Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)最新文献

The tiger salamander as a promising alternative model organism to the axolotl for fracture healing and regenerative biology research. 虎蝾螈是一种很有希望替代美西螈进行骨折愈合和再生生物学研究的模式生物。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70060

Vivien Bothe, Nadia Fröbisch

{"title":"The tiger salamander as a promising alternative model organism to the axolotl for fracture healing and regenerative biology research.","authors":"Vivien Bothe, Nadia Fröbisch","doi":"10.1002/ar.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70060","url":null,"abstract":"Scientists have been captivated by the ability to regenerate, focusing on uncovering the mechanisms of epimorphic regeneration and applying them to human medicine. The axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) has become the most intensively studied model in tetrapod regeneration research, particularly concerning limb regeneration. This research has provided significant insights into signaling pathways and factors regulating limb regeneration. However, most regeneration studies focus on controlled, surgical amputation experiments under strict laboratory conditions. This practice has limited the available data on natural bite-induced regeneration, which, however, is crucial for understanding the natural condition in wild populations and provides insights into the biology and evolution of regenerative capacities. Moreover, the axolotl's paedomorphic life history limits the generalization of findings to other salamander taxa. This study compares limb regeneration in axolotls and their metamorphosing sister taxon, the tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), across various ontogenetic stages to identify common and variable aspects of the regeneration process, providing a basis for future comparative studies in different salamander taxa. The results demonstrate that tiger salamanders have excellent regenerative capacity during the larval stage, which is in no way inferior to that of axolotls. Post-metamorphic tiger salamanders are still able to regenerate limbs. However, there is a clear slowdown in the speed of regeneration and an increase in skeletal anomalies. Axolotls are often subject to bite attacks even in the adult stage. This leads to severe pathologies in the limb anatomy after regeneration, up to severely restricted movement or non-functional limbs.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tongue morphology of the red-nosed mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied, 1821) and adaptive implications. 红鼻鼠的舌头形态（Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied, 1821）及其适应意义。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70065

Daniel César Barros Torres, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Gabrielli de Oliveira Silva, Rysónely Maclay de Oliveira, Moacir Franco de Oliveira

{"title":"Tongue morphology of the red-nosed mouse (Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos Wied-Neuwied, 1821) and adaptive implications.","authors":"Daniel César Barros Torres, Radan Elvis Matias de Oliveira, Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis, Gabrielli de Oliveira Silva, Rysónely Maclay de Oliveira, Moacir Franco de Oliveira","doi":"10.1002/ar.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70065","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological tongue studies are an interesting tool for assessing feeding habits and understanding evolutionary processes. In this context, this study aimed to describe the tongue morphology of the red-nosed mouse Wiedomys pyrrhorhinos, to establish a standard model for the species and infer potential morphological associations with feeding habits. Five tongues from adult females were obtained, stored in 4% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde, and analyzed both macroscopically and using light microscopy, histochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Tongue areas are categorized as apex, body, and root. Different types of papillae, that is, filiform (mechanical), fungiform, foliate, and vallate (taste), were identified. Filiform papillae vary morphologically, with both long and short pointed, long bifurcated, long trifurcated, and broad multifurcated papillae. The epithelium is organized in layers, including keratinized, granular, spinous, and basal, with a thin and slender lamina propria and well-developed musculature containing clusters of mucous and serous glands on the tongue root. The tongue morphology of W. pyrrhorhinos is, thus, characterized by filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate papillae, an adaptive pattern consistent with its omnivorous habit. Moreover, similarities with phylogenetically close species, such as the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus, reinforce the hypothesis of an evolutionarily conserved anatomical configuration within the Cricetidae family.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Functional microanatomy of nasal turbinals in bats. 蝙蝠鼻鼻甲的功能显微解剖学。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70047

Nicholas King, Julia Loeffler, Veronica Rosenberger, Franziska Wagner, Vaibhav Chhaya, Valerie DeLeon, Abigail Curtis, Thomas P Eiting, Sharlene E Santana, Timothy D Smith

{"title":"Functional microanatomy of nasal turbinals in bats.","authors":"Nicholas King, Julia Loeffler, Veronica Rosenberger, Franziska Wagner, Vaibhav Chhaya, Valerie DeLeon, Abigail Curtis, Thomas P Eiting, Sharlene E Santana, Timothy D Smith","doi":"10.1002/ar.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70047","url":null,"abstract":"Nasal turbinals are scrolled or folded internal nasal bones. In bats, prior work suggests turbinal anatomy is simplified in association with laryngeal echolocation (especially nasal emitting bats) and in association with insectivory. Using histology and iodine-enhanced micro-computed tomography, we examined a sample of 83 adult bats (54 species) to test these hypotheses more broadly across Chiroptera. Compared to bats that lack the capacity for laryngeal echolocation (i.e., Pteropodidae), all echolocating bats lack some of the more peripheral turbinals (e.g., interturbinals), and many lack at least one ethmoturbinal. Generally, turbinals are simple and plate-like in echolocating bats; most lack the scrolled turbinal morphology seen in pteropodids. When ethmoturbinals are measured in summed cross-sectional perimeters, pteropodids exhibit greater complexity in the olfactory recess compared to all echolocators. In contrast, some echolocators lack any olfactory recess. Bats that emit calls through the nasal cavity have novel turbinal morphology that could play a role in modifying calls. A preliminary quantitative survey suggests frugivores have greater olfactory surface area than other dietary groups, with as much as 66% of the nasal cavity lined with olfactory mucosa in the frugivorous pteropodid Cynopterus sphinx. Also, frugivorous bats within Phyllostomidae possess more elaborate turbinals than species belonging to other dietary groups in the family, including greatly enlarged interturbinals in the frugivorous Artibeus jamaicensis. Nevertheless, olfactory reduction (e.g., olfactory recess absence) is not universally seen among insectivores. Our results emphasize the multifunctionality of turbinals and suggest the evolution of differential growth rates and novel functions of the nasal cavity in extant bats.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new species of bush rat from the Early Pliocene Upper Siwaliks of Mohand (Uttar Pradesh, India) with implications for a South Asian origin of the genus Golunda. 印度北方邦莫汉德上新世早期上西瓦里克斯丛林鼠一新种及其南亚起源的意义。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70066

Ningthoujam Premjit Singh, Ramesh Kumar Sehgal, Abhishek Pratap Singh, Rajeev Patnaik, Christopher C Gilbert, Biren A Patel, Konsam Nildy Devi, Rigzen Angmo, Haroon Nazir

{"title":"A new species of bush rat from the Early Pliocene Upper Siwaliks of Mohand (Uttar Pradesh, India) with implications for a South Asian origin of the genus Golunda.","authors":"Ningthoujam Premjit Singh, Ramesh Kumar Sehgal, Abhishek Pratap Singh, Rajeev Patnaik, Christopher C Gilbert, Biren A Patel, Konsam Nildy Devi, Rigzen Angmo, Haroon Nazir","doi":"10.1002/ar.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70066","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian bush rat (Golunda ellioti) is the only extant representative of the genus Golunda. The genus, however, was much more diverse and widely distributed in the past, with fossil specimens recovered in West Asia, East Africa, and the Indian subcontinent. In this study, we report a new species of Golunda from Mohand (ML1), Saharanpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India. We describe morphological differences in the dentition between this new species and other members of the genus, and discuss the implications of its evolutionary history. The new species is characterized by comparatively small molars, with less elongated and moderately inclined cusps. The fossils come from the upper part of the section at the level of 1760 m, which corresponds to the time frame between the chrons C3n.3r and C3n.3n, about 4.9 Ma depending on the paleomagnetic time scale. Therefore, the fossil locality falls in the pre-Pinjor Upper Siwaliks of India, suggesting an Early Pliocene age rather than the Late Miocene age as inferred by earlier workers. The newly discovered species of Golunda predates fossil African species of the genus, supporting the hypothesis that Golunda may have originated in the Indian subcontinent rather than in Africa.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New insights on the tarsus of Chanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971 (Archosauriformes) and its evolutionary implications. Chanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971（始龙目）跗骨的新认识及其进化意义。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70061

Agustín Cotuli-Cereda, Federico L Agnolín, Jordi A Garcia-Marsà, Fernando E Novas

{"title":"New insights on the tarsus of Chanaresuchus bonapartei Romer, 1971 (Archosauriformes) and its evolutionary implications.","authors":"Agustín Cotuli-Cereda, Federico L Agnolín, Jordi A Garcia-Marsà, Fernando E Novas","doi":"10.1002/ar.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70061","url":null,"abstract":"Chanaresuchus bonapartei is a species of proterochampsid archosauriform found in the late Landinian-early Carnian aged Chañares Formation of Triassic Argentina. In spite of the fact that its anatomy is relatively well-known, the tarsus remains poorly understood. Here, we describe and compare in detail the astragalus and calcaneum of newly recovered Chanaresuchus specimens. The new material shows a combination of characters previously unknown in other basal archosauriforms including a reduced anterior hollow, contiguous crural facets, a concave anterior surface and convex posterior surface on the astragalus, an anteromedially acute corner, and a mediolaterally constricted calcaneal tuber which is posterolaterally oriented by about 45°. In addition, it possesses a convex articular surface for the fibula in the calcaneum and a subvertically oriented perforating astragalocalcaneal canal, features currently unknown in other proterochampsids, and which may be autapomorphic for the species. Furthermore, we found a functional mesotarsal tarsus, as in the closely related Tropidosuchus. The presence in the astragalus of a reduced anterior hollow located under the fibular facet, an acute anteromedial corner, added to the presence of an ascending process, a dorsally concave medial surface for the tibia, a concave anterior surface and convex posterior surface on the astragalus, an astragalus anteroposteriorly thicker medially than laterally, and a mediolaterally constricted calcaneal tuber are features shared with Ornithodira.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145215523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ontogeny of murine bony semicircular canal form. 小鼠骨半规管形态的个体发生。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70064

Marcela Cárdenas-Serna, Nathan Jeffery

{"title":"Ontogeny of murine bony semicircular canal form.","authors":"Marcela Cárdenas-Serna, Nathan Jeffery","doi":"10.1002/ar.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70064","url":null,"abstract":"The labyrinthine geometry and functional anatomy of the semicircular canals have intrigued scientists for decades, and there has been considerable interest in understanding how these complex structures grow and develop with evidence emerging from human studies that size maturation occurs exceptionally early by comparison with other systems. Here we seek to extend the empirical evidence base and our understanding by investigating canal ontogeny in a non-human species. The postnatal development of the murine bony semicircular canals was investigated to determine the timing of size and shape maturation in relation to ossification of the surrounding otic capsule. Using micro-CT imaging and geometric morphometric analysis of 43 male C57BL/6J mice across six developmental stages (postnatal days 1-48 and 26 months), this study reveals that the semicircular canals undergo rapid growth and shape transformation within the first postnatal week. Ossification begins between P1 and P7, coinciding with the most significant observed increases in canal length and configuration shape. By P14, the canals are fully encased in a thin layer of bone, and subsequent changes are minimal, mostly in size, indicating morphological stabilization. This is further supported by a decrease in size variability as ossification progresses. These findings support the hypothesis that ossification imposes a progressively tighter constraint on canal form, as reflected by the gradual reduction in shape variation past the onset of ossification. Cross-section area shows negligible variation, suggesting early maturation of this feature. These findings highlight a brief but critical window of morphological plasticity in early postnatal life, with implications for interpreting vestibular development and fossil ontogeny in mammals.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical shape modeling of the human inner ear through micro-computed tomography imaging. 基于微计算机断层成像的人内耳统计形状建模。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70062

Carmine Spedaliere, Alexandra Vaupotic, Jaehyun Hwang, Khalil Husein, Mustafa Hafidh, Kyle Rioux, S Alireza Rohani, Sumit K Agrawal, Hanif M Ladak

{"title":"Statistical shape modeling of the human inner ear through micro-computed tomography imaging.","authors":"Carmine Spedaliere, Alexandra Vaupotic, Jaehyun Hwang, Khalil Husein, Mustafa Hafidh, Kyle Rioux, S Alireza Rohani, Sumit K Agrawal, Hanif M Ladak","doi":"10.1002/ar.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70062","url":null,"abstract":"The human inner ear (IE) is a complex structure whose morphological variability underpins both normal function and the manifestation of otologic pathologies. Previous studies aiming to describe the structural variability of the IE have been limited by low-resolution imaging and small sample numbers. This study utilized the largest number of cadaveric high-resolution micro-computed tomography (CT) images to date to characterize the bony morphology of the healthy human IE. Fifty-four cadaveric temporal bone specimens underwent micro-CT imaging. Images were semi-automatically segmented and converted to three-dimensional surface mesh models for morphological measurement and analysis. Statistical shape models (SSMs) were created for the IE, cochlea, and vestibular system, as well as for sex- and side-based subgroups. Normative ranges for linear and volumetric dimensions of the IE were determined, and mean values were consistent with those previously reported. Significant sex-based differences and strong univariate linear relationships were identified for many dimensions and volumes. SSMs highlighted the semicircular canals, cochlear basal turn, and hook regions as key contributors to morphological variability across the total sample set. Sex-specific SSMs revealed distinct variation patterns: females exhibited greater vestibular variability, while males showed cochlear basal turn/hook region variability. Multivariate models were developed for the prediction of IE volumes from dimensions obtainable from clinical quality scans, with high accuracy. The morphological variability of the healthy IE was described in extensive detail and depicted in three dimensions. These findings may be used to inform the assessment of IE malformations, analysis of drug delivery strategies to the IE, and otologic implant design optimization.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting a long-overlooked skull: Implications for the distribution of Dinodontosaurus brevirostris (Kannemeyeriiformes) in the Brazilian Triassic. 重新审视一个长期被忽视的头骨：对巴西三叠纪短喙龙（Kannemeyeriiformes）分布的影响。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70056

Julia Lara Rodrigues de Souza, João Lucas Da Silva, Voltaire D P Neto, Arielli Fabrício Machado, Juan A Escobar, Felipe L Pinheiro

{"title":"Revisiting a long-overlooked skull: Implications for the distribution of Dinodontosaurus brevirostris (Kannemeyeriiformes) in the Brazilian Triassic.","authors":"Julia Lara Rodrigues de Souza, João Lucas Da Silva, Voltaire D P Neto, Arielli Fabrício Machado, Juan A Escobar, Felipe L Pinheiro","doi":"10.1002/ar.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Dicynodonts (Anomodontia: Dicynodontia) were one of the main groups of terrestrial tetrapods in Permian and Triassic faunas. In Brazil, the genus Dinodontosaurus is one of the most common tetrapod taxon in the Triassic Santa Maria Supersequence. This genus has a complex taxonomic history and is represented in the Triassic of both Argentina and Brazil. Nevertheless, only the species Dinodontosaurus tener is currently recognized as being present in Brazil. Dinodontosaurus tener exhibits high morphological variability among known specimens, partly due to taphonomic alterations but also potentially reflecting intraspecific or even interspecific variation. This study evaluates the morphology and taxonomic assignment of specimen MCP-1645-PV, a relatively well-preserved skull whose morphology was briefly described in the 1980s and at that time attributed to the genus Chanaria. Currently, Chanaria platyceps is considered synonymous with Dinodontosaurus brevirostris, a species regarded as endemic to Argentina. In this contribution, we reassess the morphology of specimen MCP-1645-PV and its possible classification as Dinodontosaurus brevirostris, in light of recent advances in the understanding of Dinodontosaurus taxonomy. Based on anatomical and morphometric comparisons, our study indicates the presence of Dinodontosaurus brevirostris in the Brazilian Triassic, highlighting the need for a critical reassessment of historical specimens.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of IHH, PTCH1, and SMO protein immunohistochemistry in the human mandibular condyle at fetal stages from 30 to 80 mm greatest length. 30 ~ 80 mm最大长度胎儿期人下颌髁IHH、PTCH1和SMO蛋白免疫组化评价

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70059

Filipe Santos da Silva, Carolina de Oliveira Gigek, Andreia Fabiana Do Vale Franco, Amanda Alves Ribeiro Massoni, José Ramon Mérida-Velasco, Luís Otávio Carvalho de Moraes

{"title":"Evaluation of IHH, PTCH1, and SMO protein immunohistochemistry in the human mandibular condyle at fetal stages from 30 to 80 mm greatest length.","authors":"Filipe Santos da Silva, Carolina de Oliveira Gigek, Andreia Fabiana Do Vale Franco, Amanda Alves Ribeiro Massoni, José Ramon Mérida-Velasco, Luís Otávio Carvalho de Moraes","doi":"10.1002/ar.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70059","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the morphogenesis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in human fetuses during the third month of gestation through the analysis of immunohistochemistry for the proteins Indian Hedgehog (IHH), Patched-1 (PTCH1), and Smoothened (SMO). These proteins are critical components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in the embryonic development. Together, they transduce essential intracellular signals for cartilage and bone development and regulate chondrocyte differentiation and growth as part of the synergistic molecular mechanisms that converge to form synovial joints, including the TMJ. A prospective observational study was conducted on six human fetuses at fetal stages ranging from 30 to 80 mm greatest length (estimated to range between 9 and 12 weeks gestational age). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for morphological analysis, and protein immunostaining was assessed through immunohistochemistry. The percentage of immunostaining was quantified using digital image analysis with ImageJ software. IHH immunostaining peaked at the 30 mm stage (4.63%), decreased at 60 mm (2.16%), increased at 70 mm (3.70%), and declined again at 80 mm (2.75%). PTCH1 showed the highest immunostaining at 30 mm (5.35%), with a progressive decrease to its lowest level at 80 mm (1.18%). SMO immunostaining was highest at 30 mm (4.07%), decreased at 60 mm (1.80%), and increased at 70 mm (2.63%) and 80 mm (3.52%). Strong correlations were found between IHH and PTCH1 (rho = 0.70) and between IHH and SMO (rho = 0.70), while PTCH1 and SMO showed a moderate correlation (rho = -0.30). These findings highlight the dynamic protein activity and their critical roles in TMJ morphogenesis.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The revision of baphetids from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic: Morphology, ontogeny, palaeoecology, and the reassessment of the phylogeny of Baphetoidea. 捷克中宾西法尼亚的小蝌蚪的修正：形态、个体发育、古生态学和小蝌蚪总科系统发育的重新评估。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70054

Pavel Barták, Martin Ivanov, Boris Ekrt

{"title":"The revision of baphetids from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic: Morphology, ontogeny, palaeoecology, and the reassessment of the phylogeny of Baphetoidea.","authors":"Pavel Barták, Martin Ivanov, Boris Ekrt","doi":"10.1002/ar.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70054","url":null,"abstract":"The baphetoids represent a clade of the Carboniferous stem-tetrapods (Middle Mississippian-Middle Pennsylvanian) with a characteristic extension of the orbits into antorbital vacuities, which formed keyhole-shaped openings on the skull. The more derived baphetids were crocodile-like piscivores frequently occurring in coal-bearing lacustrine deposits with abundant fish fauna and known from Central and Western Europe, the United States, and Canada. Several important specimens referred to the group have historically been reported from the late Carboniferous (Moscovian) of the Czech Republic, but the thorough revision and comparison of this material have never been fully undertaken. Here we provide a morphological revision of all available baphetid material from the late Carboniferous of the Czech Republic, including one newly described specimen. The part of the presumably lost type material of Loxomma bohemicum was rediscovered and shown here to represent a poorly preserved lower jaw fragment of the temnospondyl Capetus palustris, while all remaining material can be referred to Baphetes orientalis and provides an important insight into the poorly known baphetid ontogeny. The species can be characterized by the postorbital with a very thin and sharply pointed postfrontal process and a slightly elongate rectangular lateral process of the bone. Other characteristics formerly used to diagnose this species are most likely ontogenetically influenced. The results of the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Baphetoidea to date indicate that Baphetinae might be polyphyletic, while \"Loxomma\" lintonensis has been recovered outside the clade Loxommatinae and cannot be confidently assigned to the Loxomma genus on morphological grounds.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0