Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)最新文献

{"title":"The HSE indicator tool, psychological distress and work ability.","authors":"S Guidi,&nbsp;S Bagnara,&nbsp;G P Fichera","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) indicator tool is one of the most commonly used tools for assessing the risk of work-related stress. Few studies, however, have investigated whether and how its scales are related to psychological distress or other work-related health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the relationship between the HSE indicator tool, psychological distress, as measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12, and work ability, assessed by the Work Ability Index (WAI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All the employees of a mid-sized bank in Italy were asked to fill in an anonymous cross-sectional questionnaire. The questionnaire was structured in four sections: the first one comprised socio-demographic questions and the other three corresponded, respectively, to the Italian translations of the GHQ-12, the HSE and the WAI questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four hundred and thirteen employees completed the questionnaire. The response rate was 99%. Controlling for age and gender, the indicator subscales were negatively associated with the adopted measures of psychological distress and work ability. The GHQ score was also highly correlated with the WAI score and able to explain ≈ 47% of its variance. The only subscale that was still significantly associated with the WAI after removing the effect of psychological distress was 'control'.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study presents new evidence for the validity of the HSE indicator tool to estimate the risk of work-related stress and suggests that most but not all the effects of psychosocial conditions on work ability might be mediated by the level of psychological distress induced by these conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"203-9"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40142460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What clinical records should we retain and for how long?","authors":"Ian Torrance","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqr203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"162-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqr203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39971123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Dr Gibson's article; mining remains a hazardous occupation.","authors":"Douglas Scarisbrick","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39972312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective relationships between workplace sexual harassment and psychological distress.","authors":"M B Nielsen,&nbsp;S Einarsen","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exposure to workplace sexual harassment (SH) has been associated with impaired mental health, but longitudinal studies confirming the relationship are lacking.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine gender differences in prospective associations between SH and psychological distress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Baseline questionnaire survey data were collected in 2005 in a representative sample of Norwegian employees. Follow-up data were collected in 2007. SH was measured with the Bergen Sexual Harassment Scale. Psychological distress was measured with the 25 item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25) with cases of psychological distress defined as having a mean score of <1.75. Variables were measured at both baseline and follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Response rates were 57% in 2005 and 75% in 2007 when the final cohort comprised 1775 respondents. After adjusting for baseline distress and age, exposure to SH at baseline was associated with psychological distress at follow-up among women [odds ratio (OR): 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-3.39] but not men (OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.72-2.43). Baseline distress was significantly related to SH at follow-up among men (OR: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.74-5.26) but not women (OR: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.69-1.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study found that SH contributed to subsequent psychological distress among women. Workplace measures against SH would be expected to lead to a reduction in mental disorders. The finding that psychological distress predicts SH among men may indicate either a vulnerability factor or a negative perception mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"226-8"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40142459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How I use it: search engines.","authors":"Nicola Cordell","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs018","url":null,"abstract":"The strength and at the same time the challenge of the Internet is the vast amount of free information available, which continues to expand exponentially. The surface web is the part of the web most people browse and although large, covers only a fraction of the available information in the World Wide Web. Even just using the surface web, it is impossible to find information without either knowing the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for a specific web page or using a search engine. Search engines such as Google or Alta Vista are programs designed to retrieve data published on the web. They work by sending out spiders or webcrawlers to fetch as many documents relating to keywords. The information on the Internet sites is then coded by a subsequent program and indexes it in a database (like filing books or journals in a library). These program using metatags created using HyperText Markup Language (html) related to keywords to ensure the data is retrievable when a specific search is requested by someone using the search engine. Algorithms are used to direct the search and rank the information with the assumption that increased frequency and location of keywords have higher relevance in a search than those with keywords being used less frequently or not in a prime location on the website. Metasearch engines such as Dogpile and Metacrawler are a special type of search engine that don’t create their own database but are programmed to search other search engine databases to provide broader searches. It should be noted that some search engines such as Google and Northern Light do not allow metasearching of their databases. When using search engines, it is useful to know what databases they are searching to ensure that the relevant data you require is accessible through that search engine. The deep web refers to the content that is contained in searchable databases but can’t be accessed by the spiders used by normal search engines. These include library databases, commercial andspecialized technical databases that may be indexed by people attaching specific metadata tags. Some metasearch engines such as Complete Planet and Pipl (which specifically searches for people on the deep web) are now overcoming these technological barriers to provide deeper searches in response to a query.","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"233-4"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39972542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The RMS Titanic.","authors":"Ken Addley,&nbsp;Paul McKeagney","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs015","url":null,"abstract":"In ‘The RMS Titanic’, the authors explore the story of the famous Titanic cruise liner. They reflect on the magnitude of the ship, along with the hazardous conditions of its construction, among other things.","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"165-6"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39971647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tools for appraisal and revalidation--evaluation of regionally delivered workshops.","authors":"M G Braithwaite,&nbsp;R Thornton","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advent of revalidation has created a need for occupational physicians to be provided with further advice on the preparation of their supporting information. A road show was delivered to the Society of Occupational Medicine (SOM) regional groups to meet the need. The objective of the road show was to improve delegates' confidence in the selection and development of supporting information for appraisal and revalidation by assembling a collection of tools.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To provide internal evaluation of the effectiveness of the road show.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The audience voting software Turning Point(®) was used to gather delegates' responses to various questions on their opinion and confidence self-rating. Data were then collated from all iterations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty per cent of delegates became more confident in the selection and development of supporting information for appraisal and revalidation, with the improvement in rating scores being highly significant (P < 0.001). The importance of audit and the use of self-reflective were emphasized.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Internal validation using Turning Point(®) was most useful. This was the first time that the SOM had used a road show format to deliver an educational topic. The road show format was successful, and other similar topics would benefit from a similar delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"220-2"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40143625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to psychosocial work factors in 31 European countries.","authors":"I Niedhammer,&nbsp;H Sultan-Taïeb,&nbsp;J-F Chastang,&nbsp;G Vermeylen,&nbsp;A Parent-Thirion","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although psychosocial work factors are recognized as major occupational risk factors, little information is available regarding the prevalence of exposure to these factors and the differences in exposure between countries.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore the differences in various psychosocial work exposures between 31 European countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was based on a sample of 14,881 male and 14,799 female workers from the 2005 European Working Conditions Survey. Eighteen psychosocial work factors were studied: low decision latitude (skill discretion and decision authority), high psychological demands, job strain, low social support, iso-strain, physical violence, sexual harassment, bullying, discrimination, work-family imbalance, long working hours, high effort, job insecurity, low job promotion, low reward and effort-reward imbalance. Covariates were age, number of workers in household, occupation, economic activity, self-employed/employee, public/private sector and part/full time work. Statistical analysis was performed using multilevel logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in all psychosocial work factors were observed between countries. The rank of the countries varied according to the exposure considered. However, some countries, especially Denmark, Netherlands and Norway, displayed a significantly lower prevalence of exposure to four factors or more, while some Southern and Eastern countries, especially Czech Republic, Greece, Lithuania and Turkey, had a higher prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in psychosocial work exposures were found between countries. This study is the first to compare a large set of psychosocial work exposures between 31 European countries. These findings may be useful to guide prevention policies at European level.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"196-202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40143626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Military hierarchy, job stress and mental health in peacetime.","authors":"L C X Martins,&nbsp;C S Lopes","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqs006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most studies of mental health in the armed forces focus primarily on post-traumatic stress disorders among military personnel in combat situations.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) and job stress, and the association between the two, among military personnel in peacetime. Additionally, it sought to identify occupational subgroups with higher prevalences of CMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study participants were 506 military personnel from a Brazilian army directorate in Rio de Janeiro City. CMD were evaluated using the 12-item version General Health Questionnaire. Job characteristics were measured using the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model and by categories of military rank. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were estimated by Poisson regression to obtain robust (95%) confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of CMD was 33% (95% CI 29-37). After adjusting for age, education, income, lifestyle and other occupational characteristics, ERI was associated with CMD (PR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.3-3.1). Overcommitment proved to be an important component of job stress. Independently of socio-economic, demographic, lifestyle and job stress variables, the rank of lieutenant associated strongly with CMD (PR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.2-4 0.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that job stress among armed forces personnel is associated with CMD. In addition, the specific occupational characteristics of the military environment can lead to a higher prevalence of CMD among those holding the rank of lieutenant.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"182-7"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqs006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40150152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unhealthy and healthy weight control behaviours among bus operators.","authors":"K H Escoto,&nbsp;S A French","doi":"10.1093/occmed/kqr178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqr178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urban bus operators are an occupational group with high rates of overweight and obesity. Understanding methods bus operators use for weight control may be important; there may be increased risk for these workers to engage in less healthy weight management behaviours due to stressful working conditions.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the prevalence of unhealthy and healthy weight control behaviours used by bus operators and examine associations between use of unhealthy weight control behaviours and work-related and sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bus operators from four different transit garages were invited to complete a self-administered survey; height and weight were measured by research staff. Unhealthy and healthy weight control behaviours, work hours, work schedule and social support were measured with self-report items on the employee survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 60% of bus operators endorsed at least one unhealthy method; over 50% reported skipping meals, 30% fasted and 10% reported taking diet pills in the past year. Bus operator gender, race, body mass index status and hours worked per week showed significant associations with using at least one unhealthy weight control behaviour.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Worksite interventions should emphasize the benefit of healthy eating and physical activity but should also address the use of less healthy methods for weight control for individuals employed in transportation occupations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520727,"journal":{"name":"Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)","volume":" ","pages":"138-40"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/occmed/kqr178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40133468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}