Alexandra J Walters, Natara Ng, Amy E Latimer-Cheung, Jennifer R Tomasone
{"title":"A Competency-Based Analysis of Provider Training at Community-Based Exercise Programs for Persons With Disabilities Across Canada: An Environmental Scan.","authors":"Alexandra J Walters, Natara Ng, Amy E Latimer-Cheung, Jennifer R Tomasone","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2024-0141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many qualified exercise professionals are underprepared to support the quality exercise experiences of persons with disabilities. Community-based exercise programs for persons with disabilities often offer new providers (i.e., staff, volunteers, and students) specialized onboarding training. We aimed to identify the competency elements delivered in these trainings. Applying a competency-based lens, training materials (n = 94) from community-based exercise programs in Canada (n = 9) were analyzed to identify competency elements (i.e., knowledge, skills, and attitudes) taught to providers and differences in training content between provider types. The majority of training content focused on the provision of knowledge, with less attention to skills and attitudes training. Focusing on knowledge acquisition can leave providers without the capacity to apply the knowledge they have attained in real-time situations. Staff training was oriented toward disability-specific content, while volunteer and student training focused more on general and program-specific content. Findings informed the development of disability-specific competencies for qualified exercise professionals in community exercise settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Classification System in Para Judo: Transitions, Performance Outcomes, and Future Challenges.","authors":"Rafael Lima Kons","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2025-0089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2025-0089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the transition from the former visual-impairment classification (B1-B3) to the new J1/J2 model in Para judo, focusing on its impact on fairness and performance. Previously, Para athletes with different levels of visual impairment competed together, often disadvantaging totally blind (B1) Para athletes. In response to this imbalance, the International Blind Sports Federation introduced the J1 and J2 classes in 2022, based on visual functional, and a reduction in weight categories to improve equity. An analysis of competition outcomes over the last years in Paralympic Games suggests that the new system reduces performance disparities between classifications. However, broader weight categories within classes may create new fairness concerns. The study concludes that the revised classification constitutes a significant advancement toward enhanced inclusion and competitive equity. Nevertheless, continuous evaluation, potential refinement of weight divisions, and rigorous enforcement against intentional misrepresentation remain critical to preserving the integrity of Para judo.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaepyo Sim, Sanga Yun, Junhyuk Park, Jooyeon Jin, Sami Yli-Piipari, T N Kirk
{"title":"Experiences of Individuals With Visual Impairments in Adapted and Nonadapted Group Exercise Programs.","authors":"Jaepyo Sim, Sanga Yun, Junhyuk Park, Jooyeon Jin, Sami Yli-Piipari, T N Kirk","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2025-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2025-0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical activity is vital for health, yet individuals with visual impairments face barriers in conventional fitness settings. This study aimed to understand the perceptions and lived experiences of exercisers with visual impairments (EVI) who participated in an adapted group exercise program (AGEP) and to identify the perceived barriers and facilitators to exercise participation among EVI in both AGEP and non-AGEP settings. Thematic analysis of focus-group interviews with nine EVI identified four themes; therein, participants described meaningful facilitators in AGEP (i.e., accessible instruction, accessible support, and socialization). However, they also reported barriers in both non-AGEP (i.e., inaccessible instruction, activity exclusion) and AGEP (i.e., untrained support staff) settings. These findings underscore the need for collaborative efforts between EVI and program staff to create supportive physical activity environments in both AGEP and non-AGEP settings. Future research could seek to explore this coproduction process to foster greater inclusivity for EVI.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adapted Physical Education Teachers' Perceptions Toward Parents of Children With Disabilities.","authors":"Adam S Forbes, Matthew K Lowery, Martin E Block","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2024-0183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One role of adapted physical educators is connecting with parents of children with disabilities to enhance service delivery. However, parents experience a disconnect with teachers. Much of the literature has focused on parent perspectives, but equally important is understanding the perspectives of teachers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of adapted physical education (APE) teachers toward parents of children with disabilities. Through semistructured interviews of 11 participants, four themes were extracted: (a) importance and benefits of parent involvement, (b) communicating with parents as a key facilitator to developing relationships, (c) teacher characteristics that facilitate developing parent relationships, and (d) perceived barriers to developing parent relationships. In addition to experiencing parental lack of value for and prioritizing APE, many APE teachers also experienced challenges such as feeling marginalized. Having resilience and communicating through visuals were important factors to create relationships with parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychological Performance Determinants in Wheelchair Basketball: The Roles of Self-Efficacy, Sport-Confidence, and Goal Orientation.","authors":"Gal Zmora, Cynthia A Trowbridge, Ella Been","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2024-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined psychological performance determinants in 48 adult wheelchair basketball players, focusing on self-efficacy, sport-confidence, and goal orientation. Participants (38 male and 10 female) were analyzed by classification, sex, etiology, experience, and age. Outcome measures included the Basketball Self-Efficacy Scale, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), and the Trait Sport-Confidence Inventory. T tests were performed to explore differences between groups. Results revealed significant differences in TEOSQ scores between classifications: High pointers (International Wheelchair Basketball Federation [IWBF] 4-4.5) had higher ego-orientation scores than low pointers (IWBF 1-1.5). Males had higher self-efficacy scores than females. Less-experienced athletes showed higher task-orientation scores. Pearson correlation tests revealed a strong negative correlation between TEOSQ and age and a moderate negative correlation between TEOSQ and experience. The findings provide insights into psychological performance determinants in wheelchair basketball players, offering a foundation for targeted coaching practices aimed at enhancing athletic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144985705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cen-Yi Lin, Wei-Jiun Shen, Frank J H Lu, Yun-Che Hsieh, Bin-Bin Fang, Bin Chen
{"title":"Predicting Physical Activity in Adults With Physical Disabilities: An Adaptation of the Physical Activity for Individuals With Disabilities and Health Action Process Approach Models.","authors":"Cen-Yi Lin, Wei-Jiun Shen, Frank J H Lu, Yun-Che Hsieh, Bin-Bin Fang, Bin Chen","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2025-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2025-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the psychological mechanism underlying physical activity (PA) participation in individuals with physical disabilities is crucial. In the current study, a conceptual model derived from extant literature was utilized to examine how perceived barriers, attitude, subjective norm, and self-efficacy are associated with intention and action of PA for people with disabilities. We recruited 371 adults (male = 215; female = 154; unidentified = 1; Mage = 53.20 ± 11.52 yr) with various physical disabilities. Structural equation modeling indicated that subjective norm, attitude, personal efficacy, environmental efficacy, and intention were positively associated with health actions, whereas internal, interpersonal, and environmental barriers showed negative associations. Internal and interpersonal barriers showed associations with lower motivation through self-efficacy and subjective norm, while environmental barriers were associated with diminished volitional processes through environmental efficacy. PA participation among individuals with disabilities appears to be shaped by different types of barriers and social cognitive variables across various stages of behavioral engagement. Limitations, practical implications, and future directions are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle Alexander-Urquhart, Diane M Culver, Siobhan Rourke
{"title":"A Creative Nonfiction Approach to Illustrate Sport Experiences of Girls and Women Athletes With Disabilities, From the Perspective of Canadian Athletes and Coaches.","authors":"Danielle Alexander-Urquhart, Diane M Culver, Siobhan Rourke","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2024-0189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2024-0189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using narrative inquiry as a theoretical and methodological framework, the purpose of this research was to understand the Para sport landscape as it pertains to girls and women with disabilities in Canada, from the perspectives of athletes and coaches. We recruited five girls and women athletes with disabilities and six Para sport coaches to participate in semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using a thematic narrative analysis. Using creative nonfiction, we present three composite vignettes to illustrate our participants' experiences and recommendations toward the promotion of girls and women with disabilities in sport. This exploratory study shines light on intersectional inequities experienced in sport (e.g., discriminatory coaching attitudes) but also the potential of sport toward supporting community and empowerment. Practical recommendations are offered to coaches, sport programmers, administrators, and policymakers in pursuit of creating positive and inclusive sport environments for girls and women with disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sally Taunton Miedema, Ali Brian, Adam Pennell, Lauren Lieberman, Larissa True, Collin Webster, David Stodden
{"title":"The Effects of an Integrative, Universally Designed Motor Skill Intervention for Young Children With and Without Disabilities.","authors":"Sally Taunton Miedema, Ali Brian, Adam Pennell, Lauren Lieberman, Larissa True, Collin Webster, David Stodden","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2021-0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many interventions feature a singular component approach to targeting children's motor competency and proficiency. Yet, little is known about the use of integrative interventions to meet the complex developmental needs of children aged 3-6 years. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an integrative universally designed intervention on children with and without disabilities' motor competency and proficiency. We selected children (N = 111; disability = 24; no disability = 87) to participate in either a school-based integrative motor intervention (n = 53) or a control condition (n = 58). Children in the integrative motor intervention both with and without disabilities showed significant improvement in motor competency and proficiency (p < .001) as compared with peers with and without disabilities in a control condition. Early childhood center directors (e.g., preschool and kindergarten) should consider implementing integrative universally designed interventions targeting multiple aspects of motor development to remediate delays in children with and without disabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39621247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Gatekeepers to Fitness: A Correspondence Study to Examine Disabling Practices Among Fitness Center Personnel.","authors":"Sean Healy","doi":"10.1123/apaq.2021-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fitness centers may be an ideal setting for physical activity, yet qualitative findings suggest social-level barriers constrain access for people with disabilities. To further test this, I employed an online message correspondence study to investigate the effect of impairment status on the responsiveness of a national sample of fitness centers to requests for services. Email requests were sent to 800 fitness centers, of which 200 were tailored to each of the four investigative conditions (i.e., control, vision loss, spinal cord injury, or being autistic). The odds of receiving a positive response were 40.5% lower for individuals with vision loss (p = .011) and 33.3% lower for individuals with spinal cord injury (p = .055), as compared with individuals without an impairment. Specifically, the odds of receiving a positive response for personal training were 58.8% lower among individuals with vision loss (p = .003) and 41.1% lower for individuals with spinal cord injury (p = .065).</p>","PeriodicalId":520545,"journal":{"name":"Adapted physical activity quarterly : APAQ","volume":" ","pages":"214-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39710989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}