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{"title":"Isolation of (+)-Catechin from Food Waste Using Ionic Liquids-Modified ZIF67 Covered Silica","authors":"Mengshuai Liu, Xiaoman Li, Mengmeng Zhao, Xuyang Jiu, Chuang Yao, Minglei Tian","doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.0882.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0882.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Food waste contains abundant (+)-catechin, but its efficient recovery remains challenging. This study aimed to prepare ionic liquid (IL)-modified sorbents and establish an efficient method for (+)-catechin recovery from chocolate waste via solid-phase extraction (SPE); Methods: Three serious of IL-modified sorbents (Sil-IL, ZIF67-IL, Sil@ZIF67-IL) were synthesized. Their adsorption performance was evaluated under different conditions; adsorption isotherms and kinetics were fitted to Langmuir/Freundlich and pseudo-first/second-order models, respectively. Sorbent stability and (+)-catechin recovery from chocolate waste extracts were tested; Results: Sil@ZIF67-Hmim showed the highest adsorption capacity (154.4 mg/g) at 25 °C within 120 min. Adsorption followed the Langmuir model (R²=0.99), indicating chemical adsorption. Sil@ZIF67-Hmim was subjected to repeated solid phase extraction (SPE) for five consecutive days, the recovery rate ranged from 98.1%-99.2%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.2%-4.4%; Conclusion: Sil@ZIF67-Hmim is a high-efficiency sorbent for (+)-catechin recovery from chocolate waste, providing a novel approach for food waste valorization and highlighting the application potential of IL-modified MOF-silica composites.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/9c830b3a6f3ac8629ef54cc822cf9966/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147887347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrophobic Plasmonic Filter Paper SERS Substrate for Monitoring Harmful Ingredients from Food Sample","authors":"Jie Gao, Weiwei Zhang, Hangming Qi, Xu Tao, Qian Yu, Xianming Kong, Kundan Sivashanmugan","doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.0881.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0881.v1","url":null,"abstract":"A flexible paper base SERS substrate with hydrophobic surface was fabricated through a simple route. The Ag nanoparticle was modified on filter paper through in situ growth method. After optimizing the condition during the growth and surface modification process, the hydrophobic filter paper-Ag was prepared via soaking in 10-8 g/ml of 1-Dodecanethiol with 12 h growth time. The flexible SERS substrate exhibit excellent hydrophobic properties, the contact angle of water could achieve 130.2 °. When the solution of analyte was dropped onto the SERS substrate, the diffusion effect was limited. After evaporation, the target analyte was concentrated within a fixed area. The hydrophobic SERS substrate could simultaneously improve the SERS signal and fluorescence of the analyte. The paper base SERS substrate with hydrophobic surface was used for detecting thiram from edible oil, and the sensitivity was down to 10-7 M. We proposed a flexible, economical and green hydrophobic SERS substrate for the detection of harmful ingredient from hydrophobic phase.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/d0cca1eb50a51ab42d6dadfdff09f8b5/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147900052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Licorice Flavonoid Extract Ameliorates Intestine Damage in Ulcerative Colitis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Modulation and Gut Microbiome Remodeling","authors":"Xiaoai Zhu, Binsong Han, Anqi Hu, Jiacen Bi, Wenxue Wang, Yuhui Ye, Feng Xue, Cunzheng Zhang","doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.0679.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0679.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology, characterized by non-specific colonic inflammation. Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), a food-medicine dual-use botanical, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, suggesting therapeutic potential for UC. However, the specific bioactive components of licorice and their underlying mechanisms of action require further elucidation. In this study, we investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of licorice flavonoid extract (LF) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine model of UC. The results demonstrated that oral administration of LF significantly alleviated disease pathology indices, reduced colon shortening, and improved histopathological colon damage. LF treatment suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, likely through inhibiting the phosphorylation of MAPK and NF-κB p65, while upregulating PPARγ expression. Additionally, LF intervention restored gut microbial diversity, increasing the abundance of beneficial taxa such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The chemical characterization of LF revealed that 15 flavonoid compounds contribute to its therapeutic basis. These findings demonstrate that LF mitigates UC via integrated anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and microbiota-regulating mechanisms, highlighting its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for UC management.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/c5c33099369e73e5c5df0cbf3ced1ff8/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Threshold and Long-Term Stable Soliton Fiber Laser Using PbSe/PbS Quantum Dot-Polystyrene Composite Saturable Absorber","authors":"Bin Yang, Jingping Shao, Chunxiao Liu, Ling Yun, Zuxing Zhang","doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.0595.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0595.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Colloidal PbSe quantum dots are promising candidates as saturable absorbers for ultrafast fiber lasers, but their performance is often limited by surface-related defects and chemical instability, leading to aggregation under optical pumping. In this study, we present a freestanding PbSe/PbS quantum dot-polystyrene composite saturable absorber film, with PbS overcoating on PbSe to enhance surface passivation and oxidation resistance. The composite exhibits a saturation intensity of 5.76 kW·cm-2, a modulation depth of 33%, and an optical damage threshold of 13.6 mJ·cm-2. When integrated into a bidirectionally pumped erbium-doped fiber laser in the anomalous-dispersion regime, the device demonstrates self-starting soliton mode locking at an ultralow pump threshold of 6 mW, generating 1.06 ps pulses with a radio-frequency signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 65 dB. The spectra remain stable over a six-month period, showing excellent environmental and operational durability. These findings confirm that PbSe/PbS quantum dots in a polymer matrix offer a robust, low-threshold saturable absorber platform for ultrafast fiber lasers.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/53ef8789813e02ae4c77a2515fa41c47/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147891939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study on B Vitamins in Oilseed Crops Reveal Sesame of Valuable Resource in Vitamin B<sub>3</sub>, B<sub>6</sub> and B<sub>12</sub>","authors":"Yijia Zhang, Ting Zhou, Zishu Luo, Desawi Hdru Teklu, Lei Wang, Rong Zhou, Wei Wang, Jun You, Huan Li, Linhai Wang","doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.0592.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0592.v1","url":null,"abstract":"B vitamins are essential micronutrients for human health with prominent antioxidant properties, capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining redox homeostasis, protecting cells from oxidative damage. To address global nutrient deficiencies and identify plant-based antioxidant sources, this study quantified seven B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, B12) in seeds, leaves, and seedlings of five oilseeds (sesame, peanut, soybean, rapeseed, perilla) and two leafy vegetables (spinach, lettuce) via LC-MS/MS, revealing distinct species- and tissue-specific patterns. Notably, sesame seeds exhibited exceptional vitamin B3 (niacin, 39.3 μg/g), surpassing other oilseeds by 1.6-8.2-fold; its leaves contained outstanding vitamin B6 (2.88 μg/g), with 2.57–8.31-fold higher than spinach (1.12 μg/g) and lettuce (0.34μg/g), whereas, vitamin B12 (0.44 μg/g), with levels of ~13–20 times higher than other leaves samples. Sesame seedlings recorded high vitamin B6 (1.6 μg/g) and B12 (0.1 μg/g) among the oilseed crops seedlings. These findings highlight sesame as a multifunctional B vitamin resource for antioxidant nutrition, supporting dietary optimization, crop biofortification, and mitigation of global B vitamin inadequacies via plant-based solutions.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/967056d0acc71059409b958024b6e96d/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Silicone-Polyol Antifoam Emulsions: Impact on Foam Control and Physiology of Diverse Microbial Cultures","authors":"Mikhail Frolov, Trofim A. Lozhkarev, Elmira A. Vasilieva, Л. А. Васильева, Almaz A. Zagidullin, L. Ya. Zakharova, Galim Alimzhanovich Kungurov, Natalia Trachtmann, Shamil Validov","doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.0173.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0173.v1","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of an optimal antifoam is critical for efficient fermentation, as industrial agents often have detrimental side effects like growth inhibition, while some can enhance productivity. This study presents a rational approach to developing and screening novel silicone-polyol antifoam emulsions. A key finding was the discovery of selective antibacterial activity in agent 3L10, which strongly inhibited Gram-positive bacteria (especially Corynebacterium glutamicum) but not Gram-negative strains. This specificity, likely mediated by interaction with the mycolic acid layer of C. glutamicum, highlights the necessity for strain-specific antifoam testing. A comprehensive evaluation protocol—combining chemical design, cytotoxicity screening across diverse microorganisms, determination of minimum effective concentrations (MEC), and validation in model bioreactor fermentations—was established. Through this process, agent 6T80 was identified as a promising candidate. It exhibited low MEC, high emulsion stability, no cytotoxicity, and did not impair growth or recombinant protein production in B. subtilis or P. putida fermentations. The study concludes that agent 6T80 is suitable for further application in processes involving Gram-negative and certain Gram-positive hosts, whereas agent 3L10 serves as a valuable tool for studying surfactant-membrane interactions. The developed methodology enables the targeted selection of highly efficient and biocompatible antifoams for specific biotechnological processes.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/e7a8277c6a335e3db7c0914c035fc393/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147913207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Characterization, Constipation-Relieving, and Hypolipidemic Activity of Polysaccharides from Fresh and Processed <em>Dendrobium officinale</em>","authors":"Tingting Ding, Qingquan Ma, Xin Xu, Caiyue Chen, Ya Song, Xiang Zou, Shuqi Gao, Tingting Zhang, Fengzhong Wang, Jing Sun, Bei Fan","doi":"10.20944/preprints202601.0079.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0079.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Dendrobium officinale (DO) is a traditional medicinal and edible plant whose polysaccharides help modulate gastrointestinal and metabolic functions. Fresh DO is commonly processed into “Fengdou” to prolong shelf life, but the effects of this processing on polysaccharide structure and bioactivity remain unclear. In this study, polysaccharides from fresh DO (FDOP) and Fengdou (DDOP) were isolated, purified, and comparatively characterized. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis indicated similar functional groups and O-acetylated pyranosyl structures in both polysaccharides. Based on monosaccharide composition, methylation, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses, both samples were identified as mannose-glucose heteropolysaccharides. However, FDOP was characterized by a higher mannose-to-glucose ratio (79.77:19.57) and molecular weight (187.1 kDa), as well as a more structurally diversified →4-linked backbone, whereas DDOP contained more glucose (68.74:30.94) and exhibited a lower molecular weight (125.1 kDa) and simplified backbone. In zebrafish models, both polysaccharides were found to alleviate loperamide-induced constipation and reduce lipid accumulation. DDOP showed stronger constipation-relieving activity, whereas FDOP exerted more pronounced hypolipidaemic effects, which may be attributed to its higher molecular weight, mannose enrichment, and more complex backbone structure. These findings provide a structural basis and theoretical support for developing DO-derived polysaccharides as functional food ingredients targeting constipation and dyslipidaemia.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/6d83615a4276e18d2d7fe91490e3a5e5/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147381587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Tai Chi vs. Strength Training on Physical Performance, Body Composition, and Well-Being in Community-Dwelling Older Mexican Women","authors":"Cristina Flores-Bello, Elsa Correa‐Muñoz, Martha A. Sánchez-Rodríguez, Juana Rosado-Pérez, Nayeli Vaquero-Barbosa, Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez","doi":"10.20944/preprints202512.2805.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202512.2805.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: Tai Chi (TC) practice has been shown to have positive effects on the physical, psychological, and cognitive health of older adults. However, dis-crepancies persist regarding its effectiveness compared to strength training (ST). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of TC training compared to ST on phys-ical performance, body composition, cognitive function, and psychological well-being in older adults. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a conven-ience sample of 68 women ≥60 years, divided into three groups: (i) Tai Chi Group (TCG) n=26; (ii) Strength Training Group (STG) n=21; and (iii) Control Group (CG) n=21. The TC and STG groups performed physical training four days a week, 60min/day, for six months. All participants were assessed for physical performance (FP), body composition, cognition, and psychological well-being before and after the intervention. Results: TCG showed statistically significant positive changes compared to CG after the intervention in the following physical fitness tests: 4-meter walk (base-line, 4.7 ± 2.2; post, 3.7 ± 0.9, p = 0.01); chair stand-up and sit-down (baseline, 13.2 ± 4; post, 9.5 ± 3.2, p = 0.021). Similarly, the TCG group showed a significant increase in handgrip strength (baseline, 19.8 kg; post, 20.9 kg, p = 0.02), along with a reduction in body fat percentage (baseline, 49.2%; post, 45.8%, p = 0.045); an increase in skeletal muscle mass (baseline, 16.3 kg; post, 18.0 kg, p = 0.0001); and skeletal muscle mass in-dex (p = 0.001). Furthermore, in the TCG showed an increase in psychological well-being (+15%) and a decrease in depressive symptoms (-12.5%; p< 0.05). Conclu-sion: Our findings suggest that Tai Chi has a better effect than strength training on physical performance, body composition, and hand strength in older adults living in the community. It also helps maintain cognitive function and improve depression and well-being.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/0b858df12e2b3556933eb09565a4184a/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147892506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biophysical Framework for Neurodegeneration: Prioritizing Protein Homeostasis Over Aggregate Toxicity","authors":"Jamir Pitton Rissardo, Ana Letícia Fornari Caprara","doi":"10.20944/preprints202512.2722.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202512.2722.v1","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative research has long hypothesized that aggregated proteins such as amyloid‑β (Aβ), tau, and α‑synuclein (αSyn) are intrinsically toxic and are directly associated with the etiologies of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, emerging scientific evidence challenges this view. Plasma p‑tau217 shows weak correlation with cognitive severity, αSyn seed amplification assays provide only binary diagnostic support, and anti‑amyloid monoclonal antibodies yield modest short-term benefit while increasing amyloid-related imaging abnormality (ARIA) risk. Postmortem pathology and fluid biomarkers explain only a limited amount of variance in clinical outcomes, undermining their role as surrogate endpoints. We propose a biophysical framework in which aggregation reflects a supersaturation-driven phase transition that signals depletion of soluble, functional monomers rather than the emergence of toxic species. Within this paradigm, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and Lewy bodies represent tombstones of lost protein function, and neurodegeneration occurs when monomer supply falls below neuronal demand. This shift has practical implications for biomarker interpretation, staging, and therapeutic design. Future directions include quantifying monomer flux using stable-isotope labeling kinetics (SILK), integrating supply and demand ratios, and prioritizing mechanism-testing trials that restore protein homeostasis rather than indiscriminately clear aggregates. By reframing pathology as a marker of stress rather than a maker of disease, this approach may enable more effective precision therapeutics based on human biology.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/63cf35813da2813030889543cdb162b3/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Phenolic Acids with Different Structures and Lauric Acid on the Digestive Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics of Breadfruit Starch","authors":"Jiapeng Tian, Xuan Zhang, Wendi Zhang, Kexue ZHU, Xiaoai Chen, Yutong Zhang, Zuohua Xie, Lixiang Zhou, Yanru Zhou, Yanjun Zhang, Juxiu Li","doi":"10.20944/preprints202512.2739.v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202512.2739.v1","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how complexes formed by lauric acid (LA) and polyphenols (gallic acid, GA; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, DOPAC; caffeic acid, CA) with bread-fruit starch affect starch’s digestibility and properties. The digestibility resistance of ternary complexes was not superior to that of binary complexes but remained higher than native starch. Among them, the CA complex (CB) showed the highest RS and the lowest hydrolysis, indicating CA's prominent role in enhancing digestibility resistance. A decreased breakdown value and increased gelatinization temperatures were revealed, indicating inhibited gelatinization. During cooling phase, samples with LA showed viscosity peaks, confirming V-type complex formation, which was absent in polyphe-nol-only samples. R1047/1022 and Rc values were increased in complexes. Ternary complexes exhibited a lower R1047/1022 ratio but a higher Rc than binary complexes, suggesting LA mainly influenced long-range order, while polyphenols affected both short- and long-range order. This may explain the antagonistic effect on digestibility in ternary complexes.","PeriodicalId":521283,"journal":{"name":"Preprints.org","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/96ad7d73a4b37b634023920a7ad2b828/download_pub","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}