Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Biomarkers of Glucose Homeostasis and Inflammation with Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Case-Cohort Study.","authors":"Ying Wang,&nbsp;Susan M Gapstur,&nbsp;Christina C Newton,&nbsp;Marjorie L McCullough,&nbsp;Michael N Pollak,&nbsp;Peter T Campbell","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Few prospective studies have examined biomarkers of glucose homeostasis or inflammation with prostate cancer risk by tumor stage or grade.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a case-cohort study to examine associations of prediagnosis hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), C-peptide, and C-reactive protein (CRP) with prostate cancer risk overall and stratified by tumor stage and grade. The study included 390 nonaggressive (T1-2, N0, M0, and Gleason score <8) and 313 aggressive cases (T3-4, or N1, or M1, or Gleason score 8-10) diagnosed after blood draw (1998-2001) and up to 2013, and a random subcohort of 1,303 cancer-free men at blood draw in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort. Prentice-weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the multivariable-adjusted model without body mass index, HbA1c was inversely associated with nonaggressive prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-1.00; P = 0.04). Analyses stratified by tumor stage and grade separately showed that HbA1c was inversely associated with low-grade prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-1.00) and positively associated with high-grade prostate cancer (HR per unit increase, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.30). C-peptide and CRP were not associated with prostate cancer overall or by stage or grade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study suggests that associations of hyperglycemia with prostate cancer may differ by tumor grade and stage.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Future studies need to examine prostate cancer by tumor stage and grade, and to better understand the role of hyperglycemia in prostate cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"736-743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39773095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspirin, Statins, Non-aspirin NSAIDs, Metformin, and the Risk of Biliary Cancer: A Swedish Population-Based Cohort Study.","authors":"Lorena Marcano-Bonilla,&nbsp;Cathy D Schleck,&nbsp;William S Harmsen,&nbsp;Omid Sadr-Azodi,&nbsp;Mitesh J Borad,&nbsp;Tushar Patel,&nbsp;Gloria M Petersen,&nbsp;Terry M Therneau,&nbsp;Lewis R Roberts,&nbsp;Nele Brusselaers","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-1322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemoprevention for biliary tract cancers (BTC), which comprise intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), and gallbladder cancer, is controversial. We examined associations between low-dose aspirin, statins, NSAIDs, and metformin with BTC risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a population-based cohort of 5.7 million persons over age 18 without personal history of cancer (except nonmelanoma skin cancer), receiving at least one commonly prescribed drug between July 1, 2005, and December 31, 2012, from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Registry. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using age-scaled multivariable-adjusted Cox models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>2,160 individuals developed BTC. Low-dose aspirin was not associated with BTC risk [HR, 0.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81-1.07], iCCA (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.93-1.57), eCCA (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.60-1.07), or gallbladder cancer (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.71-1.06). Statins were associated with lower risk of BTC (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78), iCCA (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.50-0.95), eCCA (HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38-0.76), and gallbladder cancer (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57-0.91). For all BTC subtypes, combined low-dose aspirin and statins were not associated with lower risk than statins alone. NSAIDs were associated with higher risk of BTC and its subtypes. Metformin was not associated with BTC risk (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.82-1.18), iCCA (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.77-1.48), eCCA (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.82-1.61), or gallbladder cancer (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.63-1.11).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Statins were associated with a decreased risk of BTC and its subtypes. Low-dose aspirin alone was not associated with a decreased risk, and use of both was not associated with further decrease in risk beyond statins alone.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Statins were most consistently associated with a decreased risk of BTC and its subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"804-810"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9136681/pdf/nihms-1776734.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39727308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Duration, Chronotype, and Insomnia and the Risk of Lung Cancer: United Kingdom Biobank Cohort.","authors":"Noah C Peeri,&nbsp;Meng-Hua Tao,&nbsp;Serkalem Demissie,&nbsp;Uyen-Sa D T Nguyen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Relationships between sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, and lung cancer risk have not been comprehensively examined. Interrelations between sleep traits on the risk of lung cancer have not been assessed. We aimed to examine sleep traits with lung cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were recruited between 2006 and 2010 and followed through November 30, 2020. We included 382,966 participants (3,664 incident lung cancer) in analysis. Cox proportional hazards models estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between sleep duration, chronotype, and insomnia symptoms and lung cancer risk. Joint effects analyses were examined between sleep duration and three traits (chronotype, insomnia, and daytime napping). Nonlinear associations between sleep duration and lung cancer risk were assessed in restricted cubic spline analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longer sleep (>8 hours) was positively associated with lung cancer risk compared with normal sleep duration (7-8 hours; HR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.10-1.36). Frequent insomnia symptoms increased the risk of lung cancer compared with never/rarely experiencing symptoms (HR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.28). Joint effects between sleep duration and chronotype, and sleep duration and insomnia symptoms were observed. In analysis excluding participants reporting shift work at baseline, evening chronotypes (\"slight,\" \"definite\") were at a greater risk of lung cancer compared with definite morning chronotype (HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28 and HR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.21-1.54, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sleep traits such as long sleep duration, frequent insomnia symptoms, and definite evening chronotype may be risk factors for lung cancer. Joint effects should be further investigated.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Sleep traits may be risk factors of lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"766-774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39727307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Metabolomics and Breast Cancer Risk over 20 Years of Follow-up among Postmenopausal Women in the Nurses' Health Study.","authors":"Kristen D Brantley,&nbsp;Oana A Zeleznik,&nbsp;Bernard Rosner,&nbsp;Rulla M Tamimi,&nbsp;Julian Avila-Pacheco,&nbsp;Clary B Clish,&nbsp;A Heather Eliassen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolite profiles provide insight into biologic mechanisms contributing to breast cancer development. We explored the association between prediagnostic plasma metabolites (N = 307) and invasive breast cancer among postmenopausal women in a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (N = 1,531 matched pairs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Plasma metabolites were profiled via LC/MS-MS using samples taken ≥10 years (distant, N = 939 cases) and <10 years (proximate, N = 592 cases) before diagnosis. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the 90th to 10th percentile of individual metabolite level, using the number of effective tests (NEF) to account for testing multiple correlated hypotheses. Associations of metabolite groups with breast cancer were evaluated using metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), with adjustment for the FDR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No individual metabolites were significantly associated with breast cancer risk. MSEA showed negative enrichment of cholesteryl esters at the distant timepoint [normalized enrichment score (NES) = -2.26; Padj = 0.02]. Positive enrichment of triacylglycerols (TAG) with <3 double bonds was observed at both timepoints. TAGs with ≥3 double bonds were inversely associated with breast cancer at the proximate timepoint (NES = -2.91, Padj = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cholesteryl esters measured earlier in disease etiology were inversely associated with breast cancer. TAGs with many double bonds measured closer to diagnosis were inversely associated with breast cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The discovered associations between metabolite subclasses and breast cancer risk can expand our understanding of biochemical processes involved in cancer etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"839-850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8983458/pdf/nihms-1773833.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39849253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estrogenic Activity and Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer Among Postmenopausal Women in the Nurses' Health Study.","authors":"Etienne X Holder,&nbsp;Serena C Houghton,&nbsp;Sylvia S Sanchez,&nbsp;A Heather Eliassen,&nbsp;Jing Qian,&nbsp;Elizabeth R Bertone-Johnson,&nbsp;Zhenhua Liu,&nbsp;Shelley S Tworoger,&nbsp;Martyn T Smith,&nbsp;Susan E Hankinson","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estrogens increase breast cancer risk through estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated pathway activation. It is unclear whether a broader assessment of plasma compounds that lead to ER activation would be more strongly related to risk than measurement of individual estrogens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective nested case-control study was conducted among postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study, that included 371 cases with blood samples collected prior to breast cancer diagnosis and 731 matched controls. Total estrogen pathway activity (EA) was assessed via a luciferase reporter assay using plasma-treated T47D-Kbluc (ATCC) human breast cancer cells. We also assessed the contribution of EA to risk, independent of circulating estrone, estradiol, and estrone sulfate concentrations. Multivariable ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression adjusting for breast cancer risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women in the highest, versus lowest EA quartile had an 86% increased risk of invasive breast cancer (ORQ4vsQ1, 1.86; 95% CI = 1.16-2.97). After accounting for estradiol only, a weaker association was observed (ORQ4vsQ1, 1.27; 95% CI = 0.75-2.17). No association was observed after accounting for all three estrogens (ORQ4vsQ1, 1.01; 95% CI = 0.56-1.84).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A positive association between EA and breast cancer risk was observed. However, the association was substantially attenuated after accounting for levels of other estrogens.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our study provides a first detailed assessment of a breast cancer cell line-based EA assay and postmenopausal breast cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"831-838"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8983456/pdf/nihms-1777894.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39898604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persisting Effects of a Social Media Campaign to Prevent Indoor Tanning: A Randomized Trial.","authors":"David B Buller,&nbsp;Sherry Pagoto,&nbsp;Kimberly L Henry,&nbsp;Katie Baker,&nbsp;Barbara J Walkosz,&nbsp;Joel Hillhouse,&nbsp;Julia Berteletti,&nbsp;Jessica Bibeau,&nbsp;Alishia Kinsey","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A social media campaign for mothers aimed at reducing indoor tanning (IT) by adolescent daughters reduced mothers' permissiveness toward IT in an immediate posttest. Whether the effects persisted at 6 months after the campaign remains to be determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mothers (N = 869) of daughters ages 14-17 in 34 states without bans on IT by minors were enrolled in a randomized trial. All mothers received an adolescent health campaign over 12 months with posts on preventing IT (intervention) or prescription drug misuse (control). Mothers completed a follow-up at 18 months post-randomization measuring IT permissiveness, attitudes, intentions, communication, and behavior, and support for state bans. Daughters (n = 469; 54.0%) just completed baseline and follow-up surveys.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structural equation modeling showed that intervention-group mothers were less permissive of IT by daughters [unstandardized coefficient, -0.17; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.31 to -0.03], had greater self-efficacy to refuse daughter's IT requests (0.17; 95% CI, 0.06-0.29) and lower IT intentions themselves (-0.18; 95% CI, -0.35 to -0.01), and were more supportive of bans on IT by minors (0.23; 95% CI, 0.02-0.43) than control-group mothers. Intervention-group daughters expressed less positive IT attitudes than controls (-0.16; 95% CI, 0.31 to -0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The social media campaign may have had a persisting effect of convincing mothers to withhold permission for daughters to indoor tan for 6 months after its conclusion. Reduced IT intentions and increased support for bans on IT by minors also persisted among mothers.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Social media may increase support among mothers to place more restrictions on IT by minors.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"885-892"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8983451/pdf/nihms-1773830.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39849252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AHRR (cg05575921) Methylation Safely Improves Specificity of Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility Criteria: A Cohort Study.","authors":"Katja Kemp Jacobsen,&nbsp;Peter Schnohr,&nbsp;Gorm Boje Jensen,&nbsp;Stig E Bojesen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-1059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Screening reduces lung cancer mortality, but specificities of eligibility criteria are low. We tested if leukocyte AHRR(cg05575921) methylation improves specificity of lung cancer screening eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 9,206 and 5,370 individuals of the 1991 to 1994 and 2001 to 2003 examinations of the Copenhagen City Heart Study, Denmark, were followed for lung cancer within 5 years after examination and mortality. Screening eligibility criteria (DANTE, DLCST, ITALUNG, LUSI, NELSON, NLST, and PLCOM2012) were evaluated, and AHRR (cg05575921) methylation extent at different methylation cut points was added. The model with the lowest number of eligible individuals per 5-year lung cancer was validated within the 2001 to 2003 examination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eligibility criteria identified risk-groups ranging from 3,182 (DANTE) to 1,641 (ITALUNG) individuals. The positive predictive value was highest for PLCOM2012 (3.2%), while DANTE showed the highest negative predictive value (99.7%). Adding AHRR (cg05575921) methylation led to higher specificities for all criteria. Number of eligible individuals per 5-year lung cancer varied from 38 (NELSON) to 27 (NLST) with AHRR (cg05575921) methylation <55%. This last model led to a 21.9% lower screening burden and increased (P < 0.05) specificity of 84.0%. Findings were reproduced among the 5,334 individuals of the 2001 to 2003 examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding AHRR (cg05575921) methylation on top of current eligibility criteria for lung cancer screening improves specificity by excluding those individuals with the lowest risk.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>The results point toward a potential clinical use of AHRR (cg05575921) methylation, which is a cost-effective measurement compared with lung CT scanning, to provide additional predictive risk information to identify eligible smokers for lung cancer screening. See related commentary by Hung, p. 698.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"758-765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39849251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the Exposure-Response Relation between Benzene and Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Combining Epidemiologic, Human Biomarker, and Animal Data.","authors":"Bernice Scholten,&nbsp;Lützen Portengen,&nbsp;Anjoeka Pronk,&nbsp;Rob Stierum,&nbsp;George S Downward,&nbsp;Jelle Vlaanderen,&nbsp;Roel Vermeulen","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chemical risk assessment can benefit from integrating data across multiple evidence bases, especially in exposure-response curve (ERC) modeling when data across the exposure range are sparse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We estimated the ERC for benzene and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), by fitting linear and spline-based Bayesian meta-regression models that included summary risk estimates from non-AML and nonhuman studies as prior information. Our complete dataset included six human AML studies, three human leukemia studies, 10 human biomarker studies, and four experimental animal studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A linear meta-regression model with intercept best predicted AML risks after cross-validation, both for the full dataset and AML studies only. Risk estimates in the low exposure range [<40 parts per million (ppm)-years] from this model were comparable, but more precise when the ERC was derived using all available data than when using AML data only. Allowing for between-study heterogeneity, RRs and 95% prediction intervals (95% PI) at 5 ppm-years were 1.58 (95% PI, 1.01-3.22) and 1.44 (95% PI, 0.85-3.42), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating the available epidemiologic, biomarker, and animal data resulted in more precise risk estimates for benzene exposure and AML, although the large between-study heterogeneity hampers interpretation of these results. The harmonization steps required to fit the Bayesian meta-regression model involve a range of assumptions that need to be critically evaluated, as they seem crucial for successful implementation.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>By describing a framework for data integration and explicitly describing the necessary data harmonization steps, we hope to enable risk assessors to better understand the advantages and assumptions underlying a data integration approach.See related commentary by Keil, p. 695.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"751-757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39587209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Balance-Related Factors and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Expressing Different Levels of Proteins Involved in the Warburg Effect.","authors":"Josien C A Jenniskens,&nbsp;Kelly Offermans,&nbsp;Colinda C J M Simons,&nbsp;Iryna Samarska,&nbsp;Gregorio E Fazzi,&nbsp;Kim M Smits,&nbsp;Leo J Schouten,&nbsp;Matty P Weijenberg,&nbsp;Heike I Grabsch,&nbsp;Piet A van den Brandt","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Energy balance-related factors [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, physical activity] have been associated with colorectal cancer risk. Warburg effect activation via PI3K/Akt signaling is one of the proposed mechanisms. We investigated whether energy balance-related factors were associated with risk of Warburg subtypes in colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated this using immunohistochemistry for six proteins involved in the Warburg effect (LDHA, GLUT1, MCT4, PKM2, P53, PTEN) on tissue microarrays of 2,399 incident colorectal cancer cases from the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (ntotal = 120,852; nsubcohort = 5,000; aged 55-69 in 1986; 20.3 years follow-up). Data analyses included 3,911 subcohort members and 1,972 colorectal cancer cases with complete covariate data. Expression levels of all proteins were combined into a pathway-based sum score and categorized into three \"Warburg subtypes\" (Warburg-low/moderate/high). Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate associations of BMI, clothing size (waist circumference proxy), and physical activity with Warburg subtypes in colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI and clothing size were positively associated with Warburg-moderate and Warburg-high colon cancer risk in men (Pheterogeneity = 0.192). In women, clothing size was positively associated with Warburg-low and Warburg-high colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = 0.005). Nonoccupational physical activity was inversely associated with Warburg-low and Warburg-moderate colon cancer in women (Pheterogeneity = 0.045), but positively associated with Warburg-high rectal cancer in men (Pheterogeneity = 0.089).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Warburg effect might be involved in associations between adiposity and colon cancer risk, though additional mechanisms could be at play in women as well. The inverse association between physical activity and colon cancer might be explained by mechanisms other than the Warburg effect.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Further research is needed to reproduce these results and investigate possible additional mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"633-646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Performance of Two Stool DNA Tests and a Fecal Immunochemical Test in Detecting Colorectal Neoplasm: A Multicenter Diagnostic Study.","authors":"Peng Jin,&nbsp;Peng You,&nbsp;Jingyuan Fang,&nbsp;Qian Kang,&nbsp;Fang Gu,&nbsp;Yunlong Cai,&nbsp;Huihong Zhai,&nbsp;Bangmao Wang,&nbsp;Yanqing Li,&nbsp;Junfeng Xu,&nbsp;Jiheng Wang,&nbsp;Yuqi He,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Min Dai,&nbsp;Jianqiu Sheng","doi":"10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-21-0991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The most widely used noninvasive screening tests for colorectal cancer are fecal occult blood tests. Stool DNA test was developed in recent years. However, direct comparative analyses of these tests within the same population are still sparse.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 2,842 participants who visited outpatient clinics or cancer screening centers were enrolled. Stool DNA test-I (KRAS, BMP3, NDRG4, and hemoglobin immunochemical tests), stool DNA test-II (SDC2 and SFRP2 tests), and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) alone were performed and colonoscopy was used as the gold standard among 2,240 participants. Forty-two and 302 participants had colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas (AA), respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity for colorectal cancer of stool DNA test-I, -II, and FIT was 90.5%, 92.9%, and 81.0%, respectively. The sensitivity for advanced neoplasm (AN; colorectal cancer plus AA) of stool DNA test-I, -II, and FIT was 34.9%, 42.2%, and 25.9%, respectively. The specificity of stool DNA test-I, -II, and FIT was 91.4%, 93.3%, and 96.8%, respectively, among those with negative results on colonoscopy. When the specificity of FIT was adjusted to match that of stool DNA tests by changing the threshold, no significant difference was seen in the sensitivities among the three tests for detecting colorectal cancer. For AN, the sensitivity of FIT was higher than DNA test-I and similar to DNA test-II under the same specificities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no significant advantage of the two stool DNA tests compared with FIT in detecting colorectal cancer or AN in this study.</p><p><strong>Impact: </strong>Our findings do not support extensive use of stool DNA tests instead of FIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":520580,"journal":{"name":"Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"654-661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39745109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}