The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale最新文献

{"title":"The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of <i>Callicarpa nudiflora</i> Extract on <i>H. Pylori</i>-Infected GES-1 Cells through the Inhibition of ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1<i>β</i> Signaling Axis.","authors":"Lili Li,&nbsp;Bo Bao,&nbsp;Xingxing Chai,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Chen,&nbsp;Xiaohua Su,&nbsp;Shixiu Feng,&nbsp;Xiaohui Zhu","doi":"10.1155/2022/5469236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5469236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) is the main pathogenic factor of gastric cancer, chronic gastritis, and other gastric diseases. It has been found that <i>Callicarpa nudiflora</i> (CN) as an air-dried leaf extract has a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. This study aims to examine the effect of CN on <i>H. pylori</i>-infected GES-1 cells <i>in vitro</i> and elucidate its underlying mechanism by extracting active ingredients from air-dried leaves. GES-1 cells were cocultured with HPSS1 at MOI = 100 : 1 and treated with different concentrations of CN (100 and 200 <i>μ</i>g/ml). Results showed that CN can significantly reduce cellular LDH leakage and attenuate <i>H. pylori</i>-induced cell apoptosis and ROS production in GSE-1 cells, so as to protect gastric epithelial cells from damage by <i>H. pylori</i>. CN can also inhibit the secretion of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-1<i>β</i>, IL-6, and IL-8. After CN treatment, the expression levels of active caspase-1, PYCARD, and NLRP3 were remarkably decreased in the treatment groups compared with the model group. To sum up, CN is highly protective against <i>H. pylori</i>-induced cell damage and apoptosis; CN can depress NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ROS production via the ROS/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1<i>β</i> signaling axis to suppress <i>H. pylori</i>-triggered inflammatory response and pyroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"5469236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9307406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atorvastatin Rapidly Reduces Hepatitis B Viral Load in Combination with Tenofovir: A Prospective Clinical Trial.","authors":"M Gharehbeglou,&nbsp;S Yazdani,&nbsp;K White,&nbsp;M R Haeri,&nbsp;N Masoumzadeh","doi":"10.1155/2022/3443813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3443813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Method: </strong>In this single-blind clinical trial, 40 patients with active chronic hepatitis B were randomly allocated to treatment or control groups. The treatment group received the standard treatment for chronic HBV (300 mg tenofovir twice a day) along with 40 mg/day atorvastatin for 12 months, while the control group received a placebo once daily in addition to the standard tenofovir regimen. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HBV DNA copy numbers were measured at the beginning of the treatment and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One month after starting the treatment, the HBV copy number in the atorvastatin + tenofovir-treated group was significantly lower, by 200×, compared with the control group. After three months of the treatment, there was no detectable HBV DNA in 50% of the atorvastatin + tenofovir-treated group compared with 30% in the control group. The half-life of plasma viral load was 2.03 and 3.32 months in the atorvastatin + tenofovir-treated and control groups, respectively. No adverse events due to taking atorvastatin were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combination of atorvastatin with tenofovir increased antiviral activity and led to a faster recovery from viral infection. Therefore, this modality can be recommended as a safe combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"3443813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9303483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of New 2-Thioxoimidazolidin-4-one Compounds against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Clinical Strains and Immunological Markers' Combinations.","authors":"Hanan Tariq Subhi,&nbsp;Hiwa Ramadhan Fatah,&nbsp;Hanaa Ali Muhammad","doi":"10.1155/2022/6720241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6720241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the structure-activity relationship indicates that the 4-thioxoimidazolidin ring is essential for antibacterial activities and pharmaceutical applications, there were no enough studies on the derivatives of this compound. Evaluating the new hydantoin compounds C5 (3-((2-bromobenzylidene) amino)-2- thioxoimidazolidin-4-one) and C6 (3-((4- methoxybenzylidene) amino)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one) that were prepared against clinical <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates for antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antihemagglutination activities is the aim of this study. Therefore, the potential clinical resistance of the strains was evaluated by their ability to form biofilms, antibiotic resistance, and agglutinate erythrocytes macroscopically and microscopically; besides, the bacterial biofilm was screened for any association with the patient's serum immunoglobulin levels and complements. Despite the effective concentration for C5 and C6 compounds, which is ≤ 31.25 <i>μ</i>g/ml, the reduction rate is not concentration-dependent; it depends on the molecular docking of the hydantoin compounds. Hence, the effect of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) is variable. In this study, the results for the compounds (with the concentration of 31.25-62.5 <i>μ</i>g/mL for C5 and 62.5-125 <i>μ</i>g/mL for C6) significantly manifest the antibacteria, antibiofilm, and antihemagglutination effects against the virulent strains of <i>S. aureus</i> due to the high percentage of biofilm inhibition that was caused by the new hydantoin compounds. Besides, time-kill kinetics studies showed that these compounds pose bactericidal action. Overall, this study revealed that the new hydantoin derivatives have an interesting potential as new antibacterial drugs through the inhibition of bacterial adhesion. The infections of these isolates activate the complement system through the lectin pathway. Nevertheless, these compounds can be improved in order to be used at even lower concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"6720241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9300335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40549336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Transmission, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> among Mothers and Their Neonates in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Belayneh Regasa Dadi,&nbsp;Mulatu Sime,&nbsp;Mohamed Seid,&nbsp;Dagimawie Tadesse,&nbsp;Munira Siraj,&nbsp;Dagninet Alelign,&nbsp;Zerihun Solomon","doi":"10.1155/2022/8163396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8163396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality by increasing intrauterine infection or vertical transmission at the time of birth. Despite many efforts to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission, GBS remains the main cause of serious disease (neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and/or pneumonia) in vulnerable newborns during the first week of life. This study aimed to assess vertical transmission, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of GBS among pregnant women and their neonates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers and their neonates from February to May 2021. A total of 201 pregnant women with their neonates participated in this study. A well-designed questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. A vaginal swab from mother before delivery and neonatal nasal and ear canal swab samples were taken as soon as after delivery within 30 minutes. Vaginal swabs, neonatal ear canal, and nasal swabs were placed into Todd-Hewitt broth and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours at 35-37°C in 5% CO₂ conditions and then subcultured on 5% sheep blood agar for 18-48 hours. Presumptive identification of GBS was made by morphology, Gram stain, catalase, and hemolytic activity on sheep blood agar plates. CAMP and bacitracin susceptibility tests were used as confirmatory tests for GBS. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. <i>P</i> value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vertical transmission rates of GBS (mother to neonates) were 11.9%. The prevalence of GBS among pregnant women and newborns was 24/201 (11.9%) (95% CI = 7.5-16.9) and 11/201 (5.5%) (95% CI = 2.5-9.0), respectively. The history of prolonged rupture of membranes (AOR = 3.5, CI = 2.2-18.8) and urinary tract infection (AOR = 2.9, CI = 1.7-16.3) were associated factors for maternal GBS colonization. Gestational age of <37 weeks (<i>p</i>=0.008), low birth weight of <2.5 kg (<i>p</i>=0.001), and maternal history of vaginal discharge (<i>p</i>=0.048) were associated factors for neonatal GBS colonization. Low antibiotic resistance was observed for erythromycin 8.6%, clindamycin 5.7%, and chloramphenicol 2.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, high vertical transmission (mother to neonates) rate was observed. The prevalence of vaginal GBS colonization of women at delivery was 11.9% and significantly associated with the history of prolonged rupture of membranes and urinary tract infections. Gestational age of <37 weeks, low birth weight of <2.5 kg, and maternal history of vaginal discharge were associated with neonatal GBS colonization. Hence, there is a need for antenatal culture-based GBS screening, risk factor-based interventions, and regular follow-up of drug resistance patterns for proper treatment and management of GBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8163396"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9293564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40524958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of the Colloidal Gold Immunochromatography of Cryptococcal Antigen on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Cryptococcosis.","authors":"Ning Zhu,&nbsp;Shanhong Lin,&nbsp;Xingbei Weng,&nbsp;Weijie Sun,&nbsp;Xueqin Chen","doi":"10.1155/2022/7876030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7876030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the colloidal gold immunochromatography method in the detection of <i>Cryptococcus</i> antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 111 patients with clinically suspected PC who were finally diagnosed with nonhuman immunodeficiency virus infection and hospitalized in the Ningbo First Hospital from March 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All the confirmed cases were divided into two groups as follows: the PC group (33 cases) and the non-PC group (78 cases). All the patients were subjected to serum and BALF cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen-lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (CrAg-LFA) and etiological culturing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the PC group, serum CrAg-LFA was positive for 24 and negative for 9 cases, serum <i>Cryptococcus</i> culture was positive for 1 and negative for 32 cases, BALF CrAg-LFA was positive for 31 and negative for 2 cases, and BALF <i>Cryptococcus</i> culture was positive for 9 and negative for 24 cases. In the non-PC group, serum CrAg-LFA was positive for 1 and negative for 77 cases, serum culture was negative in all the cases, and both BALF CrAg-LFA and culture were negative in all the cases. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of BALF CrAg-LFA for PC diagnosis were 93.9%, 100%, and 98.2%, respectively, whereas those of BALF culture were 27.3%, 100%, and 78.4%, respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of BALF CrAg-LFA were higher than that of serum CrAg-LFA and BALF etiological culture with statistically significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diagnostic value of BALF CrAg-LFA for PC is superior to that of serum CrAg-LFA and BALF etiological culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"7876030"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9288310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40606901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Exposure from a Healthcare Worker to Patients in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).","authors":"Maria Casalino,&nbsp;Thivia Jegathesan,&nbsp;Michael Sgro,&nbsp;Elizabeth Rea,&nbsp;Matthew Muller,&nbsp;Douglas M Campbell","doi":"10.1155/2022/2659883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2659883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nosocomial spread of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> from a healthcare worker with infectious pulmonary tuberculosis disease to patients remains a risk in the healthcare environment, including neonatal intensive care units. In this paper, we outlined a protocol for neonates exposed to tuberculosis in a neonatal intensive care unit that includes skin testing, chest X-ray imaging, and prophylactic isoniazid. Neonatal patients were followed up with tuberculosis skin testing at both three months corrected age and two months postexposure. To our knowledge, this is the first Canadian study to illustrate a protocol following tuberculosis exposure in a neonatal intensive care unit for exposed neonates.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"2659883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9259362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40507161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Hemodialysis in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran: Prevalence and Mutations within the S Region.","authors":"Narges Eslami,&nbsp;Vahdat Poortahmasebi,&nbsp;Javid Sadeghi,&nbsp;Reza Ghotaslou,&nbsp;Bahram Niknafs,&nbsp;Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi,&nbsp;Mahin Ahangar Oskouee","doi":"10.1155/2022/3838857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3838857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regardless of the extensive screening for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemodialysis (HD) patients are still severely at the risk of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), especially in developing countries. OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA with undetectable HBsAg in the liver and/or Serum. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OBI in HD patients in Tabriz Province, northwest of Iran, and inquire about the mutations in the detected HBsAg. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, ELISA method assessed serum and plasma samples of 118 HBsAg-negative patients undergoing HD treatment for HBV serological markers (HBsAg and Anti-HBc). Specific primers by nested polymerase chain reaction have been utilized to examine HBV DNA; also, direct sequencing of surface genes was carried out to characterize the viral genotypes and S gene mutations. Finally, followed by real-time PCR, the quantity of viral load in OBI-positive patients was determined. A total of 118 HD patients were included (63.6% were male and 36.4% female), with an overall mean age of 60.8 ± 12.8 years old. The prevalence of antihepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc) in the study population was 26.3% (31/118). Five patients (4.2%) were positive for HBV DNA and labeled OBI-positive; their plasma HBV-DNA load was less than 100 IU/ml. Following the phylogenetic analysis, the samples with OBI roughly belonged to genotype D, subtype ayw2 and only two had mutations within the S 'gene's major hydrophilic region (MHR), including T123I, C124F, and P127T. This study reports the prevalence of OBI in the HBsAg-negative HD patients being at a rate of 4.2%, which can be a clinically vital consideration in this region. HBV serologic screening approaches need to be renewed to cover nucleic acid testing in the setting of hemodialysis and all the other high-risk groups associated with it (i.e., blood and organ donors).</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"3838857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9256460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenemase Production and Detection of Colistin-Resistant Genes in Clinical Isolates of <i>Escherichia Coli</i> from the Ho Teaching Hospital, Ghana.","authors":"John Gameli Deku,&nbsp;Kwabena Obeng Duedu,&nbsp;Godsway Edem Kpene,&nbsp;Silas Kinanyok,&nbsp;Patrick Kwame Feglo","doi":"10.1155/2022/1544624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1544624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective and successful treatment of infectious diseases is a significant gain in clinical settings. However, resistance to antibiotics, especially the last-resort medicines, including carbapenems and colistin is on the rise.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study was to detect carbapenemase production and colistin-resistant genes in clinical isolates of <i>Escherichia coli. Method</i>. The study was a cross-sectional study carried out from July 2018 to June 2019. One hundred and thirty-five nonrepetitive <i>E. coli</i> isolates obtained from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenemase production using meropenem (10 <i>μ</i>g) and imipenem (10 <i>μ</i>g) disks. Screened-positive isolates were further subjected to a confirmatory test using modified carbapenem inhibition method (mCIM). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from all the isolates to detect colistin-resistant genes by polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 8.00 for Windows and IBM SPSS version 26 (IMB Corp. New York, USA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 135 isolates, 2 were screened positive for carbapenemase production but tested negative to mCIM. With the colistin-resistant genes, only <i>mcr-1</i> and <i>mcr-</i>2_700bp were detected in 3 of the <i>E. coli</i> isolates, representing 2.2%. The <i>mcr-1</i> was detected in a high vaginal swab sample of a female aged between 65 and 84 years. <i>Mcr-</i>2_700bp was also detected in urine and blood samples of the patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study investigated the presence of carbapenemase and colistin-resistant genes in <i>E. coli</i> organisms. The absence of carbapenemase in the isolates and the detection of colistin-genes call for strict infection prevention and control practices to prevent their introduction and spread to other bacterial species, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"1544624"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9252719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Hand Hygiene Practices among the Healthcare Workers in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Abdullahel Amaan,&nbsp;Sanjoy Kumer Dey,&nbsp;Khainoor Zahan","doi":"10.1155/2022/7688778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7688778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare workers' (HCWs) hands become progressively colonized with potential pathogens during their patient care and act as a vehicle for transmission of microorganisms to other patients. Hand hygiene is undisputedly one of the most effective infection control measures. The objective of this study was to measure the hand hygiene (HH) compliance among the doctors and nurses before and after intervention. <i>Methodology</i>. This quasi-experimental (before and after) study was conducted from July 2019 to July 2020 in the neonatal intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. The doctors and nurses were observed for their compliance to HH before and after the intervention. Several group discussions were arranged, and posters on HH were attached as reminders at the workstations during the intervention period. Binary logistic regression analysis of the predictors for the outcome as HH noncompliance was performed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The overall compliance to HH was significantly increased in both before (from 42.9 to 83.8%, <i>p</i>=<0.0001) and after (28.5 to 95.9%, <i>p</i>=<0.000) patient contact, in both the case of high-risk and low-risk contacts (<i>p</i>=<0.000) following the intervention. A significant reduction in the frequency of inadequate HH (20.2 to 9.7%, <i>p</i> = .000) was documented. In logistic regression analysis, compliance to HH was found more after the intervention (aOR = 13.315, 95% CI: 7.248-24.458). Similarly, being a physician (aOR = 0.012, 95% CI: 0.005-0.030) and moments after patient contact (aOR = 0.114, 95% CI: 0.049-0.261), significant positive predictors for compliance to HH were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant improvements in HH compliance were achieved through a systemic, multidimensional intervention approach among the doctors and nurses in an intensive newborn care setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"7688778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9252715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40477592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> May Cause Patients to Develop Polymicrobial Bloodstream Infection.","authors":"Qingqing Chen,&nbsp;Zhencang Zheng,&nbsp;Qingxin Shi,&nbsp;Huijuan Wu,&nbsp;Yuping Li,&nbsp;Cheng Zheng","doi":"10.1155/2022/8368578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8368578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of polymicrobial bloodstream infections is increasing, the clinical characteristics of polymicrobial <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> bloodstream infections (AB-BSI) are unclear, and there are no reports of polymicrobial AB-BSI in mainland China. Therefore, our objective was to identify the clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of polymicrobial AB-BSI versus monomicrobial AB-BSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective survey of all patients with AB-BSI from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, and their clinical data were collected and analyzed by reviewing electronic medical records. All data were compared and analyzed between groups of monomicrobial and polymicrobial AB-BSI. Risk factors for polymicrobial AB-BSI were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 204 patients were included, of which 39 (19.1%) were patients with polymicrobial AB-BSI. The main sources of the pathogenicity of polymicrobial <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> bloodstream infections were skin and soft tissue (38.5% vs. 16.4%, <i>p</i>=0.002). Resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam as an independent factor for polymicrobial AB-BSI was found in multivariate analysis. Patients with polymicrobial AB-BSI had longer hospital stays compared to those with monomicrobial AB-BSI. However, there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Polymicrobial AB-BSI accounted for a significant proportion among all AB-BSI, and it did not influence mortality but was related to slightly longer total hospital stays. Multidrug resistance was associated with the development of polymicrobial AB-BSI but does not directly lead to polymicrobial AB-BSI, whereas resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam was highly correlated with polymicrobial AB-BSI. Therefore, while treating <i>A. baumannii</i> bloodstream infections, clinicians cannot ignore the multidrug-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i>, especially piperacillin/tazobactam-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i>, which may predispose to the development of polymicrobial AB-BSI.</p>","PeriodicalId":520793,"journal":{"name":"The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale","volume":" ","pages":"8368578"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9249487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}