Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)最新文献

Physiology in Perspective- July 2025. 生理学透视- 2025年7月。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00022.2025

Nikki Forrester

引用次数: 0

Structures and Molecular Mechanisms of Insect Odorant and Gustatory Receptors. 昆虫嗅觉和味觉受体的结构和分子机制。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2025

Xiangnan Zhang, Demin Ma, Jiangqin Wang, Nannan Su, Jiangtao Guo

引用次数: 0

Growth hormone and IGF-1 actions in the brain and neuropsychiatric diseases. 生长激素和IGF-1在大脑和神经精神疾病中的作用。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00009.2025

Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira, Margaret C S Boguszewski, Diego Luiz Rovaris, Jose Donato

{"title":"Growth hormone and IGF-1 actions in the brain and neuropsychiatric diseases.","authors":"Manuel H Aguiar-Oliveira, Margaret C S Boguszewski, Diego Luiz Rovaris, Jose Donato","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00009.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00009.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland under the control of hypothalamic neuroendocrine neurons that express somatostatin or growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). Ghrelin, originating primarily in the stomach, is also an important GH secretagogue. GH stimulates the hepatic secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the expression of IGF-1 in extra-hepatic tissues, including the brain. Many regions of the brain express receptors for GH, IGF-1, and ghrelin. In recent decades, evidence from both human and animal studies has indicated that GH, IGF-1, and ghrelin regulate numerous brain functions. Alterations in the secretion or sensitivity to these hormones may represent risk factors for developing neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's) and neuropsychiatric conditions (such as depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder). Additionally, classical neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may also be influenced by somatotropic hormones. This review aims to summarize and discuss the emerging role of GH and IGF-1 in influencing brain function and the predisposition to brain diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders.","PeriodicalId":520753,"journal":{"name":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Physiology Behind the Epidemiology of Heat-Related Health Impacts. 热相关健康影响流行病学背后的生理学。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2025

Daniel Gagnon, Zachary J Schlader, Ollie Jay

{"title":"The Physiology Behind the Epidemiology of Heat-Related Health Impacts.","authors":"Daniel Gagnon, Zachary J Schlader, Ollie Jay","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00012.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00012.2025","url":null,"abstract":"A direct consequence of climate change is the intensification of hot weather and extreme heat events that are epidemiologically associated with a greater risk of heat-related illnesses and other adverse health outcomes, often resulting in subsequent hospital admissions and mortality. The health risks associated with hot weather directly arise from the body's physiological responses (i.e., heat strain) to heat exposure. The magnitude of heat strain experienced, and the extent of heat strain required to cause an adverse health outcome can be modulated by personal characteristics and the adoption of protective behaviors. This review presents the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the epidemiological association between heat exposure and a greater risk of heat illnesses (e.g., heat exhaustion, heatstroke), adverse cardiovascular events, and acute kidney injury or failure. These mechanisms are framed within the larger context that defines heat-related health risks, and we provide examples and perspectives of how physiologists are uniquely positioned to contribute to risk-reduction and adaptation efforts to protect humans against the adverse health impacts of heat, while maintaining optimum well-being and performance.","PeriodicalId":520753,"journal":{"name":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiology in Perspective. 生理学透视- 2025年7月。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00014.2025

Nikki Forrester

引用次数: 0

From cells to selves and back: human neurodiversity at single cell resolution. 从细胞到自我再回来：单细胞分辨率下的人类神经多样性。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00010.2025

Manuel Lessi, Nicolò Caporale, Giuseppe Testa

{"title":"From cells to selves and back: human neurodiversity at single cell resolution.","authors":"Manuel Lessi, Nicolò Caporale, Giuseppe Testa","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00010.2025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00010.2025","url":null,"abstract":"Human brain development is characterized by a complex cellular and molecular landscape, which vary both within and between individuals. Here we explore the transformative impact of single-cell omics technologies on our understanding of human neurodiversity and neurocomplexity. We trace historical progressions of cellular and molecular biology, highlighting the cell as a pivotal \"place holder\" for biological inquiry, as a basis to better understand the current revolution of single-cell profiling enabling the study of individual genomes and environmental interactions at unprecedented resolution. Starting from the challenges of defining cell types and states within neurodevelopment, we emphasize the significance of moving beyond categorical distinctions to understand the molecular basis of inter-individual neurodiversity, including genetics, environment, and developmental stochasticity. We introduce the concept of \"in vitro epidemiology\", leveraging brain organoids and multiplexing approaches to model population-scale cohorts in vitro and thus enabling the dissection of gene-environment interactions at single-cell resolution. We further discuss technical advancements and computational methodologies that are driving the field forward, including the efforts to create comprehensive cell atlases of the human brain and the emerging challenges in data integration and analysis. Finally, we anticipate future perspectives for single-cell studies and brain organoids in advancing our understanding of neurobiology, and cell-based strategies for drug discovery and personalized treatment.","PeriodicalId":520753,"journal":{"name":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular and Inflammatory Etiologies of ß Cell Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes. 1型糖尿病ß细胞功能障碍的分子和炎症病因。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2025

Cameron R Rostron, Carmella Evans-Molina

引用次数: 0

The immunopathophysiology of organ fibrosis: From mechanisms to immunotherapies. 器官纤维化的免疫病理生理学：从机制到免疫治疗。

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00063.2024

Jingyi He, Irina Ferapontova, Jing Chen, Masamichi Ito, Takayuki Isagawa, Norihiko Takeda, Christian Stockmann

{"title":"The immunopathophysiology of organ fibrosis: From mechanisms to immunotherapies.","authors":"Jingyi He, Irina Ferapontova, Jing Chen, Masamichi Ito, Takayuki Isagawa, Norihiko Takeda, Christian Stockmann","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00063.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00063.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Fibrosis is the ultimate outcome of various chronic diseases that affect multiple organs, including the liver, lungs, heart, and kidneys. This pathological process is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by activated myofibroblasts in response to chronic injury, as part of a degenerative process of dysregulated tissue repair. While numerous pathways have been implicated in the development of fibrosis, the precise mechanisms that drive and exacerbate organ fibrosis remain inconclusive. Consequently, there are currently very limited treatments for organ fibrosis. In recent years, immune cells have been identified as critical mediators of the fibrotic cascade, capable of inducing tissue damage or promoting repair. Harnessing immune cells and immunotherapeutic approaches to intervene in the fibrotic process is a promising avenue towards new treatment options. In this review, we explore the pathophysiology of fibrosis in various organs, with a specific focus on the role of immune cells in both the development and regression of fibrosis as well as the latest preclinical findings with relation to immunotherapeutic treatment approaches. Understanding the role of immune responses in fibrotic diseases will aid in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies that target key pro-fibrotic cytokines and immune cells, with the aim of preventing fibrosis or promoting its regression.","PeriodicalId":520753,"journal":{"name":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carotid Body Inflammation: Role in Hypoxia and in the Anti-inflammatory Reflex. 颈动脉体炎症:在缺氧和抗炎反射中的作用。

IF 8.4

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Epub Date: 2021-12-06 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00031.2021

Rodrigo Iturriaga, Rodrigo Del Rio, Julio Alcayaga

引用次数: 10

Physiological Impact of Hypothermia: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. 体温过低的生理影响:好的、坏的和丑陋的。

IF 8.4

Physiology (Bethesda, Md.) Pub Date : 2022-03-01 Epub Date: 2021-10-11 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00025.2021

Torkjel Tveita, Gary C Sieck

{"title":"Physiological Impact of Hypothermia: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly.","authors":"Torkjel Tveita, Gary C Sieck","doi":"10.1152/physiol.00025.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00025.2021","url":null,"abstract":"Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature of <35°C, and as body temperature is reduced the impact on physiological processes can be beneficial or detrimental. The beneficial effect of hypothermia enables circulation of cooled experimental animals to be interrupted for 1-2 h without creating harmful effects, while tolerance of circulation arrest in normothermia is between 4 and 5 min. This striking difference has attracted so many investigators, experimental as well as clinical, to this field, and this discovery was fundamental for introducing therapeutic hypothermia in modern clinical medicine in the 1950s. Together with the introduction of cardiopulmonary bypass, therapeutic hypothermia has been the cornerstone in the development of modern cardiac surgery. Therapeutic hypothermia also has an undisputed role as a protective agent in organ transplantation and as a therapeutic adjuvant for cerebral protection in neonatal encephalopathy. However, the introduction of therapeutic hypothermia for organ protection during neurosurgical procedures or as a scavenger after brain and spinal trauma has been less successful. In general, the best neuroprotection seems to be obtained by avoiding hyperthermia in injured patients. Accidental hypothermia occurs when endogenous temperature control mechanisms are incapable of maintaining core body temperature within physiologic limits and core temperature becomes dependent on ambient temperature. During hypothermia spontaneous circulation is considerably reduced and with deep and/or prolonged cooling, circulatory failure may occur, which may limit safe survival of the cooled patient. Challenges that limit safe rewarming of accidental hypothermia patients include cardiac arrhythmias, uncontrolled bleeding, and \"rewarming shock.\"","PeriodicalId":520753,"journal":{"name":"Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)","volume":" ","pages":"69-87"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39504506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10