Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)最新文献_第2页

Ontogeny of murine bony semicircular canal form. 小鼠骨半规管形态的个体发生。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70064

Marcela Cárdenas-Serna, Nathan Jeffery

{"title":"Ontogeny of murine bony semicircular canal form.","authors":"Marcela Cárdenas-Serna, Nathan Jeffery","doi":"10.1002/ar.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70064","url":null,"abstract":"The labyrinthine geometry and functional anatomy of the semicircular canals have intrigued scientists for decades, and there has been considerable interest in understanding how these complex structures grow and develop with evidence emerging from human studies that size maturation occurs exceptionally early by comparison with other systems. Here we seek to extend the empirical evidence base and our understanding by investigating canal ontogeny in a non-human species. The postnatal development of the murine bony semicircular canals was investigated to determine the timing of size and shape maturation in relation to ossification of the surrounding otic capsule. Using micro-CT imaging and geometric morphometric analysis of 43 male C57BL/6J mice across six developmental stages (postnatal days 1-48 and 26 months), this study reveals that the semicircular canals undergo rapid growth and shape transformation within the first postnatal week. Ossification begins between P1 and P7, coinciding with the most significant observed increases in canal length and configuration shape. By P14, the canals are fully encased in a thin layer of bone, and subsequent changes are minimal, mostly in size, indicating morphological stabilization. This is further supported by a decrease in size variability as ossification progresses. These findings support the hypothesis that ossification imposes a progressively tighter constraint on canal form, as reflected by the gradual reduction in shape variation past the onset of ossification. Cross-section area shows negligible variation, suggesting early maturation of this feature. These findings highlight a brief but critical window of morphological plasticity in early postnatal life, with implications for interpreting vestibular development and fossil ontogeny in mammals.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Statistical shape modeling of the human inner ear through micro-computed tomography imaging. 基于微计算机断层成像的人内耳统计形状建模。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70062

Carmine Spedaliere, Alexandra Vaupotic, Jaehyun Hwang, Khalil Husein, Mustafa Hafidh, Kyle Rioux, S Alireza Rohani, Sumit K Agrawal, Hanif M Ladak

{"title":"Statistical shape modeling of the human inner ear through micro-computed tomography imaging.","authors":"Carmine Spedaliere, Alexandra Vaupotic, Jaehyun Hwang, Khalil Husein, Mustafa Hafidh, Kyle Rioux, S Alireza Rohani, Sumit K Agrawal, Hanif M Ladak","doi":"10.1002/ar.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70062","url":null,"abstract":"The human inner ear (IE) is a complex structure whose morphological variability underpins both normal function and the manifestation of otologic pathologies. Previous studies aiming to describe the structural variability of the IE have been limited by low-resolution imaging and small sample numbers. This study utilized the largest number of cadaveric high-resolution micro-computed tomography (CT) images to date to characterize the bony morphology of the healthy human IE. Fifty-four cadaveric temporal bone specimens underwent micro-CT imaging. Images were semi-automatically segmented and converted to three-dimensional surface mesh models for morphological measurement and analysis. Statistical shape models (SSMs) were created for the IE, cochlea, and vestibular system, as well as for sex- and side-based subgroups. Normative ranges for linear and volumetric dimensions of the IE were determined, and mean values were consistent with those previously reported. Significant sex-based differences and strong univariate linear relationships were identified for many dimensions and volumes. SSMs highlighted the semicircular canals, cochlear basal turn, and hook regions as key contributors to morphological variability across the total sample set. Sex-specific SSMs revealed distinct variation patterns: females exhibited greater vestibular variability, while males showed cochlear basal turn/hook region variability. Multivariate models were developed for the prediction of IE volumes from dimensions obtainable from clinical quality scans, with high accuracy. The morphological variability of the healthy IE was described in extensive detail and depicted in three dimensions. These findings may be used to inform the assessment of IE malformations, analysis of drug delivery strategies to the IE, and otologic implant design optimization.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting a long-overlooked skull: Implications for the distribution of Dinodontosaurus brevirostris (Kannemeyeriiformes) in the Brazilian Triassic. 重新审视一个长期被忽视的头骨：对巴西三叠纪短喙龙（Kannemeyeriiformes）分布的影响。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70056

Julia Lara Rodrigues de Souza, João Lucas Da Silva, Voltaire D P Neto, Arielli Fabrício Machado, Juan A Escobar, Felipe L Pinheiro

{"title":"Revisiting a long-overlooked skull: Implications for the distribution of Dinodontosaurus brevirostris (Kannemeyeriiformes) in the Brazilian Triassic.","authors":"Julia Lara Rodrigues de Souza, João Lucas Da Silva, Voltaire D P Neto, Arielli Fabrício Machado, Juan A Escobar, Felipe L Pinheiro","doi":"10.1002/ar.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70056","url":null,"abstract":"Dicynodonts (Anomodontia: Dicynodontia) were one of the main groups of terrestrial tetrapods in Permian and Triassic faunas. In Brazil, the genus Dinodontosaurus is one of the most common tetrapod taxon in the Triassic Santa Maria Supersequence. This genus has a complex taxonomic history and is represented in the Triassic of both Argentina and Brazil. Nevertheless, only the species Dinodontosaurus tener is currently recognized as being present in Brazil. Dinodontosaurus tener exhibits high morphological variability among known specimens, partly due to taphonomic alterations but also potentially reflecting intraspecific or even interspecific variation. This study evaluates the morphology and taxonomic assignment of specimen MCP-1645-PV, a relatively well-preserved skull whose morphology was briefly described in the 1980s and at that time attributed to the genus Chanaria. Currently, Chanaria platyceps is considered synonymous with Dinodontosaurus brevirostris, a species regarded as endemic to Argentina. In this contribution, we reassess the morphology of specimen MCP-1645-PV and its possible classification as Dinodontosaurus brevirostris, in light of recent advances in the understanding of Dinodontosaurus taxonomy. Based on anatomical and morphometric comparisons, our study indicates the presence of Dinodontosaurus brevirostris in the Brazilian Triassic, highlighting the need for a critical reassessment of historical specimens.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of IHH, PTCH1, and SMO protein immunohistochemistry in the human mandibular condyle at fetal stages from 30 to 80 mm greatest length. 30 ~ 80 mm最大长度胎儿期人下颌髁IHH、PTCH1和SMO蛋白免疫组化评价

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70059

Filipe Santos da Silva, Carolina de Oliveira Gigek, Andreia Fabiana Do Vale Franco, Amanda Alves Ribeiro Massoni, José Ramon Mérida-Velasco, Luís Otávio Carvalho de Moraes

{"title":"Evaluation of IHH, PTCH1, and SMO protein immunohistochemistry in the human mandibular condyle at fetal stages from 30 to 80 mm greatest length.","authors":"Filipe Santos da Silva, Carolina de Oliveira Gigek, Andreia Fabiana Do Vale Franco, Amanda Alves Ribeiro Massoni, José Ramon Mérida-Velasco, Luís Otávio Carvalho de Moraes","doi":"10.1002/ar.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70059","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the morphogenesis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in human fetuses during the third month of gestation through the analysis of immunohistochemistry for the proteins Indian Hedgehog (IHH), Patched-1 (PTCH1), and Smoothened (SMO). These proteins are critical components of the Hedgehog signaling pathway in the embryonic development. Together, they transduce essential intracellular signals for cartilage and bone development and regulate chondrocyte differentiation and growth as part of the synergistic molecular mechanisms that converge to form synovial joints, including the TMJ. A prospective observational study was conducted on six human fetuses at fetal stages ranging from 30 to 80 mm greatest length (estimated to range between 9 and 12 weeks gestational age). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for morphological analysis, and protein immunostaining was assessed through immunohistochemistry. The percentage of immunostaining was quantified using digital image analysis with ImageJ software. IHH immunostaining peaked at the 30 mm stage (4.63%), decreased at 60 mm (2.16%), increased at 70 mm (3.70%), and declined again at 80 mm (2.75%). PTCH1 showed the highest immunostaining at 30 mm (5.35%), with a progressive decrease to its lowest level at 80 mm (1.18%). SMO immunostaining was highest at 30 mm (4.07%), decreased at 60 mm (1.80%), and increased at 70 mm (2.63%) and 80 mm (3.52%). Strong correlations were found between IHH and PTCH1 (rho = 0.70) and between IHH and SMO (rho = 0.70), while PTCH1 and SMO showed a moderate correlation (rho = -0.30). These findings highlight the dynamic protein activity and their critical roles in TMJ morphogenesis.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The revision of baphetids from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic: Morphology, ontogeny, palaeoecology, and the reassessment of the phylogeny of Baphetoidea. 捷克中宾西法尼亚的小蝌蚪的修正：形态、个体发育、古生态学和小蝌蚪总科系统发育的重新评估。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70054

Pavel Barták, Martin Ivanov, Boris Ekrt

{"title":"The revision of baphetids from the Middle Pennsylvanian of the Czech Republic: Morphology, ontogeny, palaeoecology, and the reassessment of the phylogeny of Baphetoidea.","authors":"Pavel Barták, Martin Ivanov, Boris Ekrt","doi":"10.1002/ar.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70054","url":null,"abstract":"The baphetoids represent a clade of the Carboniferous stem-tetrapods (Middle Mississippian-Middle Pennsylvanian) with a characteristic extension of the orbits into antorbital vacuities, which formed keyhole-shaped openings on the skull. The more derived baphetids were crocodile-like piscivores frequently occurring in coal-bearing lacustrine deposits with abundant fish fauna and known from Central and Western Europe, the United States, and Canada. Several important specimens referred to the group have historically been reported from the late Carboniferous (Moscovian) of the Czech Republic, but the thorough revision and comparison of this material have never been fully undertaken. Here we provide a morphological revision of all available baphetid material from the late Carboniferous of the Czech Republic, including one newly described specimen. The part of the presumably lost type material of Loxomma bohemicum was rediscovered and shown here to represent a poorly preserved lower jaw fragment of the temnospondyl Capetus palustris, while all remaining material can be referred to Baphetes orientalis and provides an important insight into the poorly known baphetid ontogeny. The species can be characterized by the postorbital with a very thin and sharply pointed postfrontal process and a slightly elongate rectangular lateral process of the bone. Other characteristics formerly used to diagnose this species are most likely ontogenetically influenced. The results of the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Baphetoidea to date indicate that Baphetinae might be polyphyletic, while \"Loxomma\" lintonensis has been recovered outside the clade Loxommatinae and cannot be confidently assigned to the Loxomma genus on morphological grounds.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Muscular origins of the levator veli palatini muscle: Documenting anatomical variation and resolving five centuries of conflicting accounts. 提上腭veli肌的肌肉起源：记录解剖变异并解决五个世纪以来相互矛盾的说法。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70055

Anthony S Pagano, Christopher M Smith, Michelle B Titunick, Alexandra Idso, Mobinuddin Ahmad, Alex Yu, Kevin Chung, Kevin Li, Suwei Lee, Jeffrey T Laitman, Samuel Márquez

{"title":"Muscular origins of the levator veli palatini muscle: Documenting anatomical variation and resolving five centuries of conflicting accounts.","authors":"Anthony S Pagano, Christopher M Smith, Michelle B Titunick, Alexandra Idso, Mobinuddin Ahmad, Alex Yu, Kevin Chung, Kevin Li, Suwei Lee, Jeffrey T Laitman, Samuel Márquez","doi":"10.1002/ar.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70055","url":null,"abstract":"The levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) plays a fundamental and pivotal role in speech and swallowing. Despite centuries of anatomical description, the LVP origin remains a subject of debate, with several prominent sources offering contradictory findings. This study seeks to clarify conflicting accounts by conducting, to our knowledge, the largest dissection study on LVP morphology to date. We examined 27 temporal bone specimens and 27 hemi-heads from cadaveric donors. All exhibited an LVP origin from the portion of the cartilaginous Eustachian tube inside the osseous Eustachian tube orifice, with other anatomical variants including smaller accessory muscle bellies originating from a thick fibrous tissue layer overlying the petrous bone (the most common variant, 16/27) or from the carotid sheath (5/27). Our results did not support prior claims of the LVP originating exclusively from the petrous bone. There was no significant difference based on age or sex in the type of variant exhibited (p < 0.05). We also found that most temporal bones exhibited an infratubal spine of variable size and that, as corroborated by dissection and inter-observational documentation, these tended to function as attachments for a thick fibrous tissue layer that is continuous with both the carotid sheath and Weber-Liel fascia. These findings contribute to clinical applications such as postoperative monitoring of cleft palate repair patients among whom LVP growth is functionally important. They are also applicable to vocal tract reconstructions in extinct hominins where minor differences in relative LVP length could have functional impacts on speech and respiration by influencing velar biomechanics.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145088773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trabecular bone ontogeny of the human talus. 人距骨的骨小梁发育。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70048

Rebecca A G Reid, Catriona Davies, Craig Cunningham

{"title":"Trabecular bone ontogeny of the human talus.","authors":"Rebecca A G Reid, Catriona Davies, Craig Cunningham","doi":"10.1002/ar.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70048","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of trabecular ontogeny may provide insight into the factors that drive healthy bone development. There is a growing understanding of how the juvenile skeleton responds to these influences; however, gaps in our knowledge remain. This study aims to identify ontogenetic trabecular patterns and regional changes during development within the juvenile talus. This may provide further insight into how the talus adapts to changing biomechanical influences during development. Thirty-six tali ranging in age from 28 intrauterine weeks to 14 postnatal years of age from the Scheuer Juvenile Collection were examined using micro-computed tomography. Trabecular bone was analyzed using a volume of interest approach in addition to whole bone mapping. Trabecular development of the talus followed previously reported ontogenetic trabecular patterns. Fetal, perinatal, and early infant trabecular structure appeared to be dictated by ossification and vascular patterns, whilst after 1 year of age trabeculae adapted to the bipedal gait. This trabecular organization continued to mature until 8 years of age, after which only trabecular thickness and bone volume fraction increased. The fetal, perinatal, and early infant trabecular structure may be mainly driven by genetic programming. With loading of the talus associated with the attainment of bipedal gait at approximately 1 year of age, the trabecular architecture appears to adapt to facilitate these forces. The most substantial changes occur between approximately 1-8 years of age, after which changes appear to be driven by an increase in loading associated with growth. Despite this, there are still some changes, in regions such as the posterior subtalar facet, after 8 years that signal continued maturation of the bipedal gait.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145067650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ontogenetic changes and sexual dimorphism in the cranium and mandible of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus L.). 大西洋海象（Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus L.）颅骨和下颌骨的个体发育变化和性别二型性。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70050

Katrien Dierickx, Oliver Kersten, Youri van den Hurk, Brenna A Frasier, Richard Sabin, Bastiaan Star, James H Barrett

{"title":"Ontogenetic changes and sexual dimorphism in the cranium and mandible of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus L.).","authors":"Katrien Dierickx, Oliver Kersten, Youri van den Hurk, Brenna A Frasier, Richard Sabin, Bastiaan Star, James H Barrett","doi":"10.1002/ar.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.70050","url":null,"abstract":"Walruses have been an important subsistence and cultural resource for humans and have been exploited for millennia across their distribution. This exploitation has contributed to severe declines in several populations and local extirpations. The study of walrus remains from archaeological sites can provide insights into past exploitation strategies and contribute to improving current conservation practices. The ability to differentiate disarticulated skeletal remains by age and sex can provide insights into past herd compositions. While sexing is a well-established approach for mandibles, a clear morphological key to determine such differentiation in crania is currently lacking. Here, linear measurements and geometric morphometrics of mandibles (n = 121) and crania (n = 116) of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) are used to describe the age and sex differences. Suture fusion states are strongly associated with age. There are clear size and shape differences between adults and neonates, with juveniles showing a gradual transition between states. Sexual dimorphism is clearly present in adults, but not detected in juveniles and neonates. Linear discriminant analysis successfully assigned sexes to 19 out of 21 (90.5%) DNA-sexed adult test specimens. Comparatively, only two out of five juvenile test specimens were correctly sexed using morphometrics. We suggest that aging specimens using suture fusion states, followed by classification between adult males and females, provides the most accurate results. This classification technique will facilitate future osteological studies on walruses, for example, to understand their ecomorphology and to provide insight into historical age- and sex-based exploitation and population impacts through time.","PeriodicalId":520555,"journal":{"name":"Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145042886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane: An immune privileged site for tumor transplantation. 鸡胚绒毛膜-尿囊膜：肿瘤移植的免疫优势部位。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70053

Domenico Ribatti

引用次数: 0

The dire wolf (Aenocyon dirus) resurrection that wasn't. 而恐狼（Aenocyon dirus）的复活则不然。

IF 2.1

Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/ar.70049

Michael I Jensen-Seaman, Adam Hartstone-Rose, Anne M Burrows, Heather F Smith

引用次数: 0