Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Body Roundness Index and Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative.","authors":"Rita Peila, Rowan T Chlebowski, Andrew J Dannenberg, Elizabeth M Cespedes Feliciano, Su Yon Jung, Ting-Yuan David Cheng, Hailey R Banack, Lihong Qi, Juhua Luo, Fred K Tabung, Stephanie Wissel, JoAnn E Manson, Thomas E Rohan","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background Body Roundness Index (BRI) is an anthropometric measure that combines waist circumference and height. It reflects central adiposity more accurately than body mass index (BMI). Evidence linking BRI to long-term cancer risk, particularly in postmenopausal women, remains limited. Methods We examined associations between BRI and incident site-specific cancers (n=33,892) in 144,865 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years at enrollment into the Women's Health Initiative and followed for a median of 17.9 years. BRI was assessed at baseline in all participants and at year 3 in 60% of participants. Cox proportional hazards models estimated associations between BRI and cancer incidence, adjusting for sociodemographic, reproductive, and lifestyle factors. Results Higher BRI levels were associated with increased risks of kidney, endometrial, liver, esophageal, thyroid, colorectal, stomach, pancreas, bladder, breast, and lung cancers, and with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Adjustment for BMI attenuated associations for endometrial, breast, and kidney cancers but strengthened those for liver, lung, and esophageal cancers. Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses and models incorporating repeated BRI measurements. Age-stratified (< /≥ 63 years) models indicated stronger associations for kidney cancer among younger women and a significant positive association for melanoma among older women. Conclusions Among postmenopausal women, higher BRI was associated with increased risk of cancer at multiple sites independently of BMI. These findings support an important role for central adiposity in cancer risk beyond overall body size. Impact In postmenopausal women, BRI may improve estimation of site-specific cancer risk beyond BMI by capturing central adiposity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Rural-Urban Differences in Genomic Testing Use for Breast Cancer in Idaho, 2013-2022.","authors":"Jessica A Buster, Vinita Sharma, Douglas J Myers, Christopher J Johnson, Randi K Rycroft, Bozena M Morawski","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oncotype DX RS is a 21-gene assay that can be used to guide treatment decisions regarding adjuvant chemotherapy for women diagnosed with early-stage, estrogen receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (ER+/HER2-) breast cancer. Despite inclusion in clinical guidelines, research suggests that gene expression profile (GEP) testing is underutilized in the United States-particularly among rural patients. Oncotype DX RS testing has not been evaluated in Idaho, a largely rural state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Idaho central cancer registry data in generalized estimating equations to determine if rural Idaho residents diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer during 2013-2022 were less likely to receive GEP testing than their urban counterparts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 6,984 eligible tumors, 55.2% (433/785) linked to GEP testing in 2022, up from 36.8% (212/576) in 2013. Although patient rurality was not associated with GEP testing (adjusted RR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.85-1.11), we noted a high degree of variability by patient county of residence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrary to prior research, our results show no difference in GEP testing among breast cancer patients by rural residency.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The rural-urban gap in accessing personalized medicine for early-stage breast cancer may be closing, but patterns of care remain highly variable across geography. The relationship between patterns of care and residence merits further investigation to improve survivor quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale association study identifies lung cancer susceptibility copy number variants and their potential functional role in genetic instability.","authors":"Feifei Xiao, Fei Qin, Xizhi Luo, Shannon E Slewitzke, Gail F Fernandes, Mattias Johansson, Xiangjun Xiao, David Zaridze, Stig E Bojesen, Sanjay Shete, Demetrius Albanes, Melinda C Aldrich, Adonina Tardon, Guillermo Fernandez-Tardon, Loïc Le Marchand, Gad Rennert, Heike Bickeböller, H-Erich Wichmann, Angela Risch, Thomas Muley, Albert Rosenberger, John K Field, Michael P A Davies, Penella J Woll, Lambertus A Kiemeney, Aage Haugen, Shanbeh Zienolddiny, Stephen Lam, Mikael Johansson, Kjell Grankvist, Matthew B Schabath, Angeline S Andrew, Philip Lazarus, Susanne M Arnold, Dakai Zhu, Hermann Brenner, Marian L Neuhouser, Rayjean J Hung, David C Christiani, James D McKay, Guoshuai Cai, Jun Xia, Christopher I Amos","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous lung cancer susceptibility loci based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), yet a substantial proportion of heritability remains unexplained. We therefore evaluated germline copy number variants (CNVs) as an underexplored source of genetic susceptibility and potential contributors to genomic instability in lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a genome-wide analysis of germline CNVs using 19,342 cases and 15,917 controls from the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung (TRICL) consortium, with replication in two independent cohorts. High-confidence CNVs were identified by integrating two CNV callers including PennCNV and modSaRa2. Association analyses were performed using both gene-based and CNV region-based approaches. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were constructed from top loci, and functional validation was conducted using siRNA-mediated knockdown in lung fibroblast cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified CNVs in four genomic regions (1p36.22, 2q31.2, 6p21.32, and 19q13.32) significantly or suggestively associated with lung cancer risk. Two loci (1p36.22 and 2q31.2) were consistently supported across both analytical strategies. A CNV-based PRS constructed from four key genes (CLCN6, NFE2L2, OPA3, and PSMB8) was significantly associated with lung cancer risk and replicated across independent datasets. Functional assays demonstrated that knockdown of NFE2L2 and OPA3 increased endogenous DNA damage, supporting a role in genomic stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Germline CNVs contribute to lung cancer susceptibility and may influence carcinogenesis through mechanisms related to genomic instability.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>These findings expand our knowledge of the genetic architecture of lung cancer and suggest that the cumulative burden of germline CNVs may contribute to lung cancer susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiome-related plasma metabolites and risk of colorectal cancer.","authors":"Fiona C Malcomson, Caitlin P O'Connell, Zeinab Farhat, Daniel D Buchanan, Megan N Frone, Jessica N Hatton, Hormuzd A Katki, Jung Kim, Loïc Le Marchand, Amanda I Phipps, John D Potter, Rashmi Sinha, Douglas R Stewart, Emily Vogtmann, Mark A Jenkins, Erikka Loftfield","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perturbations in gut microbiome composition and altered levels of related metabolites may be related to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study assessed whether pre-diagnostic, circulating, microbiome-related metabolite concentrations were associated with CRC risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook a nested case-control study of 739 participants in the Colon Cancer Family Registry Cohort (312 cases, 427 controls). Median follow-up time from blood draw to diagnosis was 7 years. Pre-diagnostic plasma concentrations of 70 metabolites were quantified by targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for metabolite concentrations and CRC risk using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Stratified analyses were conducted by sex, Lynch syndrome diagnosis, and age at tumor onset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary bile acids, cholate and chenodeoxycholate, were positively associated with CRC incidence, overall and among females. The odds of CRC were higher in individuals in the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of cholate (ORQ4vQ1=1.61, 95% CI=1.05-2.49) and chenodeoxycholate (ORQ4vQ1=1.60, 95% CI=1.03-2.50). Two short-chain fatty acids (caproate, valerate) and three metabolites involved in phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism (cinnamoylglycine, phenylpropionate, 4-ethylphenylsulfate) were suggested to be associated, positively and negatively, respectively, with incident CRC but these associations did not withstand correction for multiple comparisons. In stratified analyses, some differences were observed according to sex, Lynch syndrome diagnosis, and age at tumor onset.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Circulating microbiome-related metabolites, including bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, may be associated with CRC risk.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>These findings provide insight into potential pathways linking the gut microbiome to colorectal carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning Identifies Community-Level Factors Associated with Lung Cancer Incidence.","authors":"Gianni D Pucillo, Allison C Jue, Chandler G Law, Sandip Pravin Patel, Uduak Z George","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0551","DOIUrl":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Individual-level risk factors such as tobacco use are well characterized, but the community-level environmental, social, and economic contributions to geographic variation in incidence remain incompletely understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an ecological analysis of 542 Medical Service Study Areas (MSSAs) in California, linking age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates (AAIR, 2015-2019) to 27 indicators of pollution, population characteristics, and adult smoking prevalence. Machine learning and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) distinguished high- versus low-incidence MSSAs; ordinary least squares (OLS) regression quantified covariate-AAIR associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A Support Vector Machine (radial basis function kernel) trained on 15 autoencoder-selected indicators discriminated best (cross-validation AUC = 0.891), outperforming a smoking-only model (AUC = 0.685). By SHAP, smoking, linguistic isolation, neighborhood SES, unemployment, and housing burden contributed most. In OLS regression, neighborhood SES quintile (standardized β = -0.57) and Hispanic population proportion (β = -0.51) were the strongest predictors of lower AAIR; higher Black population proportion was associated with higher AAIR. Subpopulation-stratified models performed better for White-specific (AUC = 0.926) than Hispanic-specific AAIR (AUC = 0.744).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community-level smoking, pollution, and population characteristics data improved the identification of regions with elevated lung cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Community-level indicators can identify areas of elevated lung cancer burden, including the many where registry rates are suppressed. These associations are concurrent rather than etiologic, and no causal interpretation is intended. Lower predictive performance in some subpopulations highlights data gaps that must be addressed for equitable cancer prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of hospitalizations in four adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivor populations in the United States, 2006-2020.","authors":"Karen J Wernli, Eric C Haupt, Andrew B Smitherman, Thearis Osuji, Ernest Shen, Neetu Chawla, Mallory Casperson, Anne C Kirchhoff, Cecile A Laurent, Kathryn J Ruddy, Theresa H M Keegan, Heydon K Kaddas, Renata Abrahão, Chun R Chao, Candice A M Sauder, Marlaine Figueroa Gray, Jessica Chubak, Hazel B Nichols, Lawrence H Kushi, Erin E Hahn","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We describe hospitalization rates in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors 2-5 years (Y2-Y5) from diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational study of AYA cancer survivors diagnosed 2006-2020 was conducted in two healthcare systems [Kaiser Permanente Southern California (n=7889) and Northern California (n=7338)] and two states [California (47,302) and Utah (n=7935)]. Hospitalizations were ascertained from electronic health records and statewide administrative records and stratified by whether pregnancy-related. Hospitalization rates were calculated by cohort. We estimated patient factors associated with hospitalizations using a Poisson model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most AYA survivors were women (~64% of all cohorts), mean age ~31 years at diagnosis, and non-Hispanic white (range 35.1-81.2%) or Hispanic (range 14.3-40.6%). Overall, 21-24% of AYA survivors experienced >1 hospitalization. Unadjusted hospitalization rates declined from Y2 [range 155.1-243.4 per 1000 person-years (PY)] to Y5 (range 105.8-132.0 PY) (p-trend<0.0001 in all cohorts). Factors associated with increased non-pregnancy related hospitalizations were [range of relative risks (RR)]: non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (RR 1.46-1.66 vs non-Hispanic white); public insurance (RR 1.57-1.93 vs commercial/military); receipt of chemotherapy (RR 1.51-1.81), and cancer type-breast (RR 1.69-1.97), cervical (RR 2.30-3.31), colorectal (2.76-3.66), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (RR 2.89-5.19), acute myeloid leukemia (2.11-5.05), and sarcoma (RR 2.70-4.96) (vs thyroid).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While hospitalizations decline as time from diagnosis elapses across health system settings and states, nearly 1 in 5 AYA cancer survivors experience hospitalization in early survivorship.</p><p><strong>, impact: </strong>Hospitalization rates remain elevated in some AYA patient subgroups in early survivorship, highlighting the need to identify AYAs at risk to mitigate unanticipated hospitalizations and costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of circulating microRNAs to identify high-risk adenomas among FIT+ patients undergoing screening colonoscopy.","authors":"R Liam Sutherland, Yibing Ruan, Matthew T Warkentin, Dylan E O'Sullivan, John M Hutchinson, John B McIntyre, Nauzer Forbes, Winson Y Cheung, Lisa Lix, Jill Tinmouth, Linda Rabeneck, Robert J Hilsden, Darren R Brenner","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colonoscopy prevents colorectal cancer (CRC) but is invasive and resource intensive. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may improve risk stratification of fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive individuals by identifying high-risk adenomas (HRAs). We evaluated the association of circulating miRNAs with HRAs and their contribution to risk prediction models (RPMs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 398 FIT-positive participants from a Canadian screening cohort (160 HRAs; 238 controls). Plasma miRNAs were quantified using NanoString nCounter. Differential expression was assessed using two-tailed t-tests with Bonferroni correction, and LASSO regression identified predictive miRNAs. Five RPMs were developed (Baseline, Bonferroni, Bonferroni+Baseline, LASSO, LASSO+Baseline) and evaluated using AUCs, DeLong's test, calibration, bootstrap validation, and decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven miRNAs were Bonferroni-significant, and LASSO retained 8 predictors. The Baseline model had an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.61, increasing to 0.80 with these miRNAs and 0.82 with baseline variables added; the LASSO+Baseline model achieved an AUC of 0.82 with good calibration. All miRNA-enhanced models outperformed Baseline (P<0.001) and showed greater net benefit on decision curve analysis. At a 20% threshold, the LASSO+Baseline model achieved 95.0% sensitivity and 56.7% PPV. Conclusions Circulating miRNAs substantially improved identification of HRAs among FIT-positive individuals with clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>These data support further evaluation of miRNA-informed RPMs to refine CRC screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hispanic and Asian American/Pacific Islander ethnic enclave, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and renal cell carcinoma incidence in California.","authors":"Zhengyi Deng, Annie Vu, Hannah Begna, Kevin L'Esperance, Samuel L Washington, David H Rehkopf, Salma Shariff-Marco, June M Chan, Benjamin I Chung, Shuchi Gulati, Iona Cheng, Marvin E Langston, Rebecca E Graff","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We evaluated associations of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and ethnic enclave with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence among Hispanic and Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI) populations in California.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based study of 7,507 Hispanic and 2,293 AAPI individuals diagnosed with RCC in the California Cancer Registry across three Census periods (1988-1992, 1998-2002, and 2008-2012). Race- and ethnicity-specific Census population counts were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across nSES and ethnic enclave quintiles and joint variable of dichotomous nSES (high vs. low) and ethnic enclave (enclave vs. non-enclave).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher nSES was associated with higher RCC incidence among AAPI individuals (Q5 vs. Q1: IRR=1.50; 95% CI, 1.27-1.78) and modestly elevated incidence among Hispanic individuals in intermediate quintiles. Less ethnically distinct neighborhoods were associated with higher incidence among Hispanic individuals (Q1 vs. Q5: IRR=1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.34), whereas no clear pattern was observed among AAPI individuals. Compared with low nSES/enclave neighborhoods, RCC incidence was higher in all other joint nSES/enclave categories in both populations. These associations were generally similar by sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor histology and were mainly observed for localized stage RCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hispanic and AAPI individuals living in higher-nSES neighborhoods had higher RCC incidence, while Hispanic individuals living in less ethnically distinct neighborhoods had higher RCC incidence. These patterns may reflect differences in healthcare access, diagnostic intensity, and neighborhood-related etiologic factors.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Neighborhood factors should be considered in RCC etiology, surveillance, and risk stratification research among diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Associations of Abdominal Obesity, General Obesity, and Smoking with Bladder Cancer Risk Among Postmenopausal Women: A Nationwide Cohort Study.","authors":"Minjung Han, Joo-Hyun Park, Jung Yong Hong, Kyungdo Han, Jay J Shen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The independent and joint associations of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and smoking with bladder cancer risk in postmenopausal women remain unclear. We investigated these associations in a nationwide cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1,336,820 postmenopausal Korean women without prior cancer from the national health screening program in 2009 who were followed until 2022. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥85 cm and general obesity as BMI ≥25 kg/m², according to the Korean criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 2,315 incident bladder cancer cases were identified. Smoking was independently associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (HR, 95% CI: 1.83, 1.53-2.19), compared with never smoking. Among individuals who never smoked, abdominal obesity and general obesity were associated with increased risk (HR, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.07-1.28 and 1.09, 1.005-1.19). In joint-effect analyses, individuals who ever smoked and had obesity exhibited the highest risk compared with individuals who never smoked without obesity (abdominal: HR, 95% CI: 2.27, 1.71-3.01; general: 2.36, 1.81-3.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both abdominal and general obesity were associated with higher bladder cancer risk in postmenopausal women, with substantially greater risk among those with concurrent smoking exposure. These findings emphasize the importance of obesity prevention and smoking cessation in reducing risk in this underrecognized population.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Targeting abdominal and general obesity, particularly among individuals who smoked, may meaningfully lower bladder cancer risk in postmenopausal women.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in financial toxicity among survivors of early-onset cancer.","authors":"Jennifer S Wang, Qian Xiao, Bijal A Balasubramanian, Caitlin C Murphy","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-26-0770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We examined racial and ethnic disparities in three aspects of financial toxicity-material hardships, coping behaviors, and psychological effects-among survivors of early-onset cancer (diagnosed at age 18-49 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Survivors of early-onset cancer were identified from the National Health Interview Survey (2019-2023). We used survey questions to measure aspects of financial toxicity and estimated prevalence of each, overall and by race and ethnicity. We then used logistic regression models to estimate associations between race and ethnicity and each aspect, adjusting for time since diagnosis, sex, geographic region, insurance type, family income as percent of federal poverty level, education, employment, self-rated health status, number of comorbidities, cancer type, and number of cancer diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 5,159 survivors (8.7% Hispanic/Latino, 81.0% White, 5.8% Black, 2.0% Asian, 2.5% Other or multiple race), almost half (48.7%) experienced at least one aspect of financial toxicity: 15.4% experienced material hardships, 9.6% experienced coping behaviors, and 45.0% experienced psychological effects. By race and ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino survivors had over twice the odds of being very worried about medical bills compared to non-Hispanic White survivors (aOR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.46, 3.36).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Financial toxicity is prevalent among survivors of early-onset cancer, particularly for psychological effects among Hispanic/Latino survivors.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Policy efforts are needed to curb the rising costs of cancer care, and tailored interventions are needed to address the unique needs of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}