Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)最新文献

{"title":"Dental crown morphological variation and heterodonty in carcharhiniform sharks.","authors":"Flávia Zanini, Karla D A Soares","doi":"10.1002/ar.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elasmobranch teeth are highly mineralized structures that constitute the majority of the fossil record for this group. Despite their taxonomic and evolutionary significance, detailed descriptions of dental morphology remain scarce. The order Carcharhiniformes, the most diverse among sharks, comprises 304 valid species that display remarkable diversity and complexity in dentition. This study aims to describe and illustrate crown morphological variation within Carcharhiniformes, with a focus on family-level patterns and types of heterodonty. Tooth samples were obtained from specimens preserved in 70% ethanol and from dry jaws. A total of 66 samples, representing all families except Dichichthyidae, were examined and photographed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The types of heterodonty considered include dignathic, gynandric, monognathic, and ontogenetic. Dignathic and monognathic heterodonty were further classified as weak, moderate, and strong. Four sub-arrangements were recognized: imbricate, independent, mixed, and overlap, as well as the pavement and independent dentition arrangements. New data reveal previously unrecognized patterns of variation across the four types of heterodonty in Carcharhinidae, Scyliorhinidae, Proscylliidae, Triakidae, and Pentanchidae. High-resolution SEM images allowed detailed characterization of crown morphology, highlighting subtle diagnostic features and family-level differences across heterodonty types. Dental complexity in Carcharhiniformes is largely driven by the distribution and combination of heterodonty types. These detailed dental descriptions provide a valuable framework for understanding the diversity and evolutionary significance of dentition within the most diverse order of sharks.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":"3432-3454"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13645034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadal development in scorpion mud-turtles, Kinosternon scorpioides, in a controlled environment.","authors":"Brenda Braga, Verônica Oliveira-Bahia, Maria Auxiliadora Ferreira, José Ribamar Felipe Marques, Diva Araújo Guimarães","doi":"10.1002/ar.70116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ar.70116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on gonadal development including sexual differentiation of gonads in chelonians is essential for understanding the mechanisms that determine offspring sex and, consequently, the sex ratio of egg clutches. This directly impacts population structure, as sex ratios influence reproductive dynamics and species' long-term viability. The aim of this study was to characterize the gonadal development of scorpion mud-turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides). A total of 85 embryos from stages 12-26 were analyzed, kept under digital temperature control (28.5 ± 0.5°C). The reproductive system was dissected and processed for histological analysis using light and transmission electron microscopy. The average incubation time was 117.35 ± 9.5 days. From stage 12 onwards, gonadal ridges containing primordial germ cells (PGCs) were observed. At stage 14, the undifferentiated gonads consisted of cuboidal coelomic epithelial cells that invaginated to form cord-like structures containing germ cells. At stage 20, at approximately 50 days of incubation, sexual differentiation of gonads was noted. The ovaries showed a cortical region containing oogonia and oocytes, and a medullary region with a stroma rich in vessels. The testes were characterized by a peripheral band of dense connective tissue beneath the tunica albuginea, and by the presence of seminiferous tubules occupying the central portion of the organ. The results of this study provide important information on the gonadal development of K. scorpioides, as the identification of the moment of gonadal differentiation, stage 20, makes it possible to understand the influence of the environment on sex determination. These findings provide support for the reproductive management of K. scorpioides and can be applied directly to the sexual control of populations in situ and ex situ.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":"3455-3466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145822515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human digital Meissner's corpuscles are not doubly innervated.","authors":"Patricia Cuendias, Yolanda García-Mesa, Iván Suazo, Marta Alonso-Guervós, Jorge García-Piqueras, Ana M Abreu-Velez, Olivia García-Suárez, Jorge Feito, José A Vega","doi":"10.1002/ar.70361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown that murine and avian Meissner-like corpuscles are innervated by two distinct mechanoreceptor afferents with different functional properties. In addition, there is evidence that one subpopulation of Meissner corpuscles of monkeys is doubly innervated by mechanoreceptors and nociceptors. In humans, however, most Meissner corpuscles are supplied by a single axon. In the present study, different techniques were used (silver impregnation, immunohistochemistry for axon markers, axonal 3D reconstruction, and double immunofluorescence associated with confocal laser microscopy) to analyze whether human digital Meissner's corpuscles have double innervation. The percentage of Meissner corpuscles with apparent double innervation was minimal, about 2%, but these data were not confirmed when sections processed for double immunofluorescence for peripherin plus neurofilament proteins or TrkB plus Ret were analyzed. In fact, TrkB co-localized with Ret in the axon of Meissner's corpuscles. In the 3D axonal reconstructions, there was no evidence of double innervation but the single axon had different calibers along its path and very fine collateral protrusions. The present results demonstrate that most human digital Meissner's corpuscles (around 95-98%) are innervated by a single axon in which TrkB and Ret co-localize, instead of being supplied by two independent TrkB- and Ret-positive axons as occurs in other species.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular morphology and morphometry of the great egret (Ardea alba): A comprehensive anatomical description.","authors":"Julia Vaz Feio, Max Alex Santos Ferreira, Iara Fernanda Lima do Espírito Santo, Elane Guerreiro Giese, Érika Branco, Antônio Basílio Guerreiro Junior, Ana Rita de Lima","doi":"10.1002/ar.70379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ardea alba (Linnaeus, 1758) is widely distributed, yet knowledge of its ocular morphology remains limited. This study described the morphometry and morphology of the eyeball and its accessory glands in six specimens using radiography, morphometry, light and scanning electron microscopy, and 3D scanning. The eyeballs showed similar descriptive morphometric values in the right and left eyes, accounting for approximately 11.2% of head mass and 12.12% of total skull length. The eye was classified as the flat type, a morphology previously associated in the literature with diurnal birds, featuring a yellow iris and a circular pupil. The scleral ring consists of 14 bilateral type A ossicles associated with hyaline scleral cartilage. Histologically, the cornea showed a well-defined Bowman's membrane, and the retina had 10 distinct layers. The pleated type pecten emerged from the optic nerve and extended toward the vitreous body. The accessory glands were characterized as follows: the Harderian gland (type II) was the most developed; the lacrimal gland was \"hockey-stick\" shaped; and the nasal gland (salt gland) was supraorbital in location and pyramidal in appearance. These results provide a robust anatomical basis for comparative avian ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149208399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First definitive record of a silesaurid (Avemetatarsalia: Dinosauriformes) from the Upper Triassic of India with new insights on its origin and dispersal.","authors":"Sulagna Sen, Pranil Basu, Sanghamitra Ray","doi":"10.1002/ar.70366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the first record of a silesaurid based on an incomplete skull and articulated mandible recovered from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India. The new taxon, Rewasaurus minori gen et sp. nov., is distinguished from other silesaurids by a unique combination of craniodental features, including five premaxillary teeth, of which three anterior teeth are procumbent and cylindrical, upper dentition proportionally shorter than the lower dentition, and an anterior dentary tip positioned nearly in the same plane with the remainder alveolar margin. Additionally, two isolated partial femora were recovered from the same stratigraphic horizon though from a different fossil locality. Our comprehensive phylogenetic analyses based on two different data matrices recovered Rewasaurus as either having a polytomous relationship within the monophyletic clade Silesauridae or as an early-diverging sulcimentisaurian ornithischian having a sister-taxon relationship with Diodorus scytobrachion. Although the isolated femora are recovered as a silesaurid, the absence of overlapping skeletal elements precludes a confident assignment to Rewasaurus. A grasping feeding apparatus adapted for exploiting easily processed soft-bodied preys and plant material available in the Tiki floodplains is suggested for Rewasaurus. A time-calibrated phylogenetic tree suggests that the silesaurids underwent two major diversification phases and dispersed eastward and northward, with the former commencing considerably later. The notable scarcity of silesaurids and/or unambiguous ornithischians during the Rhaetian may be associated with global environmental perturbation across the Norian-Rhaetian Boundary.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149198718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First evidence of a mandibular crest in Brasileodactylus Kellner, 1984 (Pterosauria, Pteranodontoidea, Anhangueridae), with comments on pterosaur headcrests.","authors":"Anderson da Silva Nascimento, Rubi Vargas Pêgas, Alessandra Silveira Machado, Ricardo Tadeu Lopes, Fabiana Rodrigues Costa","doi":"10.1002/ar.70364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brasileodactylus araripensis Kellner, 1984, is a toothed pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Romualdo Formation of the Araripe Basin, Brazil. Traditionally regarded as crestless, the species has been central to debates on anhanguerid taxonomy, as most members of the clade possess well-developed sagittal cranial or dentary crests. Here we describe a nearly complete lower jaw (MCT.R.1473) that reveals, for the first time, the presence of a sagittal dentary crest in Brasileodactylus araripensis. The specimen was examined through high-resolution computed tomography and incorporated into the most comprehensive phylogenetic dataset for Pterosauria, which recovered it within Anhanguerinae in close association with Brasileodactylus Kellner, 1984. The new specimen shares many diagnostic features of the taxon, including accessory sulci, paired occlusal foramina, and a sharp odontoid process, confirming its referral. Comparative data indicate that crested individuals of Brasileodactylus represent the largest known specimens of the taxon, tentatively suggesting that crest development occurred late in ontogeny (potentially following a size-related pattern, as seen in other anhanguerids) and was possibly influenced by sexual dimorphism. The discovery of a crested Brasileodactylus araripensis challenges the assumption that crest absence can be used as a diagnostic feature, reinforcing the role of ontogeny and sexual selection in shaping pterosaur cranial morphology and underscoring the need for caution in taxonomy based primarily on crest variation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of doublecortin in the developing retina of birds: A comparative analysis.","authors":"Javier Francisco-Morcillo, José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez, Violeta Calle-Guisado, Gervasio Martín-Partido, Joaquín Rodríguez-León, Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán","doi":"10.1002/ar.70382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The avian retina presents an elegant and highly accessible model for investigating the spatial and temporal dynamics of neurogenesis within the central nervous system. In recent years, the microtubule cytoskeleton has emerged not merely as a structural scaffold, but as a dynamic regulator of the transition of a morphologically homogeneous pool of multipotent progenitor cells to postmitotic neurons. Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein broadly recognized for its fundamental roles in neuronal migration, differentiation, and structural plasticity within the developing nervous system. While its roles in the brain are well-documented, the precise spatiotemporal distribution of DCX in the developing retina of birds remains poorly understood. In this study we investigated the expression pattern of DCX during embryonic development of the retina of one altricial (zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata) and two precocial (chicken, Gallus gallus; Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix) bird species using immunohistochemical techniques. Our results demonstrated that the onset of DCX expression coincided chronotopographically with the onset of neurogenesis in the developing retina. In these early stages, DCX expression is tightly colocalized with the neuronal marker class III β-tubulin. As retinal histogenesis progressed to more advanced stages, DCX expression persisted and segregated into specific subsets of ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cells. Furthermore, prominent immunoreactivity was maintained within the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ), highlighting its association with late-stage retinal progenitors and ongoing neurogenesis. These findings reveal a conserved spatiotemporal expression pattern of DCX across diverse avian species. Furthermore, it suggests that some elements of the cytoskeleton and its associated regulatory proteins form a functional continuous biological continuum: first acting as drivers of neurogenesis and migration and, subsequently, transitioning into structural stabilizers that lock in and maintain the complex morphology of fully differentiated, mature retinal neurons.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note on the presence and sexual dimorphism of midventral glands in African spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus).","authors":"Jacqueline Cupo, Malcolm Maden, Justin Varholick","doi":"10.1002/ar.70380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Midventral skin glands secrete odors that mediate social contexts and are commonly found in rodents in the Cricetidae family rather than those in the Muridae family. African spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus) are rodents in the family Muridae known for their remarkable regenerative abilities, menstruation, tail osteoderms, and unique social behaviors, including cooperative breeding, communal parenting, and low aggression. They are also related to gerbils (Meriones), which are among the few murids that lack preputial glands and instead scent-mark with midventral glands. Acomys also lack preputial glands, but whether they have midventral glands is less well known. Here, we determined that Acomys have midventral glands near the umbilicus. As in Meriones, male Acomys had larger midventral glands that were visible after depilation. Immunohistochemistry showed that midventral glands in both sexes were positive for androgen receptors, suggesting they may be under androgen control. This investigation provides basic information on the presence, location, structure, and sexual dimorphism of the midventral glands in Acomys, providing a morphological baseline for comparative studies of social signaling across the Muridae family.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphofunctional indices and ontogeny of long bones of the limbs in the frogs.","authors":"Mónica C Soliz, María J Tulli","doi":"10.1002/ar.70381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anuran limbs offer a valuable model for exploring how selective pressures, developmental constraints, and morphological evolution interact. While previous research has largely focused on total limb length, little is known about ontogenetic changes in the proportions of individual limb bones. This study introduces a novel approach using morphofunctional indices to investigate the functional roles of frog limbs, linking morphology to habitat use and locomotion. We present morphological and ontogenetic data from anurans in northwestern Argentina, emphasizing functionally relevant bone indices. Measurements were taken of 18 long bone dimensions (humerus, radioulna, femur, tibiofibula, tarsals) across 79 specimens at metamorphic, juvenile, and adult stages. Eight morphofunctional indices were calculated, including five newly proposed ones. Indices such as radioulna robustness, groove position, femur and tibiofibula robustness, and tarsal fusion differed among ecological and locomotor groups. Terrestrial hopper-walkers such as Rhinella arenarum and Rhinella spinulosa have more robust hind limb bones and shorter, less-fused tarsals than jumpers like Boana riojana. These traits may be functionally associated with short-distance jumping and shock absorption. We also observed a slenderness-robustness gradient across species, reflecting locomotor strategies. Stylopodial elements show negative allometry, while zeugopodial elements exhibit positive allometry, indicating increased precision and flexibility in limb function throughout development.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological description of the oropharyngeal cavity of Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766), (Testudines: Kinosternidae).","authors":"Andréa Magalhães Bezerra, Diego Ferreira de Sousa, Luane Botelho, André Luís Nogueira Lima, Érika Branco, Elane Guerreiro Giese, Washington Luís Pereira, Ana Rita de Lima","doi":"10.1002/ar.70372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oropharyngeal cavity of turtles exhibits considerable morphological diversity associated with differences in habitat, diet, and feeding strategies. However, the structural organization of this region remains poorly characterized in many Testudines, including Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides, therefore, we aim to characterize the morphological aspects of the oropharyngeal cavity of K. s. scorpioides reported using macroscopic descriptions, light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). LM revealed that almost the entire epithelium lining the oropharyngeal cavity of K. s. scorpioides is of the non-keratinized stratified mucous type, containing many mucous cells and numerous mucous glands throughout the lingual epithelium, palate and floor of the mouth, with the exception of the region located near the rhinopharynx, which presented a stratified keratinized squamous epithelial tissue containing taste buds, not observed on the tongue. SEM revealed that the entire epithelium of the oropharyngeal cavity has pores that are likely associated with the mucous glands observed in LM, and the surface of the tongue is covered by voluminous lingual papillae of varying sizes and shapes (filiform and fungiform types), which had cells covered by microvilli and/or microcysts. No salivary glands were observed. Compared with morphological data from other species, this study indicates that the epithelial structure of the oropharyngeal cavity of K. s. scorpioides is consistent with that observed in other generalist omnivores with semi-aquatic habits, thus corresponding to ecological information about this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149187586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}