Crisis最新文献

{"title":"Celebrity Suicide.","authors":"Amy S Hedman-Robertson,&nbsp;Starr K Sage","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Increased suicides following media coverage of celebrities' suicide deaths have been documented in several countries. <i>Recommendations for Reporting on Suicide</i> were published to provide guidance for media professionals when covering suicide. Research indicates guidelines have been poorly followed. <i>Aim:</i> We aimed to determine whether the recommendations were similarly observed when studying two online news organizations' coverage of a celebrity's suicide. <i>Method:</i> In the 3 days following a high-profile celebrity's death, two US cable networks' news websites were studied to compare how the death was reported. Online articles were reviewed using a coding rubric organized by six themes and 21 coding categories. <i>Results:</i> Between the two organizations, 34 articles were published. Regarding the recommendations, neither source followed all of the recommendations, as measured in this study. Source A fared better in providing help-seeking information. <i>Limitations:</i> Only two news organizations were studied for a 3-day period. Online videos, print articles, and social media were excluded. <i>Conclusion:</i> The suicide of a celebrity received repetitive media coverage with little emphasis on prevention or help-seeking. The recommendations were not consistently followed by the two news websites included in this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"418-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38304896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of User Expectations and Outcomes of Crisis Support Services.","authors":"Kelly Mazzer,&nbsp;Megan O'Riordan,&nbsp;Alan Woodward,&nbsp;Debra Rickwood","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Crisis support services play an important role in providing free, immediate access to support people in the community experiencing a personal crisis. Recently, services have expanded from telephone to digital modalities including online chat and text message services. This raises the question of what outcomes are being achieved for increasingly diverse service users across different modalities. <i>Aims:</i> This systematic review aimed to determine the expectations and outcomes of users of crisis support services across three modalities (telephone, online chat, and text message/SMS). <i>Method:</i> Online databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Psychological and Behavioural Sciences Collection) and gray literature were searched for studies measuring expectations and outcomes of crisis support services. <i>Results:</i> A total of 31 studies were included in the review, the majority of which were telephone-based. Similar expectations were found for telephone and online chat modalities, as well as consistently positive outcomes, measured by changes in emotional state, satisfaction, and referral plans. <i>Limitations/Conclusion:</i> There is a paucity of consistent outcome measures across and within modalities and limited research about users of text message/SMS services.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"465-473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38672909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide prevention on campus--what direction?","authors":"David Lester","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000217","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"371-3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40268096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The therapist's reaction to a patient's suicide: results of a survey and implicationsfor health care professionals’well-being.","authors":"Friedrich Martin Wurst,&nbsp;Isabella Kunz,&nbsp;Gregory Skipper,&nbsp;Manfred Wolfersdorf,&nbsp;Karl H Beine,&nbsp;Natasha Thon","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess (1) the impact of a patient's suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient's suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients' suicide. The item \"overall distress\" immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40100844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of elderly suicide prevention programs.","authors":"Sylvie Lapierre, Annette Erlangsen, Margda Waern, Diego De Leo, Hirofumi Oyama, Paolo Scocco, Joseph Gallo, Katalin Szanto, Yeates Conwell, Brian Draper, Paul Quinnett","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000076","DOIUrl":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicide rates are highest among the elderly, yet research on suicide prevention in old age remains a much-neglected area.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We carried out a systematic review to examine the results of interventions aimed at suicidal elderly persons and to identify successful strategies and areas needing further exploration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches through various electronic databases yielded 19 studies with an empirical evaluation of a suicide prevention or intervention program designed especially for adults aged 60 years and older.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most studies were centered on the reduction of risk factors (depression screening and treatment, and decreasing isolation), but when gender was considered, programs were mostly efficient for women. The empirical evaluations of programs attending to the needs of high-risk older adults seemed positive; most studies showed a reduction in the level of suicidal ideation of patients or in the suicide rate of the participating communities. However, not all studies used measures of suicidality to evaluate the outcome of the intervention, and rarely did they aim at improving protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Innovative strategies should improve resilience and positive aging, engage family and community gatekeepers, use telecommunications to reach vulnerable older adult, and evaluate the effects of means restriction and physicians education on elderly suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3728773/pdf/nihms479519.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40100845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural context is crucial in suicide research and prevention.","authors":"Heidi Hjelmeland","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000097","url":null,"abstract":"According to Geertz (1973), “. . . there is no such thing as a human nature independent of culture . . . We are . . . incomplete or unfinished animals who complete or finish ourselves through culture . . .” (p. 49). And, in the words of Markus and Hamedani (2007), “. . . biological beings become human beings through their engagement with the meanings and practices of their social world . . .” (p. 32). Thus, the sociocultural context is crucial to peoples’ lives, which inevitably means that it also plays a crucial role in suicide. If we want to understand suicidal behavior and suicidal people, it is absolutely essential to take the cultural context into consideration in all kinds of suicidological research (e.g., Hjelmeland, 2010; Hjelmeland & Knizek, 2010; Hjelmeland & Knizek, in press). This should be selfevident. However, it turns out not to be, and in an endeavor to include a cultural perspective in suicidological research we face a number of challenges – conceptual, theoretical, methodological, ethical, and political challenges (Hjelmeland, 2010). One of the most important challenges, and the one to be discussed here, might be the current “biologification” of suicidology. Among other sciences, psychiatry is one of the most prominent premise providers for suicidology; and there is no doubt that psychiatry, as well as behavioral sciences, have recently developed in a more biological direction (Brinkmann, 2009). Thus, studies on biological factors (e.g., genes, endophenotypes, neurotransmitters) are presently in demand (e.g., Mann et al., 2006), researchers are now describing the “suicidal brain” (e.g., Desmyter et al., 2011), and various kinds of brain-imaging techniques are developing fast and maintained to be important also in suicidology. For example, Mann (2005) stated that “The clinician needs to know which depressed patient is at risk for suicide, and one promising direction is to begin using brain imaging to measure the predisposition to suicidal behavior . . .” (p. 102). With this, we face some ethical challenges. For instance, when and how is the information produced in such studies going to be used? If you are told that you have a biological predisposition to suicide (or not), this information will inevitably have consequences for both you and your family and friends (Hjelmeland & Knizek, in press). Moreover, such studies have their limitations. For instance, Restak (2006) pointed out that correlations found in brainimaging research frequently – and inappropriately – are interpreted in terms of cause and effect relationships. Furthermore, with the new brain-imaging techniques, psychiatry, and with it suicidology, may be heading toward (or back to?) a very mechanistic view of human beings. A potential consequence of finding biological markers for suicidal behavior is that this makes it rather easy to think of medication as the best/cheapest/easiest possible treatment available. It may be considered easier to treat what is often referre","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"61-4"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/0227-5910/a000097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40100842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of withdrawal of the analgesic Co-proxamol on nonfatal self-poisoning in the UK.","authors":"Keith Hawton,&nbsp;Helen Bergen,&nbsp;Keith Waters,&nbsp;Elizabeth Murphy,&nbsp;Jayne Cooper,&nbsp;Navneet Kapur","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910/a000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In early 2005 the UK Committee on Safety of Medicines (CSM) announced gradual withdrawal of the analgesic co-proxamol because of its adverse benefit/safety ratio, especially its use for intentional and accidental fatal poisoning. Prescriptions of co-proxamol were reduced in the 3-year withdrawal phase (2005 to 2007) following the CSM announcement.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess the impact of the CSM announcement in January 2005 to withdraw co-proxamol on nonfatal self-poisoning with co-proxamol and other analgesics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interrupted time series analysis of general hospital presentations for nonfatal self-poisoning (five hospitals in three centers in England), comparing the 3-year withdrawal period 2005-2007 with 2000-2004.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A marked reduction in the number of episodes of nonfatal self-poisoning episodes involving co-proxamol was found following the CSM announcement (an estimated 62% over the period 2005 to 2007 compared to 2000 to 2004). There was no evidence of an increase in nonfatal self-poisoning episodes involving other analgesics (co-codamol, codeine, co-dydramol, dihydrocodeine, and tramadol) in relation to the CSM announcement over the same period, nor a change in the number of all episodes of self-poisoning.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Data were from three centers only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The impact of the policy appears to have reduced nonfatal self-poisoning with co-proxamol without significant substitution with other analgesics. This finding is in keeping with that for suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"81-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40100843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deliberate self-harm in the emergency department: experience from Karachi, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Shahid,&nbsp;Murad M Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Saleem Khan,&nbsp;Yasir Jamal,&nbsp;Aaref Badshah,&nbsp;Rifat Rehmani","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal behavior is an understudied subject in Pakistan, a South-Asian developing country with a predominantly Muslim population.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study examined the characteristics and management of patients presenting with Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH) to the Emergency Department (ED) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of all patients (n = 98), over a period of 12 months was carried out. The demographic details of patients; method of DSH and, if drugs were used, their type, route, and quantity; reason for DSH; past psychiatric history; and outcome were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of subjects was 23.5 years. The majority of patients were female; most had used drugs for DSH. After initial treatment in the ED, 34 patients were admitted to medical wards for further treatment, 12 were discharged from ED, while 52 patients left against medical advice. The main reasons for leaving against medical advice were financial constraints and fear of legal issues. Seven patients had at least one previous episode of DSH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients who left the ED without psychosocial assessment are at increased risk for repetition of DSH as well as suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"85-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28241448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal behavior in four ethnic groups in the Hague, 2002-2004.","authors":"Irene Burger,&nbsp;Albert M van Hemert,&nbsp;Willem J Schudel,&nbsp;Barend J C Middelkoop","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suicidal behavior is a severe public health problem.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To determine the rates of attempted and completed suicide among ethnic groups in The Hague, The Netherlands (2002-2004).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>By analyzing data on attempted and completed suicide (from the psychiatric department of general medical hospitals; the psychiatric emergency service and the municipal coroners).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15-24 years were at highest risk for attempted suicide (age-specific rate 545 / 100,000 and 421 / 100,000 person-years, respectively). Both rates were significantly higher than in the same age group of Dutch females (246 / 100,000 person-years). Turkish (2%) and Surinamese (7%) had lower repeat suicide-attempt rates than did Dutch (16%) females aged 15-24. Significantly lower suicide-attempt rates were found for Surinamese than for Dutch females aged 35-54 years. Differences were not explained by socioeconomic living conditions. The ratio fatal/nonfatal events was 4.5 times higher in males than in females and varied across age, gender, and ethnicity strata. Completed suicide was rare among migrant females. No completed suicides were observed in the Turkish and Surinamese females aged 15-24 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates a high risk of attempted suicide and a low risk of completed suicide among young Turkish and Surinamese females.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"63-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28318710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impulsive but fatal self-poisoning with pesticides among South Asians in Nickerie, Suriname.","authors":"B A J van Spijker,&nbsp;T Graafsma,&nbsp;H I A Dullaart,&nbsp;A J F M Kerkhof","doi":"10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intentional self-poisoning with pesticides is a serious problem in many developing countries. It is a commonly used method among South Asians all over the world.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To describe the circumstances and characteristics of suicides in Nickerie, e, in order to gain insight into why South Asians commonly use self-poisoning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An exploratory psychological autopsy study was conducted among 19 survivors of 13 suicides in the Nickerie district in Suriname.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Impulsivity plays an important role in self-poisonings, as well as aggression and easy accessibility of pesticides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Possible answers to the question why South Asians often use self-poisoning as a method for suicide may be found in culture, upbringing, styles of communication and genetics. However, more research is needed to further explore these hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":520108,"journal":{"name":"Crisis","volume":" ","pages":"102-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28241452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}