Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)最新文献

{"title":"The Piram Island fossil mammals revisited: Implications for age and palaeoecology.","authors":"Rajeev Patnaik, Suresh Srivastava, K Milankumar Sharma, Asgar Hossain, Advait M Jukar, Deepak Choudhary, Christopher C Gilbert, Ashok Sahni","doi":"10.1002/ar.70346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Piram (Perim) Island of Kathiawar (Gujarat) is well known for its preserved wealth of fossil vertebrates since the early 18th century. Broadly, these vertebrates have been considered to be equivalent to the Dhok Pathan stage of the Middle Siwaliks (~9.8-3.5 Ma). Based on earlier finds and recent field work, we describe additional fossil mammals, including the first report of a rodent from these sediments. Also, we discuss the biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Piram in the light of the latest available Siwalik mammalian biochronology and stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses. We can now place these highly fossiliferous sediments at ~8.7 Ma based on the first occurrence (FO) of the hipparionine equid Sivalhippus perimensis and the last occurrence (LO) of the rodent Democricetodon fejfari. Our carbon isotopic data reveal that most of the mammals (bovids, proboscideans, rhinoceratids and giraffids) were dominantly C3 browsers and lived in tropical forests and wet to dry woodlands, whereas Sivalhippus perimensis had a wider range of diet and habitat, ranging from C3 browsing in the tropical forest and wet-dry woodland to mixed C3 and C4 feeding in water stressed wooded grassland. Further, the intra-tooth oxygen isotope values recovered from two high crowned Sivalhippus perimensis teeth reveal evidence of the existence of monsoon-like seasonality in the Late Miocene around the Kathiawar region of Gujarat. Overall, the carbon isotope data indicate co-existence of strict browsers, mixed feeders, and limited grazers in a mosaic of closed canopy forest, woodland and some grassland patches, while oxygen isotope data suggest environmental heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redescription of the cranial morphology of Amphisbaena braestrupi and Amphisbaena laurenti (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from the Pleistocene of Brazil using x-ray computed tomography.","authors":"Carolina L Paiva, Henrique C Costa, Christy A Hipsley","doi":"10.1002/ar.70349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amphisbaenians (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) are fossorial reptiles with highly specialized cranial morphology, yet their fossil record is frequently limited by fragmentary preservation. This study provides a detailed osteological redescription of the skulls of Amphisbaena braestrupi and Amphisbaena laurenti from the Pleistocene of Lagoa Santa (Brazil) using high-resolution x-ray computed tomography. Beyond surface morphology, 3D reconstructions allowed the first detailed visualization of previously inaccessible internal anatomical features, such as the complex architecture of the braincase and the parabasal and optic canals. The analysis revealed hourglass-shaped skulls with pronounced sagittal crests and an advanced degree of coossification in the occipital complex. Digital dissection enabled the description of the pyramidal morphology of the otic capsules and the arrangement of the semicircular canals, alongside a more comprehensive redescription of the fossil material. Comparisons with the extant species Amphisbaena alba show that the fossils reach the upper limit of cranial size variation and exhibit greater occipital robustness. These findings fill critical anatomical gaps, providing new internal characters for taxonomic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary studies of South American amphisbaenians.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148979207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2D structural annotation and 3D reconstruction of the whole brain of Alligator sinensis.","authors":"Mengqin Liu, Shi Wang, Jie Wei, Ke Sun, Yongkang Zhou, Jun He, Haitao Nie, Linming Lu, En Li, Xiaobing Wu","doi":"10.1002/ar.70348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chinese alligator (Alligator sinensis) is a small crocodilian endemic to China; current neuroanatomical knowledge of its whole brain remains limited. In the present study, we combined the Micro-Optical Sectioning Tomography system with Imaris, CorelDRAW, and MATLAB software to generate a histological atlas of the entire Chinese alligator brain and reconstruct its 3D digital brain model. Results showed that the whole brain of the Chinese alligator is anatomically partitioned into eight major compartments: olfactory bulb (OB), olfactory tract (OTr), telencephalon (Tel), diencephalon (Dien), mesencephalon (Mes), cerebellum (Cer), pituitary gland (PG), and medulla oblongata (MO). Most distinguishable cytoarchitectonic structures reside within the Tel, Dien, and Mes. The main OB exhibits a finely laminated cytoarchitecture, whereas an accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) is absent. Collectively, the Tel and Dien occupy approximately one-third of the total brain volume. The mesencephalic tectum displays distinct laminar organization, with the corpora quadrigemina (CQ) differentiated into superior and inferior colliculi. A total of 116 discrete brain structures were annotated in this atlas. We unambiguously identified a pineal body (PB) in the Chinese alligator, substantially expanding the fundamental neurohistological dataset of crocodilian brains. This work establishes a foundational morphological template for reptilian nervous system research and provides critical comparative anatomical references for evolutionary neurobiology across all vertebrate lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148984616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing the inner ear: Historical perspectives and future directions to elucidate labyrinth structure and function.","authors":"Christopher M Smith, Bryan K Ward, Jeffrey T Laitman","doi":"10.1002/ar.70320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The inner ear is among the most intricate and complex structures in the body. Housed deep within the petrous temporal bone, it contains the organs for audition and balance. Our understanding of its structure and function has relied heavily on advances in imaging and novel visualization modalities. This review synthesizes the historical and technological progression of research on inner ear structure, tracing developments from early philosophical speculation and gross dissection to microscopy, serial histology, radiographic imaging, and contemporary high-resolution digital modalities. We outline three major eras in inner ear investigation: the classical period, during which the ear was considered solely an auditory organ; the Renaissance and early modern period, marked by transformative anatomical illustration and the recognition of labyrinthine structure; and the modern era, characterized by experimental demonstration of vestibular function, high-resolution in situ imaging, and the refinement of quantitative morphological analyses. Several recent innovations, including micro-computed tomography, contrast-enhanced imaging, super-resolution microscopy, high-field magnetic resonance imaging, and advanced three-dimensional segmentation techniques, have substantially improved spatial resolution and soft-tissue visualization. As a result, these developments have enabled increasingly precise reconstruction of both osseous and membranous labyrinthine structures. These approaches are shifting the field from descriptive anatomy toward integrative, quantitative, and functionally informed models of inner ear biology. Furthermore, forays into in vivo imaging are pushing the bounds of anatomical imaging. This review situates contemporary advances within their historical context. In doing so, we highlight the most impactful contributions to our understanding of inner ear structure, evolution, and disease-and identify questions that remain unresolved. Continued refinement of in vivo and post-mortem in situ visualization modalities promises to bridge anatomical detail with physiological function and clinical phenotype, advancing basic science and translational otology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148964132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebral morphology and intracolumnar variation of the iconic and bizarre viperid snake Pseudocerastes urarachnoides (Serpentes, Viperidae).","authors":"Georgios L Georgalis, Kacper Węgrzyn, Sara Ruane","doi":"10.1002/ar.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We document in detail the vertebral morphology of the viperid Pseudocerastes urarachnoides, a snake from the Middle East that is famous for its extreme tail modifications with bizarre spider-like luring appendages and its caudal luring behavior that enables it to successfully prey on birds. With the aid of micro-computed tomography scanning on the holotype specimen of P. urarachnoides, we focus on the intracolumnar variation across the whole vertebral column. Interesting morphological features of the vertebrae of this species are highlighted in comparison to other viperids, particularly at the caudal vertebral portion; nevertheless, there is no evidence of any skeletal element underlying the bizarre spider-like luring appendages of the tail of P. urarachnoides. A discussion on the caudal lure and its bizarre tail scales for this peculiar species is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the occurrence and distribution of specific immune cells throughout the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression.","authors":"Mengyu Pan, Na Luo","doi":"10.1002/ar.70330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is recognized as one of the most prevalent malignancies globally, with a notably high incidence in China. The disease often presents with subtle symptoms in its early stages, resulting in diagnoses at mid to late stages, which diminishes the possibility for radical surgical intervention. Additionally, the effectiveness, side effects, and resistance associated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy further constrain their use in treating ESCC. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has expanded the array of immunotherapeutic strategies available for managing this condition. This study aims to delineate the occurrence and distribution of specific immune cell types throughout the progression of ESCC, utilizing a 4-NQO-induced murine model that most accurately reflects the initiation and progression of ESCC as observed in humans. This model encompasses various stages of ESCC development, including normal (NOR), inflammation (INF), hyperplasia (HYP), dysplasia (DYS), carcinoma in situ (CIS), and invasive cancer (ICA). Immunohistochemical analysis reveals an increase in the number of Ki67⁺ cells correlating with the advancement of ESCC, indicating elevated tumor cell proliferation. Notably, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells are prominently observed during the dysplastic stage, while CD20⁺ B cells and CD68⁺ macrophages are more prevalent during the hyperplastic stage. Furthermore, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells are actively involved in tumor recognition and elimination within the esophageal epithelium, whereas CD20⁺ B cells and CD68⁺ macrophages are primarily localized in the submucosal layer. This study underscores the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of ESCC and suggests the timely application of immune checkpoint inhibitors may enhance anti-tumor immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tooth histotype and enameloid microstructure of Priohybodus arambourgi d'Erasmo, 1960 (Elasmobranchii: Hybodontiformes) from the Late Jurassic of northeastern Brazil.","authors":"Kelly Roberta da Silva, Valéria Gallo, Estevan Eltink","doi":"10.1002/ar.70337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sharks possess varied diets and different prey capture mechanisms. As a result, the group exhibits a significant diversity in dental morphology, also reflecting the internal structures of the teeth. Internal dental anatomy points to the existence of three histotypes in elasmobranch phylogeny: orthodont, osteodont, and pseudoosteodont. Priohybodus arambourgi, the oldest known hybodontiform to exhibit fully serrated edges on a multicuspidated tooth crown, a pattern observed in numerous modern sharks, was recently recorded in Upper Jurassic strata of the Tucano Basin, Northeastern Brazil. Understanding that tooth microstructural variations reveal a relevant tool for ecological and evolutionary investigations of extinct Elasmobranchii, this study presents the internal dental pattern of this hybodontiform through paleohistological analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a function of derived tooth morphology, it was expected that P. arambourgi would share a dental pattern rather similar to some pseudoosteodont Neoselachii, with a pronounced osteodont condition sensu stricto and a complex enameloid. However, the results show the presence in P. arambourgi of pseudoosteodont dental layers and compact monocrystalline enameloid, with crystallites oriented perpendicular to the tooth surface in the outer regions and randomly arranged in the innermost regions of the tissue. The slender and faint enameloid layers seem to be ineffective to support such morphology, explaining the presence of extensive micro-scratches on enameloid and singular pattern of tooth wear. This study corroborates that the pseudoosteodont pattern remained conservative throughout the evolution of Hybodontiformes, even found in derived cutting teeth morphology, also indicating that P. arambourgi could have had a more generalist diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteology, variation, and adaptations of the oldest Eurasian little owl Athene vallgornerensis, with implications for the evolutionary history of the genus Athene (Aves: Strigidae).","authors":"Nikita Zelenkov","doi":"10.1002/ar.70334","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.70334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extant little owl (Athene noctua) and its relatives are iconic strigiform birds (Aves: Strigiformes) with a very poorly known evolutionary history. The anatomy and adaptation of early members of this group are poorly understood, as the fossil record of the genus Athene is very fragmentary prior to the Middle Pleistocene. The fossil taxon Athene vallgornerensis represents the earliest known species of Athene owls in Eurasia. Previously documented exclusively from the Lower Pleistocene of Mallorca and the Iberian Peninsula, this species was until now known from only a few postcranial elements, leaving its osteological characterization, adaptations and phylogenetic affinities highly uncertain. Here, I report a very rich collection of more than 350 fossil bones, including several partial skeletons, belonging to A. vallgornerensis from the Early Pleistocene (Calabrian, ~1.8-1.6 Ma) of Crimea (Eastern Europe). This material makes A. vallgornerensis the best-known pre-Late Pleistocene fossil owl species, permits the first comprehensive osteological description and reveals a mosaic morphology of A. vallgornerensis, partly similar to that of modern A. noctua, Athene brama and Athene cunicularia. Most importantly, the remarkably shortened hind limb (and tarsometatarsus in particular) aligns A. vallgornerensis with the phylogenetically basal and ecologically distinctive Athene blewitti, suggesting this fossil species could occupy a more arboreal or forest-edge niche than the open-country A. noctua and A. brama. The large sample size allows for the first quantitative assessment of individual variation in an Early Pleistocene European Athene population. The tarsometatarsus, in particular, exhibits remarkable intraspecific variability hinting at a high degree of phenotypic plasticity that may have served as raw material for adaptive evolution in the genus. These findings not only confirm the taxonomic validity of A. vallgornerensis but further provide critical insights into the early evolutionary history of Athene owls in Eurasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative mapping of NF200/ChAT-defined axonal profiles across the anatomical hierarchy of the human brachial plexus.","authors":"Yunuo Chen, Zhen Pang, Huitao Wang, Fei Wang, Yanqun Qiu, Wendong Xu","doi":"10.1002/ar.70321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brachial plexus is a critical neural network governing upper limb function. However, systematic quantitative data on axon-profile counts and marker-defined axonal composition at intermediate anatomical levels, particularly trunks and divisions, remain limited. Moreover, quantitative data on fascicle numbers across different anatomical levels of the brachial plexus remain scarce. Here, we analyzed brachial plexus specimens from 10 human donors using NF200/ChAT dual immunofluorescence staining to assess axon-profile counts and fascicular organization across five sampled anatomical levels: roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches. Within the sampled structures, NF200-positive axon-profile counts were numerically higher at proximal levels and lower at more distal sampled levels, whereas ChAT/NF200 double-positive profile counts showed less variation, with their proportional contribution increasing from 12.61% to 20.84%. Fascicle numbers were numerically highest at the trunk and cord levels. On representative qualitative inspection, no stable intrafascicular spatial pattern of ChAT/NF200 double-positive profiles was apparent. This study provides marker-defined quantitative anatomical reference data on NF200-positive axon-profile counts, ChAT/NF200-defined axonal composition, and fascicle numbers across five sampled anatomical levels of the human brachial plexus, including the under-quantified trunks and divisions. These data may serve as a foundation for future studies of brachial plexus anatomy, nerve repair planning, and neural interface design.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148908670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of hyaluronic acid and dextrose prolotherapy on surgically induced rat osteoarthritis: Single versus combined treatment.","authors":"Wael Amin Nasr El-Din, Bhagath Kumar Potu, Raouf Abdelrahman Fadel, Islam Omar Abdel Fattah","doi":"10.1002/ar.70345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disorder. This study explored therapeutic mechanisms of intra-articular (i.a.) hyaluronic acid (HA), and/or dextrose prolotherapy (DPT) on surgically induced OA. Rats were divided into five groups (n = 12): control, OA, HA, DPT, and DPT + HA groups. OA group revealed increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level, knee extension angle diameter, and CD44 immuno-expression, furthermore a decrease in cartilage thickness, chondrocyte density, and glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan cartilage contents. Radiologically and microscopically, OA caused joint cavity narrowing, articular damage, exposed subchondral bone, and a rough surface. These parameters were modulated in HA, DPT, and DPT + HA groups. There were significant decreased ALP level (404.35, 414.97, and 318.73 U/L) (OA = 425.65 U/L), extension angle (29.25°, 47.93°, and 26.42°) (OA = 52.78°), knee diameter (7.52, 7.04, and 6.92 mm) (OA = 8.87 mm) and CD44-immunopositive chondrocyte percentage (73.27%, 16.33%, and 83.40%) (OA = 87.95%), and increased cartilage thickness (155.24, 186.83, and 230.56 μm) (OA = 115.98 μm), chondrocyte density (2.24, 3.11, and 3.21 cell × 10^-3/μm²) (OA = 2.01 cell × 10-3/μm²), and glycosaminoglycan (0.653, 0.837, and 0.886) (OA = 0.485) and proteoglycan cartilage contents (0.588, 0.710, and 0.738) (OA = 0.340). There was no significant difference between HA and DPT groups except for extension angle, chondrocyte density, and glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan contents were higher in the HA group, and CD44-immunoexpression was higher in the HA group. In conclusion, combination of i.a. HA and DPT has the upper hand in mitigation of OA parameters and is recommended for OA treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148901850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}