{"title":"Teaching Physical Education to Children With Autism: Stories From the Field.","authors":"Heather Katz","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2025-0062","DOIUrl":"10.1123/apaq.2025-0062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dianne Kortekaas, Sean Healy, Tine Van Damme, Ingi Einarsson, Jan Burns, Debbie Van Biesen
{"title":"Coaching Individuals With Intellectual Disability and/or Autism: Perspectives of Coaches and Physical Education Teachers in Belgium.","authors":"Dianne Kortekaas, Sean Healy, Tine Van Damme, Ingi Einarsson, Jan Burns, Debbie Van Biesen","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0206","DOIUrl":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This qualitative study explored the experiences of coaches and physical education teachers, collectively referred to as physical activity (PA) professionals, when coaching individuals with intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism. Furthermore, this study explored the educational resources utilized by PA professionals and their needs in terms of increasing knowledge and skills. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 PA professionals active across various contexts (segregation, integration, and inclusion). The interviews were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Coaching individuals with ID and/or autism involves considering multiple factors including their physical abilities and behavioral characteristics, the expectations of parents/caregivers, and coach competence. PA professionals experienced complexities of coaching individuals with ID and/or autism and challenges at interpersonal, sport-specific, and environmental/policy levels expressing a need for more tailored education, hands-on experience with the population, and peer support. These findings can guide the development of tailor-made educational tools for coaches to enhance sport participation for individuals with ID and/or autism.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance and Pacing Profiles of Competitive Track Events for Elite Athletes With Intellectual Impairment With and Without Additional Significant Impairments.","authors":"Pieter Boer, Jan Burns, Debbie Van Biesen","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0181","DOIUrl":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the pacing profiles of elite track athletes with intellectual impairments (II) and those with Down syndrome (DS) in 400- and 1,500-m track events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pacing data of 67 elite runners participating in the final 400-m (both genders) and 1,500-m (only males) track events of the Global Games (2023) were analyzed. Runners competed in two classes: a class for runners with II (without DS) and a separate class for runners with DS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the 400-m event, male and female runners in both classes decelerated from the first segment (0-200 m) to the second segment (200-400 m) as the time main effect was significant (p < .001); however, the pacing strategy for both genders differed between the II and DS class as reported by the significant Gender × Class interaction effect (p < .001). The running velocity over the two segments of the race decreased more significantly for the II runners without DS. There was also a significant interaction effect for the 1,500-m race (p < .001). The DS runners show a more significant drop in running velocity over the split times of the race and with more varied fluctuations compared with the II runners without DS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the significant differences in pacing between 400- and 1,500-m elite runners with II and with and without DS. Elite runners with DS run at an overall slower velocity and follow a significantly different pacing pattern compared with runners with II without DS. Our findings show that runners with DS are less able to regulate their exercise intensity over the race than runners with II without DS.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma Hjalmarsson, Arnoud Edelman Bos, Linnéa Corell, Annika Kruse, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Jessica Norrbom, Eva Pontén, Petra van Schie, Annemieke I Buizer, Ferdinand von Walden
{"title":"Validation of the 6-Minute Frame Running Test as a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cerebral Palsy.","authors":"Emma Hjalmarsson, Arnoud Edelman Bos, Linnéa Corell, Annika Kruse, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Jessica Norrbom, Eva Pontén, Petra van Schie, Annemieke I Buizer, Ferdinand von Walden","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0153","DOIUrl":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk of poor health due to low aerobic fitness, yet valid assessment methods are limited, especially for individuals with severe CP. This study validated the 6-Minute Frame Running Test (6-MFRT) for assessing aerobic capacity in adolescents and young adults with CP.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Cardiorespiratory responses, blood lactate levels, and subjective exertion during the 6-MFRT were compared with data from the Frame Running Incremental Treadmill Test (FRITT) in 16 participants with CP, age 23 (6.5) years, with Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels II-V.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A strong correlation was found between peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in the 6-MFRT and FRITT (r = .95, p < .001) and between 6-MFRT distance and VO2peak (r = .71, p = .005). No significant difference in VO2peak was observed between tests (p = .186).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 6-MFRT is a field test for estimating aerobic capacity in frame-running athletes with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally Taunton Miedema, Ali Brian, Adam Pennell, Lauren Lieberman, Larissa True, Collin Webster, David Stodden
{"title":"The Effects of an Integrative, Universally Designed Motor Skill Intervention for Young Children With and Without Disabilities.","authors":"Sally Taunton Miedema, Ali Brian, Adam Pennell, Lauren Lieberman, Larissa True, Collin Webster, David Stodden","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many interventions feature a singular component approach to targeting children's motor competency and proficiency. Yet, little is known about the use of integrative interventions to meet the complex developmental needs of children aged 3-6 years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an integrative universally designed intervention on children with and without disabilities' motor competency and proficiency. We selected children (N = 111; disability = 24; no disability = 87) to participate in either a school-based integrative motor intervention (n = 53) or a control condition (n = 58). Children in the integrative motor intervention both with and without disabilities showed significant improvement in motor competency and proficiency (p < .001) as compared with peers with and without disabilities in a control condition. Early childhood center directors (e.g., preschool and kindergarten) should consider implementing integrative universally designed interventions targeting multiple aspects of motor development to remediate delays in children with and without disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39621247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Gatekeepers to Fitness: A Correspondence Study to Examine Disabling Practices Among Fitness Center Personnel.","authors":"Sean Healy","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2021-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fitness centers may be an ideal setting for physical activity, yet qualitative findings suggest social-level barriers constrain access for people with disabilities. To further test this, I employed an online message correspondence study to investigate the effect of impairment status on the responsiveness of a national sample of fitness centers to requests for services. Email requests were sent to 800 fitness centers, of which 200 were tailored to each of the four investigative conditions (i.e., control, vision loss, spinal cord injury, or being autistic). The odds of receiving a positive response were 40.5% lower for individuals with vision loss (p = .011) and 33.3% lower for individuals with spinal cord injury (p = .055), as compared with individuals without an impairment. Specifically, the odds of receiving a positive response for personal training were 58.8% lower among individuals with vision loss (p = .003) and 41.1% lower for individuals with spinal cord injury (p = .065).</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"214-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J P Barfield, Stephanie Williams, Madison R Currie, Xiuyan Guo
{"title":"Evidence-Based Classification in Powerchair Football: Determining the Determinants.","authors":"J P Barfield, Stephanie Williams, Madison R Currie, Xiuyan Guo","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2021-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to initiate the development of an evidence-based sport classification system for powerchair football, a sport that serves athletes with physical impairments. Sport classification is designed to increase participation by minimizing the impact of impairment on competition outcome, and powerchair football lacks an evidence-based system of classification which is required of Paralympic sports. A number of approaches were used to build the theoretical model of sport performance (Step 2 of the International Paralympic Committee model). Key sport activities were identified through surveys of stakeholders and underlying determinants of those key activities were identified through game and database analyses. Current findings support drive control, ball control, communication, and adjustment to the ball as key activities in powerchair football with joint-specific strength and range of motion, sensory, and neurological variables identified as underlying determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"197-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39594520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Carin Aho, Elisabeth Renmarker, Malin Axelsson, Jenny Jakobsson
{"title":"Experiences of Playing Volt Hockey With Focus on Well-Being According to Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Achievement: An Interview Study.","authors":"Anna Carin Aho, Elisabeth Renmarker, Malin Axelsson, Jenny Jakobsson","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2021-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volt hockey is a team sport developed for persons with physical disabilities, but its influence on well-being is unknown. Elements of well-being have been described as positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement constituting a theoretical framework referred to as PERMA. The purpose of this study was to describe how well-being according to PERMA is reflected in the experiences of playing volt hockey. Data were collected through focus group and individual interviews including 21 players. A deductive analysis was conducted using the elements in PERMA as preexisting main categories with an additional main category, named resources needed. Findings showed that all five elements constituting well-being according to PERMA were reflected in the experiences of playing volt hockey. In addition, players emphasized the importance of having the resources needed to play volt hockey. In conclusion, having the opportunity to enjoy playing volt hockey enabled the players to flourish and experience feelings of subjective well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"160-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39594521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreia Bauermann, Karina S G de Sá, Zilda A Santos, Anselmo A Costa E Silva
{"title":"Supplementation and Performance for Wheelchair Athletes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Andreia Bauermann, Karina S G de Sá, Zilda A Santos, Anselmo A Costa E Silva","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2020-0241","DOIUrl":"10.1123/apaq.2020-0241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review aimed to identify nutritional interventions and supplements that improve the performance for wheelchair athletes. Intervention trials involving high-performance wheelchair athletes were analyzed, including those that comprised a nutritional intervention, defined as any intervention related to food, beverages, and supplementation aiming at evaluating the performance of wheelchair athletes. Of the included studies, four evaluated caffeine supplementation, of which one also evaluated sodium citrate supplementation; two studies evaluated vitamin D supplementation; one study assessed creatine monohydrate supplementation; and one assessed carbohydrate supplementation. Most studies were conducted on athletes with spinal cord injury. Athletes who consumed caffeine exhibited an improvement in performance, but this finding is not strong enough to become a recommendation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"268-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39608110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}