Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR最新文献

{"title":"Characterizing Features of Vulnerability in Narrative Production of Cantonese-Speaking School-Aged Children With Developmental Language Disorder.","authors":"Jane Lai, Angel Chan, Sonia Hui, Man Tung Lee, Nga Yi Kong, Sabrina Wong, Sze Wing Wong, Natalia Gagarina","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Narratives show vulnerability in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) cross-linguistically. However, certain narrative measures revealing significant deficits in English and European DLD literature have been studied primarily in preschoolers, with limited evidence in school-aged children and no data in Cantonese. We examine features of vulnerability in narrative production of school-aged children learning a major Chinese language, Cantonese.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-five children with DLD (<i>M</i>_age = 9;7 [years;months]) and age-matched typically developing (TD) peers (<i>M</i>_age = 9;8) were assessed using the Cantonese Multilingual Assessment Instrument for Narratives (MAIN) in story retelling and storytelling. Their narrative competence across macrostructure, microstructure, and internal state term measures were analyzed at group and individual diagnostic accuracy levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both expressive macrostructure and microstructure showed significant TD/DLD group differences, indicating story structure (SS), story complexity (SC), syntactic complexity, and grammaticality are vulnerable in monolingual Cantonese-speaking school-aged children with DLD. No significant TD/DLD group differences were registered in number of different words, mean length of utterance, productivity measures (total number of utterances, total number of words), or internal state terms. For diagnostic accuracies, SS and syntactic complexity reached acceptable sensitivity (91.7% and 83.3%, respectively) but limited specificity (41.7% and 70.8%, respectively); SC and grammaticality showed marginal sensitivity and specificity (both 70.8%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms SS, SC, grammaticality, and syntactic complexity-but not productivity-as features of vulnerability in narrative production of Cantonese-speaking school-aged children with DLD. The exploratory diagnostic accuracy results support using narrative measures in combination with other assessments for diagnosis. Future studies should examine younger and larger samples to further document these vulnerability features and evaluate the clinical utility of narrative measures at earlier developmental stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrotemporal Processing Using the Spectral-Temporally Modulated Ripple Test and Its Relation to Cognition and Hearing Loss in Adults.","authors":"Michael R Papazian, Katelyn A Berg, Andrea J DeFreese, Terrin N Tamati, Aaron C Moberly","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-26-00465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_JSLHR-26-00465","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The three-alternative forced-choice design of the spectral-temporally modulated ripple test (SMRT) may capture both auditory and neurocognitive functioning. The relationships between neurocognitive functions and SMRT performance remain unexplored in middle-aged and older adults, as does the degree to which hearing loss may affect these relationships. This study hypothesized that better neurocognitive functions and better hearing would predict better SMRT performance and that hearing loss and neurocognitive functions would interact in contributing to SMRT performance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were collected from 81 adults recruited from a single tertiary care medical center with hearing abilities ranging from normal hearing to profound hearing loss. Relationships were examined among SMRT performance; unaided pure-tone average (PTA) at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz; age; nonverbal reasoning (Raven's Progressive Matrices [Raven's]); and short-term memory capacity (visual forward digit span).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bivariate analyses revealed that PTA, digit span, and Raven's scores were significantly associated with SMRT performance, whereas age was not. Multivariable linear regression confirmed these three as independent, significant predictors; age again was not. Interaction terms of PTA × Digit Span and PTA × Raven's were not significant predictors of SMRT performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neurocognitive functions of nonverbal reasoning and short-term memory capacity, as well as hearing ability, independently contribute to SMRT performance. Nonsignificant interactions suggest that the neurocognitive effects on SMRT are constant across degrees of hearing loss. These findings support ongoing use of SMRT in middle-aged and older adults with hearing loss, although the independent effects of neurocognitive functions should be accounted for, or at least considered, when interpreting SMRT performance.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.34595052.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149229818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Language Sample Analysis for Children With Developmental Language Disorder.","authors":"José A Ortiz, Yi Ting Huang, Nina R Benway","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and natural language processing have the potential to meaningfully impact language assessment. Despite the increasing availability of these technologies, little is known about their performance in routine assessment tasks such as language sample analysis (LSA), which is commonly used in the identification of developmental language disorder (DLD). This study examined the performance of ASR in transcribing child language samples, as well as the concurrent validity and diagnostic accuracy of metrics derived from an automated LSA system.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used an existing corpus of narrative samples from 66 children with DLD and 285 with typical language (TL), which included audio recordings and transcripts. We conducted automated LSA using the proprietary software LSA+, which integrates ASR and natural language processing. We evaluated transcription accuracy by comparing ASR transcripts to those included in the corpus. We then examined associations between language ability metrics from ASR and manual transcripts, as well as the diagnostic accuracy of each, by using LSA+ as a common means of analysis for all transcripts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASR produced less accurate transcripts for children with DLD than for those with TL and for younger children. Despite differences in transcription accuracy, automated LSA measures exhibited positive correlations with their manual counterparts, ranging from <i>r</i> = .79 to .98. Manual LSA measures in isolation exhibited better diagnostic accuracy than that of their automated counterparts. However, composite models with multiple automated metrics yielded the highest accuracy when including mean length of utterance, number of different words, and total number of words, in addition to ASR-derived mean length of speech segment and pauses per word.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Full automation of LSA demonstrates the potential to improve the efficiency and robustness of language assessment, particularly when utilizing composite measures. Despite its advantages, automated LSA may result in inaccurate estimates of language ability if used without consideration of its limitations. Continued examination of ASR and related technologies is needed to better understand their efficacy across languages, ages, and types of communication disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Design and Access: Toward Visual Scene Displays for Brain-Computer Interface Use in Augmentative and Alternative Communication by Children.","authors":"Kevin M Pitt, James Sawall, Elena Butler, Austin Bubak, Ahad Behboodi","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-26-00267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_JSLHR-26-00267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Brain-computer interface (BCI) may support communication and computer interaction through neural signals such as the P300 event-related potential (ERP). As a step toward integrating photographic visual scene displays (VSDs) in BCI, this study examined the feasibility of incorporating contextual, naturalistic scenes in which communication items were embedded asymmetrically.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To evaluate the effects of contextual scene use, 24 neurotypical children aged 8-13 years completed three experimental conditions: (1) a contextual scene with asymmetrical item placement, (2) an asymmetrical arrangement of the same items without contextual information, and (3) a standard grid. Electroencephalogram data were analyzed for the N170, P300, and N400 ERP components, and offline (predicted) BCI augmentative and alternative communication accuracy was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that asymmetry increased frontal and centro-parietal P300 amplitudes, and the scene enhanced occipital N170. Offline BCI performance was similar across the scene and grid conditions, and participants rated the scene as more visually appealing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate that asymmetry and contextual embedding within scenes may enhance neural engagement and user experience, providing a preliminary foundation for considering photographic VSDs into pediatric BCI research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sentence Completion Expressive Language Task-Preschool: Preliminary Evidence of Validity and Feasibility for the Neuroimaging Environment.","authors":"Karla N Washington, Leslie E Kokotek, Mekibib Altaye, Jennifer Vannest, Mark DiFrancesco, Thomas Maloney","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This preliminary investigation occurred across two studies and examined validity, discriminant accuracy, and feasibility of the Sentence Completion Expressive Language Task-Preschool (SCELT-P) for characterizing language production in a neuroimaging environment for typically developing (TD) preschoolers and those with developmental language disorder (DLD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Two separate studies were completed. Study 1 (validity) included 82 preschoolers (50% female; 69 TD, 13 DLD) aged 4;0 (years;months) to 5;11 (<i>M</i>_age <i>=</i> 4;7). All children were assessed using standardized language measures (e.g., Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals Preschool-Second Edition), a play-based language sample (analyzed using Developmental Sentence Scoring), and the 30-item SCELT-P (outside the neuroimaging environment), later streamlined to 20 items (SCELT-P Revised [SCELT-PR]). Study 2 (feasibility) included 14 preschoolers (<i>M</i>_age <i>=</i> 4;9, 43% female; nine TD, five with DLD) that were assessed using the SCELT-P (inside the neuroimaging environment) and functional magnetic resonance imaging using a sparse acquisition approach with a \"listen\" (passive) and \"listen + speak\" (active) condition implemented using DirectRT software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, the SCELT-P and SCELT-PR demonstrated high reliability, including interrater (intraclass correlation coefficient = .99), test-retest (<i>r</i> = .86 and .80, respectively), and internal consistency (Cronbach's α > .86 and .83, respectively), and similar strong criterion validity (<i>r = .</i>53-.84). Area under the curve analyses (.91) revealed both versions also evidenced fair sensitivity (.88 and .87) and specificity (.85) rates with a cutoff score of 15.5 and 9.5, respectively. In Study 2, 89% of TD preschoolers and 60% of preschoolers with DLD successfully completed the SCELT-P/R inside the neuroimaging environment, with activation maps illustrating relatively similar neurobiological characteristics across preschoolers in some brain regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The SCELT-P, including its streamlined version, the SCELT-PR, holds promise as a reliable and valid task for including 4- to 5-year-olds in the neuroimaging environment to inform neural and cognitive systems involved in language development.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.34543209.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linguistically Informed Automated Estimates of Creak in Adductor Laryngeal Dystonia.","authors":"Brittany N Fletcher, Maxine Van Doren, Mara R Kapsner-Smith, Cara Sauder, Tanya L Eadie, Katherine L Marks, Laura E Toles, Cara E Stepp, Jenny Vojtech","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00997","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Creaky voice is a perceptually low-pitched and irregular voice quality that has shown promise as an objective marker of adductor laryngeal dystonia (AdLD). However, creak also occurs in mainstream American English through linguistic processes (i.e., phrase-final creak, /t/ glottalization, word-initial vowel glottalization). This study investigated whether linguistically unexpected creak (i.e., creak occurring outside these phonological contexts) offers improved differentiation between AdLD and typical voices compared with total creak.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty speakers with AdLD and 50 age- and sex-matched controls read the first paragraph of <i>The Rainbow Passage</i>. A priori locations for linguistically expected creak were identified based on established phonological processes. An automated algorithm detected the percentage of creak (%creak) within voiced segments. A linear mixed-effects model examined the interaction between group (AdLD, control) and creak type (expected vs. unexpected). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses compared the diagnostic accuracy of unexpected %creak and total %creak.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups produced more expected than unexpected creak, but a significant interaction revealed that this difference was statistically weaker in the AdLD group. Between-groups differences were significantly larger for unexpected creak than for expected creak. Unexpected creak demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve = .82 vs. .77, <i>p</i> < .001), with an optimal cutoff of 4.0% at a sensitivity of .78 and a specificity of .84.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pathological creak in AdLD disrupts normal linguistic patterning, spreading disproportionately into unexpected contexts. Linguistically unexpected creak provides superior diagnostic discrimination compared with total creak, suggesting that acoustic biomarkers accounting for linguistic context can meaningfully enhance diagnostic accuracy for AdLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"4809-4821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13678647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehension of Restrictive Focus With <i>Zing6hai6</i> (\"Only\") in School-Age Cantonese-Speaking Autistic and Neurotypical Children.","authors":"Haoyan Ge, Peppina Po-Lun Lee, Stephen Matthews","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00271","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the comprehension of restrictive focus with the focus particle <i>zing6hai6</i> (\"only\") in school-age Cantonese-speaking autistic and neurotypical children. Specifically, it examined whether autistic children differed from neurotypical children in the comprehension of focus with <i>zing6hai6</i> and explored the effects of age on their performance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 75 Cantonese-speaking children (42 autistic and 33 neurotypical) between 5 and 10 years old completed a picture verification task assessing their interpretation of restrictive focus. They were matched on age and working memory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neurotypical children demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of <i>zing6hai6</i>-focus and showed a preference for preverbal <i>zing6hai6</i> over presubject <i>zing6hai6</i>, consistent with cross-linguistic findings that children prefer to associate \"only\" with the verb phrase. Autistic children exhibited partially neurotypical performance: Their interpretation of presubject <i>zing6hai6</i> aligned with neurotypical peers, whereas their understanding of preverbal <i>zing6hai6</i> was less accurate. In addition, autistic children were slower than their neurotypical peers in processing speed overall. The findings further reveal a delay in autistic children, as manifested in persistent accuracy differences but gradual convergence in processing speed relative to their neurotypical peers with increasing age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggested a distinct and delayed pattern of interpreting restrictive focus with <i>zing6hai6</i> (\"only\") in Cantonese-speaking autistic children and highlighted the possible influence of cognitive maturation and the inherent complexity of syntax-semantics interface structures on their comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"4927-4948"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phonological Awareness and Reading Impairments in Cantonese Speakers With Congenital Amusia: Comorbid Dyslexia Traits Matter.","authors":"Yuhong Zhu, William Choi, Jiwei Ma, Caicai Zhang","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-26-00018","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-26-00018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the nature and underlying mechanisms of phonological awareness and literacy impairments in Cantonese-speaking adults with congenital amusia (amusia hereafter) while accounting for the potential role of dyslexia traits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-one Cantonese speakers with amusia and 21 matched controls were assessed using segmental (onset phoneme deletion and spoonerism) and suprasegmental (tone oddity) phonological awareness tasks, literacy tasks (word reading, 1-min word reading, and dictation), and auditory perception threshold tasks (pitch discrete, pitch glide, and rise time).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amusia group significantly underperformed the control group on all phonological awareness tasks as well as on word reading. Within the amusia group, 38% of participants exhibited dyslexia traits. Subgroup analyses distinguishing between individuals with pure amusia and those with amusia and comorbid dyslexia traits further revealed that individuals with pure amusia still demonstrated difficulties in spoonerism and tone oddity, but not in onset phoneme deletion and word reading. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that pitch height perception was a significant predictor of amusical participants' performance in spoonerism and tone oddity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results suggested that the amusia group has deficits in segmental phonological awareness under the high-memory-load condition, as well as deficits in suprasegmental phonological awareness associated with impaired pitch height perception. Although the amusia group as a whole also showed segmental phonological awareness deficits under the low-memory-load condition and word reading deficits, these group-level deficiencies were largely driven by the amusia subgroup with dyslexia traits. These findings highlight the importance of taking dyslexia status into account in amusia studies.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.33288876.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"4777-4793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148809760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False Belief Understanding in Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Vaia Thomaidou, Konstantinos I Bougioukas, Panagiota Peleka, Panagiota Metallidou","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00753","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to compare the performance of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children who use cochlear implants (CIs) or hearing aids (HAs) with their typically hearing (TH) peers on false belief (FB) understanding tasks.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data were synthesized from 13 studies comprising 292 participants 1.92-14.03 years of age. A multilevel random-effects meta-analysis was conducted, followed by metaregression to examine the effects of age, mean age at onset, type of hearing amplifier, type of FB task, and method of response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated significantly lower performance in DHH children (<i>g</i> = -0.854, 95% confidence interval [-1.110, -0.599], <i>p</i> < .001) compared to their TH peers. Additionally, the CIs/HAs group showed a possible sensitivity when assessed with implicit tasks using eye gazing as a method of response.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results supported previous evidence on the essential role of language in FB skills development and indicated that performance in DHH children may be critically influenced by variability in task demands and method of response.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.33228822.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"5126-5142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Validity, Reliability, and Accuracy of the European French Version of the Intelligibility in Context Scale.","authors":"Léonor Piron, Andrea A N MacLeod, Christelle Maillart","doi":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00609","DOIUrl":"10.1044/2026_JSLHR-25-00609","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) is a free parent report questionnaire assessing functional intelligibility. Although it has been translated into French, it lacks validation. This study addresses two main objectives. First, we aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the European French version of the ICS (ICS-EF). Second, we explored the ICS-EF as a measure of the functional impact of speech sound disorders (SSDs), specifically investigating how communication partner familiarity influences intelligibility ratings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 189 French-speaking preschool children were recruited from preschools: 42 were classified as at risk for SSDs, and 147 were classified as typically developing. Children were assessed using a standardized single-word speech sound test. All parents completed the ICS-EF, and one third completed it a second time for test-retest reliability. Validity was analyzed through Spearman's correlations, and a repeated-measures analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA). Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients. Age groups, cutoffs, and discriminant accuracy were determined using <i>K</i>-means clustering and receiver operating characteristic curves. The effect of familiarity (intelligibility across communication partners) was examined using RM-ANCOVAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ICS-EF demonstrated good validity and reliability and was influenced by age. Three age groups were identified and revealed satisfactory sensitivity for the determined cutoffs. A significant effect of familiarity was found and was modulated by the presence/absence of SSDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ICS-EF demonstrated good psychometric properties and provides ready-to-use cutoffs. The ICS-EF can be considered both as a screening tool for SSDs in French-speaking preschoolers and as a measure of SSDs' functional impacts.</p><p><strong>Supplemental material: </strong>https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.33282180.</p>","PeriodicalId":520690,"journal":{"name":"Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR","volume":" ","pages":"4738-4757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148805351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}