Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Developmental Language Disorder in Bilingual Children: An Accurate and Time-Efficient Combination of Language Measurements.","authors":"Lotte Van den Eynde, Pieter De Clercq, Ellen Rombouts, Maaike Vandermosten, Inge Zink","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study addresses the challenge of identifying developmental language disorder (DLD) in bilingual children. Despite the broad range of language measurements documented in the literature, their individual contribution to a DLD diagnosis remains unclear. Administrating a high number of tests will yield a holistic child view, but it needs to be reconciled with a time-efficient protocol that is feasible in clinical practice. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the accuracy and time efficiency of a comprehensive set of measurements, through cross-validated machine learning.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In 50 typically developing bilingual children and 50 bilingual children with DLD aged between 5 and 9 years, background measurements were assessed including hearing, intelligence, language experiences, and socioeconomic status. Alongside standardized language tests, a parental questionnaire on home language, narrative tasks, a nonword repetition task, and a cognitive inhibition task were administered. Both group differences and individual performance were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group differences were observed across most measurements. The most accurate and time-efficient protocol combined four measurements, including sentence repetition, nonword repetition, the parental questionnaire, and the task measuring semantic and morphosyntactic comprehension, achieving 90% classification accuracy. Notably, adding more measurements to the protocol did not enhance accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This data-driven analysis selected the measurements that are most contributive in identifying DLD in bilingual children. This language assessment protocol successfully combines time efficiency with high accuracy to diagnose DLD, resulting in a useful and feasible protocol for speech-language pathologists in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29522192.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Explanatory Model of Speech Communication Centered on Multiscale Rhythmic Modulation: Implications for Motor Speech Assessment and Intervention for Individuals With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.","authors":"Panying Rong, Erin Liston","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study proposed an explanatory model of speech communication centered on multiscale rhythmic modulation to inform motor speech assessment and management. To these ends, a fit-for-purpose, automated measurement tool was used to evaluate and/or cross-validate (a) the previously reported effect of a neuromotor disorder-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-and (b) the effects of two cueing strategies, commonly used in managing motor speech disorders, on rhythmic modulation of speech.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A secondary analysis was carried out on the X-ray Microbeam database. The analyzed data included the articulatory-kinematic and acoustic recordings of a phonetically loaded sentence produced by 19 individuals with ALS and 23 neurologically healthy controls in one habitual style and two nonhabitual styles as elicited by the slow and clear speech cues, respectively. The measurement tool quantified the modulation patterns of four articulators as well as four critical-band and one wide-band envelopes at three linguistically relevant timescales (delta, theta, beta/gamma) to assess rhythm control at the prosodic, syllabic, and subsyllabic levels. To address the research aims, the disease and speaking style effects on all modulation metrics were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For Aim 1, speakers with ALS showed reduced modulation depth of multiple articulators and critical-band envelopes at all timescales. For Aim 2, the slow speech cue elicited changes in articulatory modulation at multiple timescales, globally enhancing the control of all and especially syllabic and subsyllabic rhythms in speakers with ALS. Clear speech primarily elicited changes in articulatory modulation at the theta timescale, generating a more restricted effect on syllabic rhythm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings generally aligned with our prior research, supporting the robust utility of the measurement tool for assessing rhythmic disturbances of speakers with ALS. Moreover, this tool showed promise for delineating cueing-elicited changes in rhythmic modulation of speech, which has potential implications in tailoring and evaluating the outcomes of behavioral intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perception of (Trans)masculinity in Speech: Effects of Acoustic Characteristics and Rater Identity.","authors":"Benjamin Munson, Devin V Dolquist","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Gender-affirming communication services are based on studies of speech produced and perceived by cisgender men and women. The current study examined the perception of gender and gender orientation (i.e., whether someone is cisgender or transgender) in the Palette of Voices, an openly available corpus of the speech of transgender and cisgender men, by cisgender heterosexual men (CHM) and cisgender heterosexual women (CHF), and a group of gender and sexuality expansive (GSE) listeners. We examined how both the acoustic characteristics of speech and listener identity affect gender and gender orientation categorization.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants (<i>n</i> = 199) categorized the gender and gender orientation of 240 sentence productions produced by 20 male talkers in an online experiment, including tokens whose fundamental frequency (<i>F</i>0) and formant frequency scaling had been altered, and unmanipulated tokens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with previous research, productions with lower <i>F</i>0 and lower formant frequencies were more likely to be categorized as male than ones with higher <i>F</i>0s and formants. The weighting of these variables differed systematically across listener groups, with the GSE group weighting these variables less than the CHM and CHF groups when categorizing gender, but more when categorizing gender orientation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The relationship between the acoustic characteristics of a talker's speech and the categorization of their gender and gender orientation is highly variable across and within groups. The perception data and speech samples in this study are openly available. Suggestions are given for how they might be used to supplement existing gender-affirming communication services.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hearing Aids on Mandarin Voice Emotion Recognition With Bimodal Listeners.","authors":"Yuqi Xia, Lei Ren, Xuehao Zhang, Yan Huang, Chaogang Wei, Yuhe Liu","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-23-00191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-23-00191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cochlear implant (CI) listeners have deficits in emotional perception due to limited spectrotemporal fine structure. Contralateral hearing aids (HAs) carry additional acoustic cues for emotion recognition and improve the quality of life (QoL) in these individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HAs on voice emotion recognition in Mandarin-speaking bimodal adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Nineteen Mandarin-speaking bimodal adults (<i>M</i>_age = 30.63 ± 8.73 years) and 20 normal-hearing (NH) adults (<i>M</i>_age = 27.15 ± 4.61 years) completed voice emotion (happy, angry, sad, scared, and neutral) recognition and monosyllable recognition tasks. Bimodal listeners completed voice emotion recognition and monosyllable recognition tasks with bimodal listening and CI-alone listening. Health-related QoL in bimodal listeners was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acoustic analyses showed substantial variations across emotions in voice emotion utterances, mainly in measures of the mean fundamental frequency (<i>F</i>0), <i>F</i>0 range, and duration. NH listeners significantly outperformed bimodal listeners in voice emotion recognition and monosyllable recognition tasks, with significantly higher accuracy scores, Hu values, and shorter reaction times. Participants were mainly affected by <i>F</i>0 cues in the voice emotion recognition task. Bimodal listeners perceived voice emotions more accurately and faster with bimodal devices than with CI alone, suggesting improved accuracy and decreased listening effort with the addition of HAs. Voice emotion recognition accuracy was associated with residual hearing in the nonimplanted ear and monosyllable recognition accuracy in bimodal listeners. The NCIQ scores were not significantly correlated with the accuracy scores for either speech recognition or voice emotion recognition in bimodal listeners after correction for multiple comparisons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite experiencing more challenges than NH peers, Mandarin-speaking bimodal listeners showed improved voice emotion perception when using contralateral HAs. Bimodal listeners with better residual hearing in the nonimplanted ear and better speech recognition ability showed better voice emotion perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Introduction to Equivalence Testing in Jamovi for Nonsignificant Results in Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.","authors":"Christopher R Brydges, Laura Gaeta","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-22-00501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-22-00501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evidence-based data analysis methods are crucial in clinical and translational research areas, including speech-language pathology and audiology. Although commonly used, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is limited with regards to the conclusions that can be drawn from results, particularly nonsignificant findings. Equivalence testing can be used to complement NHST and imply the presence of an effect large enough to be considered as meaningful. This tutorial provides an introduction to equivalence testing using jamovi, a free graphics-based statistics package that allows researchers to conduct a wide range of statistical analyses, including equivalence testing, in a clear and easy-to-interpret manner.</p><p><strong>Method and results: </strong>Simulated examples of equivalence testing of independent-samples <i>t</i> tests, paired-samples <i>t</i> tests, and correlations were conducted in jamovi, with explanations and justifications of choosing the smallest effect size of interest and analysis options provided and statistical output explained and interpreted. These examples also demonstrate what equivalence testing can and cannot infer about a data set.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Analyses of nonsignificant results, through the use of equivalence testing, are underutilized in speech, language, and hearing research. By complementing traditional NHST analyses with equivalence testing, researchers can directly test for the presence (or absence) of an observed effect large enough that may be considered meaningful, and therefore test for both statistical significance and practical/clinical significance, which allows researchers to draw more informative conclusions from their findings and provide clearer information for clinicians and researchers in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilingualism, Speech Disfluencies, and Stuttering: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Gizem Aslan, Kurt Eggers","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00479","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This scoping review examined differences in types and/or frequency of speech disfluencies between multilingual individuals who do and do not stutter. We also examined whether language dominance and/or proficiency influences the types and frequency of speech disfluencies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. The search was conducted using inclusive search strings related to multilingualism and speech disfluencies in Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. The following information was extracted for each of the studies: general study information (authors, title, year, research field, geographic location), participant information (number of participants, types of study groups, age groups, language dyads), study method, types of collected speech samples, terms used for referring to disfluencies, the definition of the term \"disfluency,\" the types of disfluencies assessed, the proposed causal mechanism of disfluencies in multilinguals, the frequency of disfluencies, and identified group differences in disfluencies. Of the 792 records screened, 68 were included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Similar types of speech disfluencies were present in the speech of multilinguals who do and do not stutter. However, a clear difference was apparent in the frequency of stuttering-like disfluencies between groups; the frequency of other disfluencies had a similar range. Monolingual guidelines do not apply to multilingual speakers. Finally, most records reported a higher frequency of speech disfluencies in both groups' less dominant and/or proficient language.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review provides insights on assessing stuttering in multilingual clients to avoid misdiagnosis of stuttering in this population. Research into the aspects of speech disfluencies in multilingual individuals who do and do not stutter is limited, and further research is warranted to deepen our understanding of how different aspects of multilingualism influence the manifestation of speech disfluencies in both groups. Therefore, there is a strong need for a systematic and uniform approach to define and evaluate speech disfluencies in multilinguals.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.29441882.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prelinguistic Communication Complexity of Children With Neurogenetic Syndromes.","authors":"Lisa R Hamrick, Olivia Boorom, Katiana Estrada, Nancy Brady, Bridgette Kelleher","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Communication complexity and communicative function are important features of prelinguistic communication that are related to later language outcomes. However, little is known about how these early prelinguistic features present in young children with neurogenetic syndromes (NGS). This study aims to characterize prelinguistic complexity and function of children with three NGS: Angelman syndrome (AS), Down syndrome (DS) and fragile X syndrome (FXS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Seventy-two infants aged 5-31 months (16 AS, 24 DS, 13 FXS, 19 low-risk control [LRC] infants) completed a parent-child interaction from which their prelinguistic communication was coded using the Communication Complexity Scale. Communication complexity (degree to which eye gaze, gestures, and vocalizations are integrated) and function (communication for the purposes of joint attention or behavior regulation) were compared among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DS group used the most complex communication of the syndrome groups and in many ways demonstrated similar profiles to the LRC group. The AS and FXS groups exhibited the lowest overall communication complexity when covarying age, but their levels of complexity were similar to those of the LRC group when accounting for developmental level. The DS group showed a relative strength in communication for the purposes of behavior regulation. The FXS group demonstrated the lowest likelihood of using communication for the purposes of joint attention, while the AS group exhibited the lowest likelihood of communicating for the purposes of behavior regulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Children with NGS exhibit nuanced differences in prelinguistic communication profiles that indicate unique strengths and areas of need. Additional work is needed to disentangle the effects of age and developmental level on prelinguistic communication profiles and to explore how these profiles are related to later language outcomes. Continuing to explore cross-group differences in prelinguistic communication may facilitate more targeted intervention and sensitive phenotyping among children with rare NGS.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Auditory and Visual Modality in Perception of Focus in Mandarin Chinese.","authors":"Shanpeng Li, Yihan Wu, Sasha Calhoun, Mengzhu Yan","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Speech perception is a complex process that involves multiple sensory modalities. Despite our intuitions of speech as something we hear, accumulating evidence has shown that speech perception is not solely dependent on the auditory modality. While it is well established that auditory and visual cues can both help listeners perceive focus, the latter is not established in Mandarin, and the relative contribution of these cues is not established at all. The current study investigated Mandarin listeners' integration of auditory and visual cues in the interpretation of focus in noise-degraded speech, through a question-answer appropriateness rating experiment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To explore the effectiveness and relative contribution of auditory and visual modality in the interpretation of Mandarin focus, participants did a question-answer appropriateness rating task involving subject focus, object focus, and broad focus. All the question-answer pairs were constructed in three modalities: audio only, visual only, and audiovisual. They were instructed to rate the appropriateness of the question-answer pairs. A babble noise was superimposed on the audio track for the audio only and audiovisual conditions.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Although auditory cues via prosodic prominence were an effective cue to interpreting focus, visual cues were proven more effective, at least with degraded audio. Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of the interaction between linguistic cues and sensory information during language comprehension, widens the range of languages included in this body of research, and provides important implications for future studies on focus processing in various linguistic contexts and communication settings. This, in turn, will deepen our understanding of the multimodal nature of language comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Non-Oral Compensatory Misarticulations in Children With a Cleft Palate: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Combined Phonetic-Phonological Intervention.","authors":"Cassandra Alighieri, Fien Allemeersch, Febe Vandewiele, Kristiane Van Lierde","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared the effects of motor-phonetic and combined phonetic-phonological intervention on the speech, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and parent-reported intelligibility in Dutch-speaking children with cleft (lip and) palate (CP ± L) and non-oral compensatory misarticulations (CMAs).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fourteen children with CP ± L were randomly assigned to one of two interventions, that is, motor-phonetic intervention (<i>n</i> = 7, <i>M</i>_age = 7.39 years) or combined phonetic-phonological intervention (<i>n</i> = 7, <i>M</i>_age = 6.86 years) stratified by age and gender. Intervention was provided with a total duration of 1 week, a dose frequency of two sessions per day, and a session duration of 1 hr and targeted non-oral CMAs. Speech was assessed at different data points. HRQoL and intelligibility by different communication partners were assessed before and after the intervention using the VPI Effects on Life Outcomes questionnaire and the Intelligibility in Context Scale. Groups were compared over time using linear mixed models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant Time × Group effects were observed for \"non-oral CMAs\" and \"Percentage Consonants Correct-Revised for word imitation and sentence imitation.\" These outcomes improved in both groups, but improvements were significantly larger in the combined intervention group. Similar effects were observed for holistic outcomes such as speech understandability and acceptability. In the group that received the combined intervention, improvements were maintained 3 months after the intervention period, whereas in the motor-phonetic group, the initial improvements were not sustained. HRQoL and intelligibility by the child's friends and acquaintances also improved in both groups, but improvements were higher in the combined intervention group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates the superior effects of combined phonetic-phonological interventions over motor-phonetic interventions in eliminating non-oral CMAs. While motor-phonetic approaches tend to result in short-term gains, combined phonetic-phonological intervention strategies may lead to more long-lasting changes by promoting generalization. This underscores the importance of addressing both phonetic and phonological aspects of speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Head Lift and Recline Exercise Regimens on the Neuromuscular Control of Functional Swallowing in Older Adults: An Electromyography Study Revealing Potential Differential Mechanisms.","authors":"Samantha S Mitchell, Robert Brinton Fujiki, Abby J Oliver, Bruce A Craig, Georgia A Malandraki","doi":"10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2025_JSLHR-24-00790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The head lift exercise (HLE) and recline exercise (RE) are rehabilitative exercises that have been shown to elicit similar biomechanical swallowing changes in older adults. However, the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying these changes are unknown and could elucidate the physiological mechanisms these exercises target.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A randomized clinical trial with two arms-a 6-week HLE or RE regimen-was conducted. Data were collected on older adults pre- and posttreatment and at 6-week follow-up using videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSSs) and surface electromyography (sEMG). Results of the VFSS showing similar hyolaryngeal excursion gains post both regimens have been published. This follow-up study presents the sEMG data and includes data from 18 older adults (age range: 60-82 years; HLE = 9, RE = 9) from the pre- and posttreatment time points. sEMG activity measures (normalized mean amplitude, burst duration, and time to peak sEMG amplitude) were collected from submental muscles during standardized swallow tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Normalized mean amplitude, burst duration, and time to peak amplitude during swallowing did not significantly change posttreatment for either group. Post hoc correlational analysis of percent change between outcome measures from pre- to posttreatment revealed a strong negative relationship between normalized mean amplitude and time to peak amplitude for liquids (<i>r</i> = -.926, <i>p</i> = .0001) and pudding (<i>r</i> = -.901, <i>p</i> = .0001), indicating that participants who required greater levels of muscular contraction to functionally swallow posttreatment may need less time to reach that contraction level and vice versa.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In combination with the Fujiki, Oliver, Malandraki, et al. (2019) results, these findings support that older adults show improvements in anterior and superior hyoid excursion post both HLE and RE without the need for greater submental musculature contraction. The inverse relationship identified post hoc between the percent change of amplitude and time to peak amplitude may indicate different neuromuscular mechanisms for biomechanical gains and needs further exploration for future personalized treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144612781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}