Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)最新文献

{"title":"A Case of Early-Stage Gallbladder Cancer, Positive for ALDH1A1, Which Arose from Adenomyomatosis of the Gallbladder.","authors":"Yuhei Iwasa,&nbsp;Keisuke Iwata,&nbsp;Mitsuru Okuno,&nbsp;Akihiko Sugiyama,&nbsp;Yoichi Nishigaki,&nbsp;Yosuke Ohashi,&nbsp;Takuji Tanaka,&nbsp;Takuji Iwashita,&nbsp;Masahito Shimizu,&nbsp;Eiichi Tomita","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenomyomatosis (ADM) of the gallbladder is a condition characterized by the proliferation of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinus (RAS), in which the epithelium of the gallbladder extends into the muscular layer, causing a thickening of the gallbladder wall. Although ADM is generally considered not to be a precancerous lesion of gallbladder cancer, there are some reports of cases of gallbladder cancer from ADM. Therefore, the relationship between ADM and gallbladder cancer remains controversial. We herein report a case of early-stage gallbladder cancer, BilIN3 (high grade), arising from ADM that was positive for ALDH1A1, an important marker of stem cells and cancer stem cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689884/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Prediction and Monitoring of Treatment Response in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors by Means of Imaging: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ylva A Weeda,&nbsp;Gijsbert M Kalisvaart,&nbsp;Floris H P van Velden,&nbsp;Hans Gelderblom,&nbsp;Aart J van der Molen,&nbsp;Judith V M G Bovee,&nbsp;Jos A van der Hage,&nbsp;Willem Grootjans,&nbsp;Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is currently part of routine clinical practice for unresectable and metastatic disease. It is important to assess the efficacy of TKI treatment at an early stage to optimize therapy strategies and eliminate futile ineffective treatment, side effects and unnecessary costs. This systematic review provides an overview of the imaging features obtained from contrast-enhanced (CE)-CT and 2-deoxy-2-[¹⁸F]fluoro-D-glucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) PET/CT to predict and monitor TKI treatment response in GIST patients. PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were systematically screened. Articles were considered eligible if quantitative outcome measures (area under the curve (AUC), correlations, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) were used to evaluate the efficacy of imaging features for predicting and monitoring treatment response to various TKI treatments. The methodological quality of all articles was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, v2 (QUADAS-2) tool and modified versions of the Radiomics Quality Score (RQS). A total of 90 articles were included, of which 66 articles used baseline [¹⁸F]FDG-PET and CE-CT imaging features for response prediction. Generally, the presence of heterogeneous enhancement on baseline CE-CT imaging was considered predictive for high-risk GISTs, related to underlying neovascularization and necrosis of the tumor. The remaining articles discussed therapy monitoring. Clinically established imaging features, including changes in tumor size and density, were considered unfavorable monitoring criteria, leading to under- and overestimation of response. Furthermore, changes in glucose metabolism, as reflected by [¹⁸F]FDG-PET imaging features, preceded changes in tumor size and were more strongly correlated with tumor response. Although CE-CT and [¹⁸F]FDG-PET can aid in the prediction and monitoring in GIST patients, further research on cost-effectiveness is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40457690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of an Automated Deep Learning Algorithm for Reliable Screening of Abnormality in Chest Radiographs: A Prospective Multicenter Quality Improvement Study.","authors":"Arunkumar Govindarajan,&nbsp;Aarthi Govindarajan,&nbsp;Swetha Tanamala,&nbsp;Subhankar Chattoraj,&nbsp;Bhargava Reddy,&nbsp;Rohitashva Agrawal,&nbsp;Divya Iyer,&nbsp;Anumeha Srivastava,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar,&nbsp;Preetham Putha","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In medical practice, chest X-rays are the most ubiquitous diagnostic imaging tests. However, the current workload in extensive health care facilities and lack of well-trained radiologists is a significant challenge in the patient care pathway. Therefore, an accurate, reliable, and fast computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system capable of detecting abnormalities in chest X-rays is crucial in improving the radiological workflow. In this prospective multicenter quality-improvement study, we have evaluated whether artificial intelligence (AI) can be used as a chest X-ray screening tool in real clinical settings. <b>Methods:</b> A team of radiologists used the AI-based chest X-ray screening tool (qXR) as a part of their daily reporting routine to report consecutive chest X-rays for this prospective multicentre study. This study took place in a large radiology network in India between June 2021 and March 2022. <b>Results:</b> A total of 65,604 chest X-rays were processed during the study period. The overall performance of AI achieved in detecting normal and abnormal chest X-rays was good. The high negatively predicted value (NPV) of 98.9% was achieved. The AI performance in terms of area under the curve (AUC), NPV for the corresponding subabnormalities obtained were blunted CP angle (0.97, 99.5%), hilar dysmorphism (0.86, 99.9%), cardiomegaly (0.96, 99.7%), reticulonodular pattern (0.91, 99.9%), rib fracture (0.98, 99.9%), scoliosis (0.98, 99.9%), atelectasis (0.96, 99.9%), calcification (0.96, 99.7%), consolidation (0.95, 99.6%), emphysema (0.96, 99.9%), fibrosis (0.95, 99.7%), nodule (0.91, 99.8%), opacity (0.92, 99.2%), pleural effusion (0.97, 99.7%), and pneumothorax (0.99, 99.9%). Additionally, the turnaround time (TAT) decreased by about 40.63% from pre-qXR period to post-qXR period. <b>Conclusions:</b> The AI-based chest X-ray solution (qXR) screened chest X-rays and assisted in ruling out normal patients with high confidence, thus allowing the radiologists to focus more on assessing pathology on abnormal chest X-rays and treatment pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GestroNet: A Framework of Saliency Estimation and Optimal Deep Learning Features Based Gastrointestinal Diseases Detection and Classification.","authors":"Muhammad Attique Khan,&nbsp;Naveera Sahar,&nbsp;Wazir Zada Khan,&nbsp;Majed Alhaisoni,&nbsp;Usman Tariq,&nbsp;Muhammad H Zayyan,&nbsp;Ye Jin Kim,&nbsp;Byoungchol Chang","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the last few years, artificial intelligence has shown a lot of promise in the medical domain for the diagnosis and classification of human infections. Several computerized techniques based on artificial intelligence (AI) have been introduced in the literature for gastrointestinal (GIT) diseases such as ulcer, bleeding, polyp, and a few others. Manual diagnosis of these infections is time consuming, expensive, and always requires an expert. As a result, computerized methods that can assist doctors as a second opinion in clinics are widely required. The key challenges of a computerized technique are accurate infected region segmentation because each infected region has a change of shape and location. Moreover, the inaccurate segmentation affects the accurate feature extraction that later impacts the classification accuracy. In this paper, we proposed an automated framework for GIT disease segmentation and classification based on deep saliency maps and Bayesian optimal deep learning feature selection. The proposed framework is made up of a few key steps, from preprocessing to classification. Original images are improved in the preprocessing step by employing a proposed contrast enhancement technique. In the following step, we proposed a deep saliency map for segmenting infected regions. The segmented regions are then used to train a pre-trained fine-tuned model called MobileNet-V2 using transfer learning. The fine-tuned model's hyperparameters were initialized using Bayesian optimization (BO). The average pooling layer is then used to extract features. However, several redundant features are discovered during the analysis phase and must be removed. As a result, we proposed a hybrid whale optimization algorithm for selecting the best features. Finally, the selected features are classified using an extreme learning machine classifier. The experiment was carried out on three datasets: Kvasir 1, Kvasir 2, and CUI Wah. The proposed framework achieved accuracy of 98.20, 98.02, and 99.61% on these three datasets, respectively. When compared to other methods, the proposed framework shows an improvement in accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40457691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Thyroid Cancer Mortality and Incidence in Saudi Arabia: A 30-Year Study.","authors":"Arwa F Flemban,&nbsp;Saeed Kabrah,&nbsp;Hanaa Alahmadi,&nbsp;Raghad K Alqurashi,&nbsp;Anwar S Turaes,&nbsp;Ruba Almaghrabi,&nbsp;Samah Al Harbi,&nbsp;Asim A Khogeer","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine cancer among the female population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and the ninth most common in the male population in Saudi Arabia. Over the past years, an increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported in Saudi Arabia. However, the etiology of thyroid cancer is still not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate thyroid cancer incidence and mortality trends in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019. The current study utilized the Global Burden of Disease and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation databases to extract prevalence data of thyroid cancer in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019. Moreover, the current project utilizes Global Burden of Disease (GBD) web-based tools to visualize these data. In total, 23,846 cases (17,220 females and 6626 males) were diagnosed with thyroid cancer in Saudi Arabia from 1990 to 2019. The incidence is higher in females than in males. Over these 30 years, women's incidence steadily increased by 15-fold versus a 22-fold increase in men. Moreover, there were 2056 deaths in total caused by thyroid cancer in KSA. The mortality rate in women steadily increased by threefold in the same period. However, the increase in mortality was higher in males (sixfold). A high percentage of YLLs was observed in males, with around 24.8% ranging from 30 to 34 and 40 to 45 years. Thyroid cancer incidence rates have increased exponentially between 1990 and 2019. The expansion of the incidence of thyroid cancer in Saudi Arabia could be due to the increased development in detection and diagnosis. The current study provided evidence of the need to increase awareness and diagnosis in the male population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in Large Vessel Vasculitis: The Impact of Expertise and Confounders on Image Analysis.","authors":"Lidija Antunovic,&nbsp;Alessia Artesani,&nbsp;Michael Coniglio,&nbsp;Wim J G Oyen,&nbsp;Michele Ciccarelli,&nbsp;Carlo Selmi,&nbsp;Arturo Chiti,&nbsp;Martina Sollini","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosis of vasculitis is challenging. To avoid invasive approaches, clinical guidelines recommend the use of diagnostic imaging. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of [¹⁸F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([¹⁸F]FDG) position emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in large vessel vasculitis (LVV) and how this is affected by inter-operator variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 279 patients who performed [¹⁸F]-FDG PET/CT for suspicion of LVV were retrospectively analyzed. We tested the qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis and parameters influencing image quality and interpretation. Exams were evaluated by two readers with different experience and their performance was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LVV diagnosis was confirmed in 81 patients. [¹⁸F]-FDG PET/CT accuracy was 73% and 67% for the expert reader and less experienced reader, respectively. The expert reader overall performed better than the less experienced one, with higher accuracy in patients with normal BMI (77.3 vs. 63.8%), normal level of glycemia (73.3 vs. 65%), younger age (76.6 vs. 68.2%), and when no therapy was in course at time of imaging (76.7 vs. 66.7%). The diagnostic performance of both readers did not improve using semi-quantitative parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We confirmed the appropriateness of the recommended criteria for image acquisition and interpretation, underlining the importance of experience in image interpretation for the optimal diagnostic performance of [¹⁸F]FDG PET/CT in vasculitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Status and Potential Therapeutic Options in Critically Ill Patients: A Narrative Review of the Clinical Evidence.","authors":"Salvatore L Cutuli,&nbsp;Laura Cascarano,&nbsp;Eloisa S Tanzarella,&nbsp;Gianmarco Lombardi,&nbsp;Simone Carelli,&nbsp;Gabriele Pintaudi,&nbsp;Domenico L Grieco,&nbsp;Gennaro De Pascale,&nbsp;Massimo Antonelli","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D covers roles of paramount importance in the regulation of multiple physiological pathways of the organism. The metabolism of vitamin D involves kidney-liver crosstalk and requires an adequate function of these organs, where vitamin D is progressively turned into active forms. Vitamin D deficiency has been widely reported in patients living in the community, being prevalent among the most vulnerable subjects. It has been also documented in many critically ill patients upon admission to the intensive care unit. In this context, vitamin D deficiency may represent a risk factor for the development of life-threatening clinical conditions (e.g., infection and sepsis) and worse clinical outcomes. Several researchers have investigated the impact of vitamin D supplementation showing its feasibility, safety, and effectiveness, although conflicting results have put into question its real benefit in critically ill patients. The existing studies included heterogeneous critically ill populations and used slightly different protocols of vitamin D supplementation. For these reasons, pooling up the results is difficult and not conclusive. In this narrative review, we described vitamin D physiology and the pathophysiology of vitamin D depletion with a specific focus on critically ill patients with liver dysfunction, acute kidney injury, acute respiratory failure, and sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinesthesia and Temporal Experience: On the 'Knitting and Unknitting' Process of Bodily Subjectivity in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Camilo Sánchez,&nbsp;Marcin Moskalewicz","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes a phenomenological hypothesis that psychosis entails a disturbance of the two-fold process of the indication function of kinesthesia and the presentification function of touch that affects the constitution of bodily subjectivity. Recent functional connectivity studies showed that the increased synchrony between the right anterior insula and the default mode network are associated with psychosis. This association is proposed to be correlated with the disrupted dynamics between the pre-reflective and reflective temporal experience in psychotic patients. The paper first examines the dynamic nature of kinesthesia and the influence touch and vision exert on it, and then the reciprocal influence with temporal experience focusing on the body's cyclic sense of temporality and its impact on physiology and phenomenology. Affectivity and self-affection are considered in their basic bodily expressions mainly through the concepts of responsivity and receptivity. The overall constitutive processes referred to throughout the article are proposed as a roadmap to develop body-based therapeutic work.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymorphic Malignant Melanoma (PMM) of the Left Helix: Case Report with Clinical-Pathological Correlations.","authors":"Gerardo Cazzato,&nbsp;Anna Colagrande,&nbsp;Michele Maruccia,&nbsp;Eleonora Nacchiero,&nbsp;Carmelo Lupo,&nbsp;Nadia Casatta,&nbsp;Giuseppe Ingravallo,&nbsp;Eugenio Maiorano,&nbsp;Andrea Marzullo,&nbsp;Giuseppe Giudice,&nbsp;Leonardo Resta","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant melanoma (MM) is known to be the great mimic in dermatopathology. Over time, several variants have been described, not all of which have repercussions on the clinical/oncological management of the affected patient. The existence, however, of these alternative forms of MM is of great interest to the pathologist, as they are potentially capable of inducing diagnostic errors affecting the diagnostic-therapeutic care pathway (PDTC). In this paper, we present a very rare case of polymorphic MM, in which five different morphological aspects coexisted in the same lesion, confirmed by immunohistochemical investigation and by RT-PCR for mutation of the BRAF gene and discuss the importance of correct recognition of these different morphological features to avoid misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40466618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive <i>Aspergillosis</i> in the Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Liam Townsend,&nbsp;Ignacio Martin-Loeches","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112712","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a serious condition resulting in significant mortality and morbidity among patients in intensive care units (ICUs). There is a growing number of at-risk patients for this condition with the increasing use of immunosuppressive therapies. The diagnosis of IPA can be difficult in ICUs, and relies on integration of clinical, radiological, and microbiological features. In this review, we discuss patient populations at risk for IPA, as well as the diagnostic criteria employed. We review the fungal biomarkers used, as well as the challenges in distinguishing colonization with <i>Aspergillus</i> from invasive disease. We also address the growing concern of multidrug-resistant <i>Aspergillosis</i> and review the new and novel therapeutics which are in development to combat this.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40694554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}