may modulate the composition and the function of the gut microbiota and vice-versa, via focusing on a unique crosstalk between these two main actors. We also highlight the role of the gut microbiota in modulating sex steroids signaling along the gut microbiome-sex hormones axis. Altogether, the evidence implies that gonadal steroids and gut microbiota exert a pivotal role in shifting host bacterial action, given the relevance of these factors in directly impacting physiology, metabolism, reproductive efficiency and even in the development of various ailments in both animals and humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143200765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}