Eye and vision (London, England)最新文献

{"title":"Development of a classification system based on corneal biomechanical properties using artificial intelligence predicting keratoconus severity.","authors":"Robert Herber,&nbsp;Lutz E Pillunat,&nbsp;Frederik Raiskup","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00244-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00244-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate machine-learning (ML) algorithms to differentiate corneal biomechanical properties between different topographical stages of keratoconus (KC) by dynamic Scheimpflug tonometry (CST, Corvis ST, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). In the following, ML models were used to predict the severity in a training and validation dataset.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three hundred and eighteen keratoconic and one hundred sixteen healthy eyes were included in this monocentric and cross-sectional pilot study. Dynamic corneal response (DCR) and corneal thickness related (pachymetric) parameters from CST were chosen by appropriated selection techniques to develop a ML algorithm. The stage of KC was determined by the topographical keratoconus classification system (TKC, Pentacam, Oculus). Patients who were classified as TKC 1, TKC 2 and TKC 3 were assigned to subgroup mild, moderate, and advanced KC. If patients were classified as TKC 1-2, TKC 2-3 or TKC 3-4, they were assigned to subgroups according to the normative range of further corneal indices (index of surface variance, keratoconus index and minimum radius). Patients classified as TKC 4 were not included in this study due to the limited amount of cases. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF) algorithms were used to develop the classification models. Data were divided into training (70% of cases) and validation (30% of cases) datasets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LDA model predicted healthy, mild, moderate, and advanced KC eyes with a sensitivity (S_n)/specificity (S_p) of 82%/97%, 73%/81%, 62%/83% and 68%/95% from a validation dataset, respectively. For the RF model, a S_n/S_p of 91%/94%, 80%/90%, 63%/87%, 72%/95% could be reached for predicting healthy, mild, moderate, and advanced KC eyes, respectively. The overall accuracy of LDA and RF was 71% and 78%, respectively. The accuracy for KC detection including all subgroups of KC severity was 93% in both models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The RF model showed good accuracy in predicting healthy eyes and various stages of KC. The accuracy was superior with respect to the LDA model. The clinical importance of the models is that the standalone dynamic Scheimpflug tonometry is able to predict the severity of KC without having the keratometric data.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT04251143 at Clinicaltrials.gov, registered at 12 March 2018 (Retrospectively registered).</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00244-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39052877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lens thickness and associated ocular biometric factors among cataract patients in Shanghai.","authors":"Jiaqi Meng,&nbsp;Ling Wei,&nbsp;Wenwen He,&nbsp;Jiao Qi,&nbsp;Yi Lu,&nbsp;Xiangjia Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00245-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00245-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the distribution of lens thickness (LT) and its associations with other ocular biometric factors among cataract patients in Shanghai.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four thousand thirteen eyes from 24,013 cataract patients were retrospectively included. Ocular biometric factors including LT, central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW) distance, anterior corneal curvature, and axial length (AL) were obtained using the IOLMaster700. The associations between LT and general or ocular factors were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 62.5 ± 13.6 years and 56.1% were female. The mean LT was 4.51 ± 0.46 mm. The LT was greater in older patients (P < 0.001). LT was positively correlated with CCT, while negatively correlated with ACD, WTW, and anterior corneal curvature (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that increased LT was associated with older age, male gender, thicker CCT, shallower ACD, larger WTW, and flatter anterior corneal curvature (P < 0.001). LT changed with a variable behavior according to AL. In short eyes LT increased as AL increased, then decreased with longer AL in normal eyes and moderate myopic eyes, but increased again as AL increased in highly myopic eyes. Thickest LT was found in the 20.01-22 mm AL group. The correlation between LT and other biometric factors remained significant when stratified by ALs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a large Chinese cataractous population, we found that the thicker lens may be associated with older age, male gender, thicker CCT, shallower ACD, larger WTW, and flatter anterior corneal curvature. As AL increased, the change of LT was nonlinear, with the thickest lens seen in the 20-22 mm AL group.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00245-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39033539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical exome sequencing facilitates the understanding of genetic heterogeneity in Leber congenital amaurosis patients with variable phenotype in southern India.","authors":"Sriee Viswarubhiny,&nbsp;Rupa Anjanamurthy,&nbsp;Ayyasamy Vanniarajan,&nbsp;Devarajan Bharanidharan,&nbsp;Vijayalakshmi Perumalsamy,&nbsp;Periasamy Sundaresan","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00243-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00243-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), primarily characterized by retinal degeneration is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) responsible for congenital blindness. The presence of phenotypic heterogeneity makes the diagnosis of LCA challenging, especially in the absence of pronounced disease pathognomonic, yet it can be well comprehended by employing molecular diagnosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to reveal the causative mutations in ten LCA patients with variable phenotypes using clinical exome sequencing (CES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>CES was performed in ten unrelated LCA patients. Ophthalmic information and family history of all patients were obtained to make a meaningful interpretation. The clinical exome data was analyzed and prioritized using a bioinformatics pipeline to identify mutations, which was further validated by Sanger sequencing. Segregation analysis was also performed on available family members.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CES led to the identification of causative mutations in nine LCA patients. Seven patients harbored a mutation in six LCA candidate genes, including RPE65, LCA5 (n = 2), CRX, PRPH2, CEP290, and ALMS1, while two patients possess a mutation in IFT80 and RP1, known to cause other diseases. Three novel mutations in LCA5 (c.1823del), CRX (c.848del) and CEP290 (c.2483G > T) were identified. The current study reports for the first time, a mutation in PRPH2, CEP290, and ALMS1 from the Indian population. Additionally, we observed a novel association of LCA phenotype with IFT80 known to cause Jeune syndrome. Based on the genetic finding, the patient AS09, who harbored a mutation in the RP1 gene, was re-diagnosed with early-onset retinitis pigmentosa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the results underline the importance of CES in clinically diagnosed LCA patients with variable phenotypes. The correlation between mutations in candidate genes and clinical phenotypes, helps to refine the clinical diagnosis. However, molecular evaluation with a larger cohort of LCA patients is needed for better understanding of the mutational spectrum in southern India.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00243-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38957087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal biomechanical changes in allergic conjunctivitis.","authors":"Qian Wang,&nbsp;Yuqing Deng,&nbsp;Saiqun Li,&nbsp;Xinyue Du,&nbsp;Xuan Zhao,&nbsp;Tingting Zhang,&nbsp;Jin Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00241-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00241-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To explore corneal biomechanical changes, identify related factors and determine early indicators of keratoconus (KC) development risk in allergic conjunctivitis (AC) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 50 patients, including 20 eyes without AC and 30 eyes with AC were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent a complete ocular examination, including evaluations of clinical manifestations of AC, corneal tomography and densitometry by Pentacam, corneal biomechanics by Corvis ST, and corneal and epithelial thickness mapping by RTvue optical coherence tomography (OCT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The index of surface variance (ISV), index of vertical asymmetry (IVA), keratoconus index (KI), index of height decentration (IHD) and Belin/Ambrosio enhanced ectasia total deviation index (BAD-D) were significantly higher in the AC group than in the non-allergic conjunctivitis (NAC) group (P < 0.05). The tomography and biomechanical index (TBI) was also significantly higher in the AC group (P = 0.04). The average epithelial thickness in the 2-7 mm annulus was significantly thinner in the AC group than in the NAC group (P < 0.05). The average densitometry of the total cornea and the anterior layer were higher in the AC group than in the NAC group (P < 0.001). The ISV, IVA, KI, IHD and BAD-D were significantly correlated with the TBI and changes in corneal epithelial thickness in AC patients (P < 0.05). The changes in epithelial thickness were closely related to the eye rubbing frequency and allergic sign scores (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AC patients should be advised to routinely undergo corneal tomographic and biomechanical measurements, and the TBI could be used as an indicator of KC development risk in AC patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Corneal Biomechanical Changes of Allergic Conjunctivitis, NCT04299399 . Registered March 3, 2020 - Retrospectively registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00241-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38858757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term results of accelerated 9 mW corneal crosslinking for early progressive keratoconus: the Siena Eye-Cross Study 2.","authors":"Cosimo Mazzotta,&nbsp;Frederik Raiskup,&nbsp;Farhad Hafezi,&nbsp;Emilio A Torres-Netto,&nbsp;Ashraf Armia Balamoun,&nbsp;Giuseppe Giannaccare,&nbsp;Simone Alex Bagaglia","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00240-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00240-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess clinical results of the 9 mW/5.4 J/cm² accelerated crosslinking (ACXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) over a span of 5 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective open non-randomized interventional study (Siena Eye-Cross Study 2) included 156 eyes of 112 patients with early progressive KC undergoing the Epi-Off 9 mW/5.4 J/cm² ACXL at the Siena Crosslinking Centre, Italy. The mean age was 18.05 ± 5.6 years. The 20-min treatments were performed using the New KXL I (Avedro, Waltham, USA), 10 min of 0.1% HPMC Riboflavin soaking (VibeX Rapid, Avedro, Waltham, USA) and 10 min of continuous-light UV-A irradiation. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), Kmax, coma, minimum corneal thickness (MCT), surface asymmetry index (SAI), endothelial cell count (ECC) were measured, and corneal OCT performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UDVA and CDVA improved significantly at the 3rd (P = 0.028), Δ + 0.17 Snellen lines and 6th postoperative month, respectively (P < 0.001), Δ + 0.23 Snellen lines. Kmax improved at the 6th postoperative month (P = 0.03), Δ - 1.49 diopters from the baseline value. Also, coma aberration value improved significantly (P = 0.004). A mild temporary haze was recorded in 14.77% of patients without affecting visual acuity and without persistent complications. Corneal OCT revealed a mean demarcation line depth at 332.6 ± 33.6 μm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 5-year results of Epi-Off 9 mW/5.4 J/cm² ACXL demonstrated statistically significant improvements in UCVA and CDVA, corneal curvature and corneal higher-order aberrations which confers a long-term stability for progressive ectasia. Based on the results of the Siena Eye-Cross Study 2, the 9 mW/5.4 J/cm² ACXL is a candidate to be  the natural evolution of Epi-Off CXL treatment for the management of early progressive corneal ectasia, and thus optimize clinic workflow.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00240-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38935885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets.","authors":"Shen Nian,&nbsp;Amy C Y Lo,&nbsp;Yajing Mi,&nbsp;Kai Ren,&nbsp;Di Yang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00239-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00239-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age individuals in many industrialized countries. It has been traditionally regarded as a purely microvascular disease in the retina. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that DR is a complex neurovascular disorder that affects not only vascular structure but also neural tissue of the retina. Deterioration of neural retina could precede microvascular abnormalities in the DR, leading to microvascular changes. Furthermore, disruption of interactions among neurons, vascular cells, glia and local immune cells, which collectively form the neurovascular unit, is considered to be associated with the progression of DR early on in the disease. Therefore, it makes sense to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse retinal neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and impaired cell-cell interactions of the neurovascular unit in early stage DR. Here, we present current perspectives on the pathophysiology of DR as a neurovascular disease, especially at the early stage. Potential novel treatments for preventing or reversing neurovascular injuries in DR are discussed as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00239-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38934772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal vascularity index in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Pasquale Loiudice,&nbsp;Marco Pellegrini,&nbsp;Michele Marinò,&nbsp;Barbara Mazzi,&nbsp;Ilaria Ionni,&nbsp;Giuseppe Covello,&nbsp;Michele Figus,&nbsp;Marco Nardi,&nbsp;Giamberto Casini","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00242-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00242-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemodynamic changes have been observed in patients with Graves' disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate choroidal vascular change using the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional observational study, 40 patients affected by TAO were recruited. Forty healthy individuals, matched for age and sex, served as controls. Foveal enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans were obtained from all participants. Images were binarized using the ImageJ software and luminal area (LA) and total choroidal area (TCA) were measured. CVI was calculated as the proportion of LA to TCA. The relation between CVI or subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and clinical activity score, exophthalmometric value, diplopia status, gender, and age was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CVI was significantly higher in patients with TAO (P = 0.004). No significant difference was observed in SFCT (P = 0.200) and TCA (P = 0.153) comparing TAO patients and healthy controls. LA was significantly higher in TAO group (P = 0.045). On multiple regression analysis, CVI was associated with TCA (P = 0.043). No association was found between SFCT or CVI and TCA, clinical activity score, exophthalmometric value, Inami value, diplopia status, gender or age (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study that has demonstrated an increase in CVI in eyes with TAO compared with healthy controls and has assessed its association with clinical features.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00242-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38931195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modified endoscopic transnasal orbital apex decompression in dysthyroid optic neuropathy.","authors":"Yunhai Tu,&nbsp;Mingna Xu,&nbsp;Andy D Kim,&nbsp;Michael T M Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoqi Pan,&nbsp;Wencan Wu","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00238-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00238-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To describe the surgical technique and assess the clinical efficacy and safety of modified endoscopic transnasal orbital apex decompression in the treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective research, forty-two subjects (74 orbits) who underwent modified endoscopic transnasal orbital apex decompression for the treatment of dysthyroid optic neuropathy were enrolled. Preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field mean deviation (MD), Hertel exophthalmometry, and new onset diplopia were assessed before and after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test was used for differential analysis. Linear mixed-models' analyses were conducted to assess the potential predictors for BCVA change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperatively, the mean BCVA improved from 0.70 ± 0.62 logMAR to 0.22 ± 0.33 logMAR. BCVA significantly improved in 69 eyes (93%), remained stable in 4 eyes (5%) and deteriorated in 1 eye (1%). MD of visual fields improved from -13.73 ± 9.22 dB to -7.23 ± 7.04 dB. Proptosis decreased from 19.57 ± 3.38 mm to 16.35 ± 3.01 mm. Preoperative BCVA, MD of visual fields and medical rectus diameter were independent factors associated with improvements in BCVA (P < 0.05) by linear mixed-models' analyses. Eighteen patients (42.9%) developed new diplopia postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modified endoscopic transnasal orbital apex decompression effectively restores vision in dysthyroid optic neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00238-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38850716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of higher-order aberrations and light scattering in explanted opacified intraocular lenses.","authors":"Grzegorz Łabuz,&nbsp;Timur M Yildirim,&nbsp;Gerd U Auffarth,&nbsp;Hyeck-Soo Son,&nbsp;Ramin Khoramnia","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00235-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00235-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intraocular lens (IOL) calcification is a serious condition that can only be treated by removing the clouded lens. Since explantation bears the risk of complications, it is often deferred until the patient finds the symptoms intolerable. Usually, as the IOL opacifies, visual acuity is minimally affected early on. In this study, we assessed the impact of IOL opacification on optical quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed ten opacified explanted IOLs (Oculentis GmbH). Wavefront aberrations were obtained with a SHSOphthalmic device (Optocraft GmbH), which features a Hartmann-Shack sensor. The root mean square (RMS) of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) was compared. The effect of calcification on image quality was assessed through the Strehl ratio (SR). We detected light scattering with a C-Quant (Oculus GmbH) and expressed it as a straylight parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm, the mean RMS (±standard deviation) was 0.033 μm (±0.026 μm), 0.044 μm (±0.027), and 0.087 μm (±0.049), respectively. The mean SR value was 0.81 ± 0.15 at 3 mm, with four IOLs showing a nearly diffraction-limited performance, but in two explants, opacification precluded reliable measurements. Increased straylight was found in all opacified IOLs with a mean value of 150.2 ± 56.3 deg²/sr at 3 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated that IOL opacification induces HOAs. However, the RMS remained low, which resulted only in a slight reduction of the SR-derived optical quality. On the other hand, we found a severe straylight elevation in the opacified lenses, which may result in dysphotopsia, such as glare, and subjective complaints, despite good visual acuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00235-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38895297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-VEGF therapy prevents Müller intracellular edema by decreasing VEGF-A in diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Tianqin Wang,&nbsp;Chaoyang Zhang,&nbsp;Hai Xie,&nbsp;Mengmeng Jiang,&nbsp;Haibin Tian,&nbsp;Lixia Lu,&nbsp;Guo-Tong Xu,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Jingfa Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40662-021-00237-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40662-021-00237-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is known to play a key role in causing retinal edema, whether and how VEGF-A induces intracellular edema in the retina still remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was performed 8 weeks after diabetes onset. rMC-1 cells (rat Müller cell line) were treated with glyoxal for 24 h with or without ranibizumab. The expression levels of inwardly rectifying K⁺ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), Dystrophin 71 (Dp71), VEGF-A, glutamine synthetase (GS) and sodium-potassium-ATPase (Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase) were examined using Western blot. VEGF-A in the supernatant of the cell culture was detected with ELISA. The intracellular potassium and sodium levels were detected with specific indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with normal control, protein expressions of Kir4.1 and AQP4 were down-regulated significantly in diabetic rat retinas, which were prevented by ranibizumab. The above changes were recapitulated in vitro. Similarly, the intracellular potassium level in glyoxal-treated rMC-1 cells was increased, while the intracellular sodium level and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase protein level remained unchanged, compared with control. However, ranibizumab treatment decreased intracellular sodium, but not potassium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ranibizumab protected Müller cells from diabetic intracellular edema through the up-regulation of Kir4.1 and AQP4 by directly binding VEGF-A. It also caused a reduction in intracellular osmotic pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":520624,"journal":{"name":"Eye and vision (London, England)","volume":" ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1186/s40662-021-00237-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38882639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}