Milica Rajković , Nikola Bogosavljević , Marko Vujačić , Drenka Trivanović
{"title":"Metabolic (re)programming in skeletal stem cell populations","authors":"Milica Rajković , Nikola Bogosavljević , Marko Vujačić , Drenka Trivanović","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current findings imply that skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations intermittently utilize glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to satisfy energetic demands and accomplish their lineage specification, or even dedifferentiation. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the earliest processes that governs adult bone regeneration. Increasing numbers of findings indicate that SSCs reside in bone and bone marrow compartments and contribute to different phases of bone homeostasis, remodeling, and repair. All these processes have distinct microenvironmental landscapes imposing specific metabolic requirements to SSCs. Although glucose has been considered as the main source of energy for skeleton, novel findings emphasize the importance of still challenging metabolic profiling of SSCs at different stages of bone development, homeostasis, and repair for delicate control of stem cell-guided bone regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Ching Esther Wan, Jeremy Dufau, Kirsty L. Spalding
{"title":"Local and systemic impact of adipocyte senescence-associated secretory profile","authors":"Yi Ching Esther Wan, Jeremy Dufau, Kirsty L. Spalding","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity has become one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. The accumulation of fat mass is associated with an increased risk of numerous comorbidities. Despite this, the precise mechanisms by which unhealthy fat cells contribute to the dysfunction of various tissues throughout the body remain poorly understood. Recently, cellular senescence in adipocytes has emerged as a significant factor in the pathological consequences of obesity. Here we review current knowledge regarding senescence in adipose tissue and adipocytes. We highlight the known mechanisms driving cellular senescence in mature adipocytes during obesity and summarize the deleterious crosstalk between senescent adipocytes and neighboring cells (as well as distant organs) as mediated by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir S. Shavva , Laura Tarnawski , Ting Liu , Osman Ahmed , Peder S. Olofsson
{"title":"Cholinergic signaling in adipose tissue","authors":"Vladimir S. Shavva , Laura Tarnawski , Ting Liu , Osman Ahmed , Peder S. Olofsson","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Until recently, the role of direct cholinergic regulation of adipose tissue function was unclear. With the identification of the α2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as a key regulator of adaptive thermogenesis in white adipose tissue, there is evidence of direct cholinergic regulation of adipocyte physiology. As in the spleen and the bone marrow, there is a local source of nonneuronal acetylcholine in adipose tissue: Macrophages release acetylcholine in response to a multiplicity of stimuli including cold, norepinephrine, and fibroblast growth factor 21, integrating cholinergic signaling in the adipose tissue microenvironment. The recent insights on this cholinergic signaling provides a useful framework for further mapping of the physiology of cholinergic signaling in adipose tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bacterial gene expression in response to catecholamine stress hormones","authors":"Meryem Boujnane, Amine Mohamed Boukerb, Nathalie Connil","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacteria–host communication plays a crucial role in symbiosis and pathogenesis. Investigations of pathogenic bacterial responses to host neurotransmitters, including catecholamines, have been the subject of several studies. Both Epinephrine (Epi) and Norepinephrine (NE) catecholamines can modulate bacterial physiology, affecting growth, motility, biofilm formation, virulence, and interactions with eukaryotic cells. This has been widely described in Gram-negative bacteria and mostly for pathogens (<em>i.e</em>. <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em>, <em>Salmonella enterica,</em> and <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>). In this review, we focused on whole and targeted bacterial gene expression that have been modulated upon exposure to Epi and NE catecholamines. A wide range of these genes were involved in various physiological aspects (<em>i.e</em>. general metabolism, stress responses, uptake/transport, motility, biofilm, and virulence).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marc G.J. Feuilloley , Emilie Hadjiev , Lanyo J. Amegnona
{"title":"Interaction of skin-born mediators with the cutaneous microbiota and beyond","authors":"Marc G.J. Feuilloley , Emilie Hadjiev , Lanyo J. Amegnona","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cutaneous microorganisms are growing in a microenvironment where skin hormones and neurohormones are present in abundance. These molecules are markers of the host physiology, and microorganisms have developed strategies for detecting host factors that can represent a threat for their survival. Until now, our knowledge of these mechanisms is limited to bacteria, although the skin microbiota also includes an abundance of yeasts, fungi, viruses, and even archaea. Several human hormones and neurotransmitters, including substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptides, natriuretic peptides, catecholamines, and even estradiol have been studied in this context. This was leading to the identification of original proteins, such as the thermo-unstable ribosomal elongation factor, the chaperone DnaK, or the enzyme AmiC, which have been developed by bacteria and have dual functions, in the cytoplasm where they were originally identified and in the bacterial membrane where they act as sensors for host factors. These sensors, designed as moonlighting proteins for their dual functions, are submitted to structural reorganizations and probably post-translational modifications. The occurrence of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of moonlighting proteins activity is a source of major complications since similar processes are activated during bacteria adaptation to the host physiology and even storage. Cutaneous bacterial endocrinology is a wide and complex emerging scientific field that requires a deep knowledge of both human and microbial physiology and careful experimental procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Therapeutic treatments targeting communication between angiogenic and immune microenvironments in thyroid cancers","authors":"Alessandro Prete , Carmelo Nucera","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thyroid cancer treatment has recently been revolutionized by the introduction of specific targeted therapies (e.g. BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> or highly selective RET inhibitors), anti-angiogenic agents (e.g. tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)) and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which significantly ameliorate outcomes in selected groups of thyroid cancer patients. Targeted and anti-angiogenic treatments are characterized by transient and partial efficacy, due to primary or secondary tumor resistance mechanisms, and toxicity profile. Immune therapy-based approaches are producing preliminary results. Herein, we review and prospectively discuss the immune microenvironment in non-medullary and medullary thyroid cancers and its interplays with the angiogenic microenvironment (endothelial cells and pericytes). In addition, we discuss how these interactions might be targeted using combined therapies. Furthermore, we will review chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells treatment that potentially may ensure a more durable and effective response in advanced thyroid cancers. In sum, angiogenic and immune microenvironments show functional connectivity in TCs. Therapies with anti-angiogenic and immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with specific targeted therapy inhibitors with a tolerable toxicity profile may overcome drug resistance and provide better clinical outcomes than single agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Timing of physical activity in the pursuit of fat mass loss and weight maintenance","authors":"Milena Schönke , Patrick C.N. Rensen","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Obesity is a significant global burden for individuals and healthcare systems with its array of associated chronic cardiometabolic diseases. While lifestyle modifications such as dietary interventions and increased physical activity are effective in weight management, recent investigations highlight the critical role of timing these interventions in accordance with our body's circadian clock. Over the past decade, multiple studies and meta analyses have investigated how the timing of exercise training influences white adipose tissue (WAT) biology, fat mass loss, and obesity, but physical activity guidelines have not yet adopted a recommendation for exercise timing due to conflicting conclusions. This review aims to summarize the latest findings in this field and touches upon contributing factors such as sex disparities and nutrition timing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000401/pdfft?md5=c2a01dab6aa7129a7cbd8ed5b61bfefa&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000401-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fasting-regulated mechanisms in inter-organ crosstalk","authors":"Ana Jimena Alfaro , Stephan Herzig","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adaptation to changing environmental cues represents a key prerequisite for the survival of an organism. Mammals, including humans, have evolved intricate endocrine signals to convey information about the nutritional status to individual organs, cells, and eventually the cell nucleus, to trigger appropriate molecular-metabolic responses. To this end, mounting a proper fasting response is determined by not only intra-organ adaptations but also inter-tissue crosstalk mechanisms that orchestrate whole-body energy homeostasis under nutrient-deprived conditions. Here, we shortly summarize recent advances in our current understanding of the key processes driving the adaptive response to fasting with a focus on the crosstalk between the adipose tissue and liver ketogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000383/pdfft?md5=bc170d1253de810829c6e33e4643659b&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000383-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madison Clark , Bianca E. Suur , Matúš Soták , Emma Börgeson
{"title":"Attenuation of adipose tissue inflammation by pro-resolving lipid mediators","authors":"Madison Clark , Bianca E. Suur , Matúš Soták , Emma Börgeson","doi":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adipose tissue inflammation drives systemic pathophysiology, for instance, obesity-related cardiometabolic disease. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators are a superfamily of endogenously produced lipids that promote the resolution of inflammation, an actively regulated process. New evidence suggests that such lipids (e.g. lipoxins) could resolve adipose tissue inflammation and, thus, subvert obesity-related diseases. A key feature of pro-resolving lipids is their ability to promote an M2-like macrophage phenotype and enhance efferocytosis while avoiding adverse side-effects typically associated with anti-inflammatory drugs, such as increased sensitivity to infections. This brief review discusses the therapeutic potential of pro-resolving lipid mediators in mitigating systemic disease fueled by adipose tissue inflammation in both experimental and human disease models.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52218,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451965024000371/pdfft?md5=4ae9fe6975231130f1cb7d542ac2f363&pid=1-s2.0-S2451965024000371-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}