Polar Journal最新文献

{"title":"Handbook on geopolitics and security in the arctic - the high North between cooperation and confrontation","authors":"P. Devyatkin","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1934153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1934153","url":null,"abstract":"The Handbook on Geopolitics and Security in the Arctic successfully presents a one-stop-shop of scholarship on established and emerging geostrategic concepts in the Far North. In 21 chapters writte...","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"245 - 247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1934153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43068620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russia’s Arctic policies: concepts, domestic and international priorities","authors":"M. Lagutina","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1932262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1932262","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to examine the evolution of Russia’s domestic and international policies in the Arctic from the early 2000s to the present. The paper discusses the question whether Russia has radically changed its Arctic policy in the context of the current crisis in the relationships between Russia and the West? Based on the comparative analysis of Russia’s main strategic documents on the Arctic this article explores Russia’s motivations, main interests, strategic priorities and new challenges for Russia’s domestic and foreign policies in the Arctic. The author summarises and evaluates the main results of Russia’s Arctic policy since 2008 and concludes that Russia’s Arctic policy is evolutionary and largely consistent: Russia plans to focus on security issues and sustainable socioeconomic development in the Arctic region. Moreover, the paper presents the analysis of the prospects of Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023. In sum, the author believes that Russia seeks to balance international cooperation with national security needs.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"118 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1932262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43950098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal and political issues in Antarctica: celebrating 80 years since the delimitation of Chilean Antarctic Territory and the New Chilean Antarctic Law","authors":"C. Flores","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1885898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1885898","url":null,"abstract":"implementation of the CCRWP, which in turn is evidence of the importance of communication between scientists and policymakers to identify the governance and management actions needed to prepare for the climate change impacts in the Antarctic region. The final presentation, by Neil Gilbert, started with the idea of a gap existing between the faster-paced issues and volume of research on Antarctica and the slower-paced decisionmaking process, which the Antarctic Environments Portal was designed to fill. It was explained that, while the external face of the Portal is expressed in the website itself, the inner face is a complex process to offer good, reliable and up-to-date information that raises awareness on current and emerging issues, expressed in so-called ‘information summaries’. This is achieved by receiving community-wide suggestions on topics, using peer-reviewed articles by selected experts, having the Editorial Group review them to ensure that the information is expressed in a way that is likely to have a maximum effect and both making it available to the general public and returning to the experts to keep the information updated. The process takes thus a circular, cyclic shape. The speaker further explained that content management plans have been put in place, in order to encourage the engagement of the user community, providing the Editorial Group with valuable feedback. The round of questions and answers largely focused on the views and experiences of the speakers on the role that lawyers play and the nexus that exists (or should exist) between Law, Science and Policy. The speakers gave an account of lawyers’ valuable participation within the ATS, however, mainly on the ‘decision-making end’. In their view, it would be nonetheless desirable for scientists to have the advice from lawyers to have a broader view of the implications of their advice to policy-makers and know what is (legally) feasible, thus using their limited resources more efficiently. Action Group on PoLSciNex will enter its third and final year in 2021 of its three-year research period. It will utilise the opportunity at the biennial academic conference of SCAR SC-HASS to be held at Kobe University, Japan, in November 2021, to organise a final workshop to highlight the project’s achievements.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"233 - 235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1885898","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45931388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UK-Russia relations in the Arctic: from damage limitation to a cooperative agenda?","authors":"N. Eremina","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1932275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1932275","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the UK-Russian relations in the Arctic in the post-Ukraine crisis era. More specifically, this paper provides a comparative analysis of Russian and British strategic documents on the Arctic with the aim to identify commonalties and differences in these countries’ approaches to the High North and find out whether they are favourable for international cooperation in the Arctic or not. The study also presents an analysis of Russian-British cooperation before 2014, when the Ukrainian crisis began and the UK joined the Western anti-Russian sanctions. The author identifies the energy and science sectors as the most dynamic and promising areas for bilateral cooperation in the High North. The author concludes that any real breakthrough in the UK-Russian Arctic cooperation is unlikely in the foreseeable future, but notes that this cooperation has managed to survive numerous crises in the UK-Russian bilateral relations and now it is gradually gaining a stable and mutually beneficial character.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"57 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1932275","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49460442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research handbook on polar law","authors":"C. Sosin, Erika J. Techera","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1927300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1927300","url":null,"abstract":"nineteenth or twentieth century – can be so neatly black boxed. In his postscript, Wood writes that ‘The Victorian explorer’s greatest legacy . . . lay not in national conquest, but in their shared commitment to scientific discovery’ (248). While it is certainly true that gathering scientific data was a focus of the 1837–1840 expeditions, such efforts were not, and never are, undertaken in a vacuum. Wood’s account of encounters with native populations in Tierra del Fuego, enslaved people in Rio, and even Ross’ final claim to Hooker’s Antarctic collection speak precisely to the social, economic and political power structures that enmesh scientific research. While reviving a scientific lineage to the Victorian explorers is absolutely necessary, bolstering the powerful trope of a ‘Continent of Science’, existing adrift from history at the end of the world, is less so. Nevertheless, Wondrous Cold is a masterful means of emplacing Antarctica – and the history of science – in deep time: an urgent concern in our moment of climate crisis.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"243 - 245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1927300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43156627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Polar Code and Canada’s regulations on Arctic navigation: shipping companies’ perceptions of the new legal environment","authors":"P. Pic, Julie Babin, F. Lasserre, Linyan Huang, Kristin Bartenstein","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1889838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1889838","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In 2017, the Polar Code, negotiated under the auspices of the IMO, came into force. Later that same year, Canada issued new regulations applicable to navigation in the Canadian Arctic. In this paper, we investigate how this new legal environment is perceived by shipping companies. We conducted a survey, asking companies, both active and not active in the Arctic, how they assess the impact of the legal changes on their operations. Using a qualitative methodology, we coded and analysed 99 questionnaires. Our research shows that companies not active in the Arctic are, as could be expected, largely unaware of the Polar Code and often unwilling to respond to our survey, showing a limited interest in the Arctic shipping market. Companies active in the Arctic and well aware of the issues of safety of navigation and environmental protection generally welcomed the Polar Code. Respondents were less familiar with the new Canadian regulations, arguably corroborating findings according to which the Northwest Passage is not currently considered a potential regular shipping route.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"95 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1889838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41853183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative approaches to environmental management in the development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic shelf","authors":"A. Fadeev, S. Lipina, K. Zaikov","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1889836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1889836","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper discusses innovative approaches to the projects implementation in the Arctic shelf of Russia and foreign countries. The authors pay considerable attention to the analysis of developing of hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic zone by the leading world oil and gas powers, which makes it possible to identify the most effective socio-economic approaches to the development of hydrocarbon deposits in the public interest and possible prospects for their use in modern Russian conditions. The article gives a comparative analysis of the models of natural resources development by various states and conclusions on their effectiveness. The authors highlight the existing practical examples of effective environmental management aimed at solving the most important problem – harmonising the interests of economic entities in the Arctic. The paper also addresses issues of interaction between the state and the oil and gas business, the formation of an effective strategy for managing hydrocarbon resources development.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"208 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1889836","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46381535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land of wondrous cold: the race to discover antarctica and unlock the secrets of its ice","authors":"Alexis Rider","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1911765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1911765","url":null,"abstract":"human activities in Antarctica other than those of a tourism or non-governmental kind; impacts arising from human activities originating from outside the Antarctic Treaty area; the role of ‘subjective’ characteristics of wilderness; and what lessons Arctic governance might take from the ATS. Without diminishing the importance of the above findings, in further work there could be consideration of the interaction between the ATS and relevant legal rules developed under the national legislation of the ATCPs. These national legal rules also provide an important source of protection of wilderness in Antarctica. For instance, under Australian national legislation, environmental protection is addressed in the Antarctic Treaty (Environment Protection) Act 1980 (Cth) which in accordance with its s 4(1)(a) applies ‘not only to Australian nationals but also to any other persons and property, including foreign persons and property’ in the Australian Antarctic Territory. Further, regarding the description of the human presence and activities in Antarctica, an acknowledgement of the important contribution of the South American States (in particular for Argentina and Chile) in Antarctic affairs would have bolstered understanding of human interaction within Antarctica. For example, Argentina established the first permanently inhabited base in Antarctica, the Orcadas Base in the South Orkney Islands, in 1904. Overall, this book provides a valuable contribution to one of the key contemporary challenges of the Antarctic Treaty System. That is, protection of the Antarctic environment in times of increasing human access to the region. Neumann’s work will help to improve understanding of the possibilities for protection of wilderness, in particular in the context of tourism and other non-governmental activities, within Antarctica. Therefore, this is an important contribution to ongoing discussions on development of the Antarctic Treaty System.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"241 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1911765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41332314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban sustainability in the arctic: measuring progress in circumpolar cities","authors":"K. Marx","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1911763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1911763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"238 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1911763","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43495297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russia’s cooperation with Asian observers to the Arctic Council","authors":"Y. Leksyutina","doi":"10.1080/2154896X.2021.1892833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1892833","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite being regarded as non-Arctic states, a number of Asian countries have been developing their Arctic policies and activities since mid-1990s. Being interested in securing its national interests and unique status of an Arctic great power, Russia till roughly 2013 had opposed non-Arctic countries’ engagement in Arctic issues. However, since 2013, Russia has been changing its approach with regard to participation of non-Arctic states in Arctic activities, considering them as partners. This article analyzes commercial cooperation between Russia and five Asian observers to the Arctic Council in the development of Arctic natural resources and the Northern Sea Route in the years of 2013–2020. It demonstrates how Moscow finds the balance between the need to protect its national interests in the Arctic and the necessity to cooperate with Asian countries as capable of providing Russia with financial capital and advanced technologies indispensible for further Arctic development. The author characterises Russia’s current approach towards Arctic cooperation with Asian partners as cautious pragmatism − a desire to develop beneficial partnerships with non-Arctic states within certain limits in a controllable scope. The conclusions would certainly suggest that currently, despite official rhetoric and numerous publicised plans for cooperation in the Arctic, Russia’s actual commercial engagement with Asian states is still modest. So far, the most dynamic and successful cooperation was that relating to the Arctic LNG projects. Russia and its Asian counterparts have found that moving beyond political declarations might be quite difficult. The article also concludes that while all five Asian countries search for business opportunities as contractors for Russia’s Arctic projects, only few of them − China and Japan − are ready to provide investment or financing.","PeriodicalId":52117,"journal":{"name":"Polar Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"136 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2154896X.2021.1892833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60086400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}